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Biomedical subjects

L Hauser

Publications and source records attributed to L Hauser.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Blood transfusion surveillance: organization and results].

Created by law in 1994, haemovigilance is a national system of surveillance and alarm, from blood collection to the follow up of the recipients, gathering and analysing all untoward effects of blood transfusion in order to correct their cause and prevent recurrence. Three levels compose the haemovigilance network: local, regional and national. The incident reporting is mandatory and this rate is stable with 2.9 to 3 incidents per 1000 blood components transfused. The transfusion incident due to bacterial contamination and ABO incompatibility worry the medical community. Haemovigilance contributes to transfusion safety. It makes possible to recognise risks already known, to be on alert for emergent risks, to undertake preventive actions on critical steps of the transfusion chain, and to warrant follow up of safety measures efficiency.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2001

Haplotype frequency distribution and discriminatory power of two mtDNA fragments in a marine pelagic teleost (Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus).

Two regions of the mtDNA of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), ND3/4 and ND5/6, were surveyed by RFLP analysis to assess the effects of marker variability on the power of statistical tests. Although haplotype diversity was similar, marked differences in the number of common haplotypes were observed between the two regions, with ND3/4 having a more even distribution of haplotype frequencies. ND3/4 also revealed higher differentiation among samples than ND5/6, similar to previously published microsatellite data of the same samples. The data suggested that the highly skewed haplotype distribution of many mtDNA markers may be one of the reasons for the less frequent detection of population differentiation compared to microsatellites. Pooling ('binning') of related haplotypes did not increase differentiation revealed by each mtDNA region individually, but greatly strengthened geographical patterns shown by both regions combined. The data provided evidence for genetic differentiation of Icelandic herring from other north-eastern Atlantic stocks, and indicated genetic differences between Baltic and Celtic Sea herring. However, mtDNA data failed to confirm previously reported differences between Barents Sea herring, Norwegian fjord populations and Norwegian spring spawners.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A novel ATPase on mouse chromosome 7 is a candidate gene for increased body fat.

A region of mouse chromosome 7, just distal to the pink-eyed (p) dilution locus, contains a gene or genes, which we have named p-locus-associated obesity (plo1), affecting body fat. Mice heterozygous for the most distally extending chromosomal deletions of this region have nearly double the body fat of mice when the deletion is inherited maternally as when it is inherited paternally. We have physically mapped the 1-Mb critical region, which lies between the Gabrb3 and Ube3a/Ipw genes, and DNA sequencing has localized a new member of the third subfamily of P-type ATPases to the minimal region specifying the trait. This gene, which we have called p-locus fat-associated ATPase (pfatp) is differentially expressed in human and mouse tissues with predominant expression in the testis and lower levels of expression in adipose tissue and other organs. We propose this ATPase as the prime candidate for the gene at the plo1 locus modulating body fat content in the mouse. The unusual inheritance pattern of this phenotype suggests either genomic imprinting, known to occur in other local genes (Ube3a, Ipw), or an effect of maternal haploinsufficiency during pregnancy or lactation on body fat in the progeny.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

Clonal structure of the introduced freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae), as revealed by DNA fingerprinting.

Multi-locus DNA fingerprints were obtained from individuals of the hydrobiid snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (= P. jenkinsi), by using an RNA derivative (pSPT 18.15) of Jeffrey's 33.15 minisatellite core sequence. Whole-body homogenization of snails yielded 3.21 +/- 0.09 micrograms DNA per individual, producing complex profiles comprising 12-22 fragments within the 1.0-20.0 kilobase (kb) size range. Fingerprints from natural and experimental populations identified three distinct clonal genotypes corresponding to morphological strains A, B and C, with only rare mutational variants. Mother-offspring comparisons of genetic fingerprints revealed genetic stability during apomictic parthenogenesis. Data support the notion that British populations of P. antipodarum comprise three widespread obligate parthenogenetic clones resulting from a mid-19th Century introduction from Australasia. The present-day low levels of genotypic diversity are discussed in relation to the typical occurrence of P. antipodarum in man-made or immature habitats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pancreatic pathology in pentamidine-induced diabetes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.

An acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient who was treated with pentamidine for a pneumocystis infection developed hypoglycemia followed by diabetes mellitus. The pathologic findings in the pancreas consisted of a significant decrease in the number of insulin-positive cells as measured by immunoperoxidase techniques when compared with comparable tissue from an age- and sex-matched control. There was also a decrease in the staining intensity of the insulin-positive cells, an absolute increase in the glucagon-positive cells, and no significant change in the number of somatostatin-positive cells. Routinely stained histologic sections showed morphologic changes in the islets with features different from those described in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or those caused by the toxin Vacor. The islets had increased vascular spaces, no islet cell necrosis, no fibrosis, and no lymphocytic infiltrates when compared with an age-matched control.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pancreas.

A patient with a large tumor of the head and body of the pancreas had a Whipple procedure performed after the intraoperative diagnosis of "mesenchymal tumor" was made. The final histopathologic diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in the pancreas. The patient died of postoperative complications, and no metastatic disease was found at autopsy. This is the first detailed description of a primary pancreatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of mean cell volume in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes collected from lymph nodes of 53 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were compared to lymphocytes from 18 patients with reactive hyperplasia. The mean cell volume (MCV) and the modal volume (MV) of neoplastic lymphocytes were larger than the MCV and MV of lymphocytes from reactive hyperplasia. The cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were more heterogeneous within and among cases than observed in volumes from lymphocytes of patients with reactive hyperplasia. The cell volumes of neoplastic lymphocytes corresponded to subgroups within the Rappaport Classification and the Working Formulation. Cell volumes of neoplastic cells from low-grade lymphomas were smaller than intermediate grade lymphomas which in turn were smaller than high-grade lymphomas. When cases of NHL were placed into three subtypes based on the MCV, large cell lymphomas had a significantly shorter survival then small and intermediate cell lymphomas at 12 months. However, a stepwise multiple regression analysis failed to demonstrate any independent value of cell volume in the prediction of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Kinetic changes in protein synthesis in response to a sublethal heat shock in starved Tetrahymena thermophila.

We have analyzed the alterations that occur in the patterns of protein synthesis of Tetrahymena thermophila cells when these cells are exposed to a sublethal heat treatment. At least 11 major polypeptides, ranging in size from 97,000 to 27,000 daltons, are produced when the incubation temperature of Tetrahymena cultures is raised from 29 to 41 degrees C. The kinetics of appearance and disappearance appears to differ for each one of these heat-induced polypeptides, suggesting that elaborate mechanisms might operate in the regulation of the expression of this group of genes.

Animals↗