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Biomedical subjects

L Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to L Hansson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Glycosylation of bile-salt-stimulated lipase from human milk: comparison of native and recombinant forms.

Bile-salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) is an enzyme present in human milk. BSSL is important for fat digestion in infants. It contains one site for N-glycosylation and a serine/threonine-rich domain which is highly O-glycosylated. Both N- and O-linked sugar chains were studied on native BSSL from three donors and compared to the glycosylation of recombinant BSSL produced in Chinese hamster ovary or mouse fibroblast (C-127) cell lines. The carbohydrate composition of oligosaccharides was mapped using sugar and methylation analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and different separation techniques. Native BSSL was found to be highly glycosylated (19-26%). It contained a high amount of fucosylated oligosaccharides and expressed both Lewis a and Lewis b blood group antigens. None of the recombinant BSSL forms contained fucose. N-linked structures on native BSSL were identified as mainly mono- and disialylated biantennary complex type structures with or without fucose substitution. High-pH anion-exchange chromatography analysis indicated that the recombinant forms of BSSL contained similar types of N-glycan structures differing mainly in their content of sialic acid and by the absence of fucose residues. Native BSSL contained predominantly large O-linked oligosaccharides. This was in contrast to the recombinant forms of BSSL which contained mainly short type O-glycans with a high content of sialic acid. Interestingly, the estimated number of O-glycans attached to native BSSL was lower than that for the recombinant forms.

Antigens↗
PubMed1997

Expression and characterization of phosphorylated recombinant human beta-casein in Escherichia coli.

Specific serine and threonine residues of recombinant human beta-casein produced in Escherichia coli were shown to be phosphorylated in vivo when human casein kinase II was coexpressed in the same plasmid. All of the phosphorylated forms found in the native protein were also detected in the recombinant protein. The phosphorylation of recombinant human beta-casein was confirmed by immunoblots, fast protein liquid chromatography, urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the substrate specificity of casein kinase II in vivo was unaffected in its recombinant form. This is the first demonstration of in vivo phosphorylation of specific residues of a multiphosphorylated protein produced in E. coli with a single plasmid.

Casein Kinase II↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of meta-analyses of therapeutic studies on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.

In recent years several meta-analyses have been performed of studies in which the effect of various antihypertensive therapies on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been assessed. It is the purpose of this review to briefly discuss three of these meta-analyses. All data in the reviewed studies have been obtained with the echocardiographic technique.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

The Nordic Comparative Study on Sectorized Psychiatry. Part V. Contact rates, contact patterns and care level at index contact.

As part of a Nordic comparative study on sectorized psychiatry in seven Nordic catchment areas, a prospective investigation of contact rates of new patients and pathways to the psychiatric services was performed. The results showed that there was more than a twofold difference between the services in the total contact rates. Regarding diagnostic groups, contact rates for neurosis were predominant in three of the services, while adjustment disorders, dependencies and personality disorders were predominant in other the services. The contact rate of functional psychosis, as well as the ratio of psychotic patients to the total contact rate were highest in two catchment areas serving inner parts of big cities. The most common way of getting into contact with the services was by self-referral, 39.4% of total referrals, followed by primary care referrals, although there were large differences between the services. Psychotic patients made contact with the services to a significantly less extent by self-referral. The majority of patients were treated in outpatient care at entry to the services, with a large variation between the services. It was also found that inpatient care at index contact was predicted by clinical characteristics-a diagnosis of psychosis and a history of former inpatient care-as well as by social characteristics-male, widowed or divorced, sick pension/old age pension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of cardiovascular risk profile between male employees of two automotives companies in France and Sweden. The Coeur Project Group.

To determine whether or not the lower rate of coronary disease in France, in comparison with Sweden, might be explained by different cardiovascular risk profiles, a cross-sectional analysis (first step of a longitudinal study) of comparable samples of automotive workers was carried out in corporate occupational health clinics of Renault and Volvo. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated and the Framingham coronary risk was estimated for 1000 randomly selected 45-50 years old Caucasian males from each company. Compared with the Frenchmen, the Swedish men consisted of more white collar workers and were slightly older. After adjustment for age and blue/white collar status, the Swedish men showed lower body mass indexes, waist to hip rations and heart rates, lower frequency of treatment of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes than the Frenchmen. The Swedish males also exhibited higher averages of blood cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and glucose, but lower frequencies of hypercholestrolemia and diabetes, and a higher frequency of family histories of cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure, hypertension prevalence, triglycerides level, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) did not differ between the groups. The average number of traditional risk factors was 1.1/person for the Frenchmen and 0.8/person for the Swedes. However, the coronary risk as estimated using the Framingham index was not different between the groups. This, together with the more frequent family history of cardiovascular disease in Swedish men, suggests a lower susceptibility to risk factors as a possible explanation for the lower cardiovascular disease prevalence reported in France, and/or the possibility that factors not measured were involved.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Recombinant human extracellular superoxide dismutase produced in milk of transgenic rabbits.

