Biomedical subjects

L Hedlund

Publications and source records attributed to L Hedlund.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Forced ethanol treatment stimulates and inhibits ethanol intake in a rat model of alcoholism.

In a model of psychological dependence, a very stable ethanol intake was induced by a chronic (1-year) intermittent (once a week) exposure to intoxicating amounts of ethanol (24 h choice between ethanol and water, followed by 2.0 g/kg i.p.). After this year, the rats had continuous access to ethanol and water. Stability was shown by the ability of the rats to take the same dose of ethanol (in g/kg) when the concentration was changed from 10 to 20%. To study possible priming or inhibiting effects on ethanol intake, ethanol was injected i.p., first as 20%, 40% or 60% of the intake in the 24 h prior to the injection, then as fixed doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, and the ethanol intake during the following 24-h period was recorded. The results showed that, following a low dose of ethanol, voluntary ethanol intake was increased in rats with a low, and decreased in rats with a high, ethanol intake, while high doses of ethanol seemed to decrease voluntary ethanol intake in all rats. The results are discussed in relation to theories about loss of control of drinking and relapse in humans.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of diazepam on voluntary ethanol intake in a rat model of alcoholism.

This paper reports the effects of a diazepam treatment on voluntary ethanol intake in rats included in an animal model of alcoholism. In a first dose-seeking experiment, rats had a choice between 10% (w/v) ethanol and water for 24 h each week. Single doses of diazepam between 2 and 20 mg/kg injected i.p. prior to the 24-h choice caused a dose-dependent decrease in voluntary ethanol intake from 3.2 +/- 0.4 g/kg/day down to 2.3 +/- 0.3 g/kg/day (P < 0.01) after a dose of 20 mg/kg. In a second experiment, psychological dependence was induced by a 1-year intermittent exposure to ethanol (a choice between 10% ethanol and water for 24 h each week, followed by an i.p. injection of 2.0 g/kg of ethanol). After this year, the rats were given a continuous choice between ethanol and water. A 3-week treatment with diazepam (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was started in week 68, during which period a choice of 10% (w/v) ethanol was available only on the first and the last days of treatment. On the first day of the diazepam treatment, ethanol intake was decreased from a pre-experimental value of 2.7 +/- 0.3 g/kg/day to 1.2 +/- 0.1 g/kg/day (P < 0.001). On the last day of the treatment, voluntary intake was higher than before the treatment (3.8 +/- 0.27 g/kg/day, P < 0.01). Ethanol intake remained elevated during the week after the end of the diazepam treatment (P < 0.05). When single doses of diazepam (20 mg/kg) were re-tested 10 and 19 weeks after the treatment, there was no decrease in ethanol intake, indicating that the initial effect had not been re-established.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chest roentgenographic evaluation of the severity of aortic stenosis.

The chest radiographs of 44 adult patients with proven valvular aortic stenosis (AS) were analyzed for the evaluation of severity of the disease. Five parameters were correlated with the aortic valve area (AVA) as the determinant of AS severity: the area of aortic valve calcification (AVCa), the cardio--thoracic (C--T) ratio, the Hoffman-Rigler (H-R) sign, left atrial enlargement (LAE), and the transverse diameter of the thoracic aorta (TDAo). There was a significant correlation between AVCa and severe AS only in women over 40 years of age. The increased C--T ratio and evidence of LAE was predictive of severe AS in men over 40 years of age. The positive H-R sign and an increased TDAo were not useful in assessing the severity of AS. Accordingly, the radiographic analysis of signs is a simple, useful, and noninvasive technique for diagnosing AS and for assessing its severity in patients over 40 years of age.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical comparison of two contrast agents for oral cholecystography: radiologic efficacy and drug safety of iopanoic acid and iopronic acid.

Oral doses of either iopronic acid (4.5 g Oravue, Squibb) or iopanoic acid (3 g Telepaque, Winthrop) were given to 98 patients requiring cholecystography. Radiographs were taken 13 to 16 hours after treatment showed good to excellent gallbladder opacification in 44 percent of patients after the first dose of iopronic acid and in an additional 29 percent after a second dose. Similar opacification occurred in 42 percent of patients after the first dose of iopanoic acid and in 34 percent after a second dose. Drug-related abnormalities in blood and urine tests occurred about equally in both groups and one patient in each group exhibited a clinically adverse reaction (diarrhea). Thus, the performance (radiographic efficacy and drug safety) of the new contrast agent, iopronic acid, was similar to a widely used drug, iopanoic acid.

Administration, Oral↗