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Biomedical subjects

L Hardell

Publications and source records attributed to L Hardell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Diagnostic X-ray exposure and female papillary thyroid cancer: a pooled analysis of two Swedish studies.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk for female papillary thyroid cancer from occupational and medical low level radiation exposure. The analyses are based on data from two Swedish case-control studies on determinants for thyroid cancer. One hundred and eighty six thyroid cancer cases, diagnosed during 1977-89 and aged 20-70 years, were collected from cancer registers. Twice as many population controls were selected. Questionnaires were mailed in 1990-91 to living cases and controls. A high risk was found for the occupational group of dentists/dental assistants, odds ratio (OR) = 13.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1-389. For all occupational exposure to X-rays OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0-4.4 was obtained. Diagnostic X-ray exposure was associated with increased risk, with a dose-response tendency yielding OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.5-5.1 for the highest absorbed thyroid dose (> 1.0 mGy). If only females of 50 years or less at diagnosis were considered, higher ORs were obtained. Increased risks were also found for some site-specific examinations, some of them giving very low radiation dose to the thyroid; more than 10 dental X-rays gave OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6-7.6. A potentiated risk for prior X-rays was seen among women with three or more parities, with OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.5-14.8. Exposure to visual display units yielded OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.9-5.6. As in all questionnaire-based case-control studies possible recall bias must be considered but is unlikely to cause dose-response patterns and interaction as indicated in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Increased cancer risk among Swedish female alcoholics.

We evaluated site-specific cancer risks in alcoholic women. We identified 15,508 alcoholic women from the records of the Temperance Boards in Sweden and obtained a comparison group by selecting for each alcoholic woman one female individual matched for region and day of birth. We obtained incidence data from the Swedish Cancer Registry. We found an increased relative risk (RR) for any cancer [RR = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-1.8]; site-specific risks were increased for tongue (RR = 8.5; 95% CI = 2.0-37), mouth (RR = 12; 95% CI = 1.6-92), tonsil (RR = 11; 95% CI = 1.4-85), hypopharynx (RR = 9.0; 95% CI = 1.1-71), larynx (RR = 7.0; 95% CI = 0.9-57), liver (RR = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.8-12), pancreas (RR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6-4.6), lung (RR = 5.0; 95% CI = 3.3-7.5), breast (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.7), cervix uteri (RR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.8-5.4), and vulva, vagina, and unspecified female genital organs (RR = 4.0; 95% CI = 1.3-12). We found a decreased risk for malignant melanoma of the skin (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-1.0). Since this was a register study, the results may be confounded by differences in smoking, dietary habits, and/or other factors in the cohort of alcoholic women and the comparison group.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of neoplasms in ages 0-19 y in parts of Sweden with high 137Cs fallout after the Chernobyl accident.

The incidence of neoplasms in childhood and adolescence in northern and central Sweden before and after the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident was investigated in an ecologic study, 1978 to 1992. The study included all parishes in the six most contaminated counties classified after aerial mapping of ground radiation from 137Cs and investigated 746 cases of neoplasms in ages 0-19 y, diagnosed in the six counties. Incidence and relative risks of neoplasms were compared in areas with high, intermediate, and low contamination after versus before the Chernobyl accident in 1986. A continuous increase of brain tumor incidence in the ages 0-19 y during the period 1978-92 without clear relationship to the Chernobyl fallout was discovered. No clear relationship between the incidence of brain tumor and the exposure to varying levels of radiation from 137Cs was apparent. A somewhat decreased relative risk of acute lymphatic leukemia appeared in areas with increased exposure. Other neoplasms showed no changes in incidence over time or with regard to exposure. Until now, there is no indication that the Chernobyl accident has affected the incidence of childhood and adolescence neoplasms in Sweden, but it is still too early for any final conclusion about the effect of this event.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Increased concentrations of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cases with breast cancer--results from a case-control study.