Expression of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a glycosylated, tetrameric metalloprotein, was targeted to the lactating mammary gland of transgenic rabbits. Efficient expression of the recombinant whey acidic protein/ec-sod gene was achieved and up to 3 mg ml-1 of the enzyme was secreted into the milk. Rabbit milk-produced recombinant EC-SOD was primarily found in the whey and purified by a two-step chromatographic method. To evaluate the rabbit milk-produced human EC-SOD, comparisons with native and Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO)-produced EC-SOD were performed. All proteins were tetrameric and N-glycosylated. The behaviour on SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography indicated that the masses, and thereby the extent of post-translational modification of the proteins was similar. The monosaccharide composition of both recombinant EC-SOD variants was analysed and indicated similarities in the attached N-glycans on the two proteins. Furthermore, the peptide maps of the three EC-SOD variants revealed that all proteins had similar polypeptide backbones.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Diet and the risk of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in Sweden and Norway.

A population-based case-control study was conducted in two regions of Sweden and Norway to investigate the association between dietary habits and the risk of thyroid cancer. The consumption of selected foods was reported in a self-completed food-frequency questionnaire by 246 cases with histologically confirmed papillary (n = 209) and follicular (n = 37) thyroid carcinoma, and 440 age- and gender-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95 percent confidence interval (CI) were calculated as estimates of the relative risk using conditional logistic regression. High consumption of butter (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.1-2.5) and cheese (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.0-2.4) was associated with increased risks. Residence in areas of endemic goiter in Sweden was associated with an elevated risk, especially among women (OR = 2.5, CI = 1.3-4.9). High consumption of cruciferous vegetables was associated with increased risk only in persons who ever lived in such areas. A decreased risk was associated with consumption of iodized salt in northern Norway, and with use of iodized salt during adolescence among women (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.6-1.0). The results of this study suggest a role of diet and environment in the risk of thyroid cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Glucose and insulin levels in young subjects with different maternal histories of hypertension: the Hypertension in Pregnancy Offspring Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse whether hypertension during pregnancy is associated with early signs of impaired glucose metabolism in the offspring. DESIGN: Longitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up. SETTING: University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six children were born to mothers with hypertension in pregnancy. The children were divided into two groups according to their mothers' blood pressure at follow-up 7-12 years after pregnancy. Nineteen children had hypertensive mothers (HT), while 17 children had normotensive mothers at follow-up (NT). A control group (C) comprised 16 children, who were born after normotensive pregnancies to mothers who remained normotensive. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose was significantly higher in HT than in NT (5.2 vs. 4.9 mmol L-1; P < 0.05). In C fasting glucose was 5.1 mmol L-1. The same trend was seen for fasting insulin in HT. NT and C, respectively (6.7 vs. 4.7 vs. 5.3 microU mL-1). The C-peptide level was 1.61, 155 and 1.64 ng mL-1, respectively. Calculated insulin resistance was 1.5 in HT. 1.0 in NT and 1.2 in C. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that hypertension during pregnancy may be associated with impaired glucose metabolism and elevated fasting glucose levels in the offspring during adolescence.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1997

Underestimation of the true benefits of antihypertensive treatment: an assessment of some important sources of error.

The treatment of arterial hypertension is based on results from several large prospective randomized intervention trials that demonstrated significant benefits from antihypertensive therapy in terms of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly from strokes, but also from myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and other vascular or renal complications. Nonetheless, it is obvious that such studies, for a number of reasons, underestimate the true benefit of lowering elevated arterial pressure. Active treatment given to patients allocated randomly to be administered placebo is an important factor, particularly since active treatment is given preferentially to the placebo patients with the highest risk. Recruitment of low-risk patients into studies is another reason for the underestimation of benefit. Moreover, significant loss of patients to follow-up plays a role. Two recent epidemiological surveys, in Framingham and Göteborg, showed markedly beneficial blood pressure-related changes in those populations, suggesting that the long-term effects of antihypertensive therapy may in fact have been underestimated by intervention studies

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1997

Should a modern antihypertensive drug possess cardioprotective properties?

