Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneously administered U40 and U100 formulations of regular human insulin.
Action profiles of 12 U of regular human insulin (Actrapid HM) administered subcutaneously as a U40 or U100 formulation were studied. Euglycaemic glucose clamps were performed on two separate days in 8 healthy subjects (basal i.v. insulin infusion 0.1 mU/kg/min, plasma glucose 5.0 mmol/l, mean +/- SD age 25 +/- 2 years, BMI 22.7 +/- 1.4 kg/m2). Serum insulin concentrations increased after injection of U40 or U100 from similar baseline values to maximal individual concentrations of 305 +/- 79 vs. 285 +/- 62 pmol/l (NS) after 90 +/- 33 vs. 114 +/- 58 min (NS). Ten, 15, and 20 min post injection insulin concentrations were significantly higher by an average of 30 pmol/l after U40 insulin vs. U100 insulin (p less than 0.05). Glucose infusion rates increased from comparable baseline rates to maximal individual glucose infusion rates of 10.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.9 +/- 3.0 mg/kg/min (NS) after 172 +/- 51 vs. 169 +/- (39) min (NS). At the three time points when significantly different serum insulin concentrations occurred soon after insulin injection, glucose infusion rates were not significantly different between U40 and U100. Although small differences in insulin pharmacokinetics were detected early after s.c. insulin injection (U40 was absorbed faster than U100 insulin) the pharmacodynamics of the U40 and U100 formulation of regular human insulin appear to be comparable in healthy subjects.