Organochlorines are persistent and highly lipophilic environmental contaminants which bioaccumulate in the food chain. Some of these chemicals, 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been suggested to be of significance in the aetiology of breast cancer. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an anti-oestrogen in animal studies and should be thus lower the risk of breast cancer. The other isomers of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) or the chemically related polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) have not been tested regarding carcinogenesis of the breast. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PCDDs or PCDFs influence the risk for breast cancer. Consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a breast disease between 1993 and 1995 were recruited for the study. Cases were 22 patients with infiltrative breast cancer and controls were 19 patients operated for a benign breast disease during the same time period. Approximately 10 g of breast tissue free from tumour was taken from the specimen and frozen until analysis. Fat was extracted, cleaned and analysed with a high-resolution gas chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Median concentrations of octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) were 598 (170-14,880) and 396 (103-1,847) pg/g lipid in the cases and in the controls, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for other risk factors for breast cancer increased odds ratio (OR) was obtained for OCDD: 401-1000 pg/g lipid yielded OR 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-39, > 1000 pg/g lipid gave OR 5.2, CI 0.4-72. When the lipid OCDD variable was examined as a continuous risk factor there was a 1.09 (9%), CI 0.95-1.25, increase in the adjusted OR for breast cancer per 100 unit (pg/g lipid) increase in OCDD. No differences were found between cases and controls for the other six tested PCDDs. Mean concentration of TCDD was in the cases 3.6 (1.0-7.9) and in the controls 3.3 (1.1-6.3) pg/g lipid. For PCDFs no significant differences were found between cases and controls. The results were not changed if oestrogen or progesterone receptor status, S-phase fraction and DNA ploidy were considered. Breast tissue concentration of OCDD was increased in cancer patients, whereas the concentrations of other PCDDs and PCDFs were equal in cases and controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Supercritical fluid extraction of PCBs from human adipose tissue for HRGC/LRMS analysis.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of 36 PCBs from human adipose is presented. Selective extraction of the PCBs is achieved using supercritical CO2 with a density of 0.9 g/ml (281 bar) at 40 degrees C and with AlOx as a fat retainer. Compared to the traditional liquid extraction method followed by further sample clean up, SFE is not only faster (2 hours compared to three days) but also utilises lower amounts of organic solvents (4 ml compared to over 500 ml). The recoveries of 7 added 13C labelled PCBs are 83-106%. The repeatability in the analysis of 36 PCBs in 6 identical samples is excellent, with an average R.S.D. of less than 10%.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Occupational and other risk factors for clinically overt familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

Amyloidosis is associated with the deposition of amyloid substance in various tissues of the body. In several forms of familial amyloid polyneuropathy, mutated transthyretin is the main fibril component. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with onset in adult life, but few carriers develop symptoms. The aim of the present investigation was to screen for additional factors that might be necessary for the development of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. We conducted a case-control study involving 51 male and 30 female cases of clinically overt familial amyloid polyneuropathy and 306 male and 317 female population controls. We considered occupational exposures, disease histories, and medical treatments as potential determinants of risk for clinically overt disease. We found an odds ratio of 5.4 for dressmakers. Low and high levels of exposure to organic solvents resulted in an odds ratio of 2.1 and 11.8, respectively. A history of prostatic hyperplasia, cholecystic disease, or appendectomy was also a risk factor, possibly as a consequence of anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Levels of selenium in plasma and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in patients with prostate cancer or benign hyperplasia.

Plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes were analysed in a case-control study encompassing 164 cases with prostate cancer and 152 controls with benign prostate hyperplasia. Plasma selenium levels were divided into three groups; I > 1.17, II 1.00-1.17 and III < 1.00 mumol/l. For the 124 cases with no supplementary intake of selenium pills, the mean plasma selenium level was 0.99 (range 0.27-1.47) and for the corresponding 121 controls 1.08 (range 0.52-1.50) mumol/l, a difference which was significant (P = 0.0007). The three categories of selenium levels had odds ratios (OR) of 0.3 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.1-0.7 for group I, an OR of 0.6 and a CI of 0.3-1.1 for group II, and group III was used as the reference entity. No significant differences in levels of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes were found between cases and controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Adipose tissue concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and in patients without a malignant disease.

Concentrations of dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) were analysed in adipose tissue from seven patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and 12 surgical patients without a malignant disease. All cases in the first group had reported potential exposure to PCDD and PCDF. Of the analysed congeners significantly higher concentrations of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodioxin, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodioxin, and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran were found in the cases with lymphoproliferative diseases compared with the patients in the other group. Higher mean concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was also found in the first group but not significantly so. Toxic equivalents of PCDD and PCDF were significantly higher in the first group (mean 64.7 pg/g, range 19.9-187) than in the second group (mean 29.7 pg/g, range 12.9-53.4). Even if the cases with lymphoproliferative diseases in this case series were potentially exposed to PCDD/PCDF in contrast to the other group, the observed differences may be of may be of interest in relation to the aetiology of these malignancies. Immunosuppression increases the risk for malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, and PCDD/PCDF have established immunotoxic properties.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and the risk of malignant diseases--an evaluation of epidemiological and experimental findings.

Epidemiological and experimental studies concerning extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and malignant diseases published up to 1 July 1994 were evaluated to assess the possible carcinogenicity of electromagnetic fields and the scientific basis for environmental and occupational standard setting. We concluded that there are possible associations between (i) an increased risk of leukaemia in children and the existence of, or distance to, power lines in the vicinity of their residence, (ii) an increased risk of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and occupational exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields and (iii) an increased risk of breast cancer, malignant melanoma of the skin, nervous system tumours, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphatic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia and certain occupations. There is no scientific basis for occupational or environmental standard setting for low frequency electric or magnetic fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Occupation and female papillary cancer of the thyroid.

This article presents the joint results of two Swedish case-control studies regarding occupational exposure and female papillary thyroid cancer. Questionnaires inquiring about lifetime occupations and specific occupational exposures were mailed to cases and controls, aged 20 to 70 years. Some 185 female papillary or mixed cancer cases and 426 female controls were included in the analysis. Increased risks were seen for women who had worked as a dentist/dental assistant, teacher, shoemaker, or warehouse worker. In addition, occupational contacts with undefined chemicals, x-rays, or video display terminals were indicated as risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids, chlorophenols, or organic solvents in relation to histopathology, stage, and anatomical localization of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Results on 105 cases with histopathologically confirmed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 335 controls from a previously published case-control study on malignant lymphoma are presented together with some extended analyses. No occupation was a risk factor for NHL. Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids yielded, in the univariate analysis, an odds ratio of 5.5 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.7-11. Most cases and controls were exposed to a commercial mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Exposure to chlorophenols gave an odds ratio of 4.8 (2.7-8.8) with pentachlorophenol being the most common type. Exposure to organic solvents yielded an odds ratio of 2.4 (1.4-3.9). These results were not significantly changed in the multivariate analysis. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, asbestos, smoking, and oral snuff were not associated with an increased risk for NHL. The results regarding increased risk for NHL following exposure to phenoxyacetic acids, chlorophenols, or organic solvents were not affected by histopathological type, disease stage, or anatomical site of disease presentation. Median survival was somewhat longer in cases exposed to organic solvents than the rest. This was explained by more prevalent exposure to organic solvents in the group of cases with good prognosis NHL histopathology.

Acetates↗
PubMed1994

Levels of cadmium, zinc and copper in renal cell carcinoma and normal kidney.

Levels (microgram/g dry weight) of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were determined in kidneys with renal cell carcinoma from 20 male and 11 female patients. Autopsied kidneys from nine males and eight females who had died of nonmalignant diseases were used as controls. The mean levels in cortex of Cd was in cases 103.2 and in controls 79.9 (not significantly different). For non-smoking cases, mean level of Cd in cortex was somewhat lower than in the controls. No significant differences were found between cases and controls for Cd levels in the medulla. Zn in cortex was significantly lower in the cases aged > or = 69 years (mean 182.0) than in the corresponding controls (mean 237.6). Zn in medulla was significantly lower in all cases (mean 103.5) than in controls (mean 162.2). The mean level of Cu in the medulla in cases was 10.7 and in controls 13.0 (P = 0.05). No differences were found for Cu levels in cortex.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Medical diagnostic and therapeutic ionizing radiation and the risk for thyroid cancer: a case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate exposure to diagnostic and therapeutic ionizing radiation as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. This case-control study encompassed 180 women and men with thyroid cancer, aged 20-70 years at the time of diagnoses in 1980-89. From the National Population Registry 360 controls were selected. The response rate was 95% for the cases and 90% for the controls. Thyroid radiation dose from medical and dental X-ray examinations was divided into three categories. The highest exposure category (> 0.59 mGy) yielded an odds ratio (OR) for women < or = 50 years of age of 2.7 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.2-6.6. OR increased to 4.9 (CI = 1.6-16) if papillary cancer alone was considered in this age group. For women aged > 50 years and for men no significantly increased risks were seen. External radiotherapy yielded OR = 3.1 (CI = 0.9-12) and for women only OR = 4.9 (CI = 1.1-24). In papillary thyroid cancer, logistic regression gave increased risk for X-ray examinations with a thyroid dose > 0.59 mGy (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.0-6.9) and for external radiotherapy (OR = 2.7, CI = 0.4-16). No increased risk was found for exposure to 131I. The findings in this study indicated an association between diagnostic or therapeutic radiation and thyroid cancer in women, but may have been influenced by recall bias.

Adult↗