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: Treatment of hypertension has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This is especially true for the beneficial effect against stroke. The protective effects against coronary heart disease have also been significant but numerically less impressive than the effect against stroke. It is conceivable that a modern drug should possess cardioprotective properties in order to achieve a better protection against coronary heart disease. EFFECTS OF MIBEFRADIL: The novel calcium antagonist mibefradil, which blocks both transient (T) and long-lasting (L) calcium channels, has a hemodynamic profile which may have cardioprotective properties. Mibefradil reduces arterial pressure by a vasodilating effect with little or no effect on cardiac output. Recently reported effects of antihypertensive treatment with a calcium antagonist on stroke morbidity in the European trial on systolic hypertension (Syst-Eur) have confirmed previous findings with a calcium antagonist in the Shanghai Trial Of Nifedipine in the Elderly (STONE). Thus the pharmacodynamic profile of mibefradil might offer additional cardioprotective benefit. This possibility deserves assessment in a proper prospective intervention study.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1997

Psychiatric morbidity in primary public health care: a multicentre investigation. Part II. Hidden morbidity and choice of treatment.

A total of 1,281 patients were examined during consultation with their GP in a Nordic multicentre study focusing on the prevalence of psychiatric illness, hidden psychiatric morbidity, treatment and pathways to specialized care. The methodology and prevalence were reported in an accompanying paper. The present paper presents results concerning the variables hidden psychiatric morbidity, treatment and pathways to specialized care. The GPs detected 44% of the psychiatric cases compared with the result of a diagnostic interview (PSE). The distinction between psychosis and non-psychosis did not influence the GPs' ability to detect a mental illness. According to the GPs' assessment the majority of patients suffering from a mental disorder consulted their GP about physical complaints. The GPs treated the patients themselves, and only a limited number of cases were referred to psychiatrists or psychologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Relationships between characteristics of the ward atmosphere and treatment outcome in a psychiatric day-care unit based on occupational therapy.

The relationships between characteristics of the ward atmosphere and treatment outcome in a psychiatric day-care unit were investigated. The treatment programme was based on occupational group therapy and included long-term mentally ill patients, equally distributed with regard to psychosis and non-psychosis diagnoses. The ward atmosphere was rated on the Community-Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES), and outcome variables concerned symptoms, global mental health, quality of life, and functioning in daily life. The COPES ratings were re-coded in order to control for the fact that different levels of ward atmosphere factors are recommended for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. The results revealed that an optimal initial level of anger and aggression in treatment was significantly associated with improvement in global mental health and functioning in everyday life. Initial optimal levels of staff control and practical orientation were significantly associated with improvement in psychiatric symptoms. The characteristics of the ward atmosphere at the end of the treatment period were significantly correlated with various aspects of functioning in daily life. The study demonstrated associations with outcome variables not previously linked with ward atmosphere characteristics, e.g. functioning in daily life and quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Issues in the treatment of hypertension: current and future perspectives.

The benefits of lowering elevated arterial blood pressure have been documented in many intervention trials. Initially, such studies included only patients with malignant hypertension, and very convincing improvements in the 5-year survival rate were demonstrated in several reports. Subsequent large-scale intervention studies included patients with non-malignant forms of hypertension. Again, significant improvements in cardiovascular morbidity and/or mortality were shown. Recent epidemiological data from the USA and Sweden suggest that the pattern of hypertension and its associated morbidity is changing, probably due to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The aims of this review are to describe some of the important steps that have been taken in the area of hypertension over the last few decades and to try to evaluate the status of current antihypertensive therapies. Particular emphasis will be given to discussing some of the issues and questions that are currently under investigation, for example the status of novel therapies, such as calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and the issue of the level to which blood pressure should be lowered in order to extract the maximum benefit from antihypertensive treatment. Some of the ongoing large-scale intervention trials in hypertension will also be reviewed.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

Patients with mental illness in primary health care. A long-term follow-up of health care utilization and contact patterns with psychiatric care.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term follow-up of the use of health care services in patients with a mental illness identified in primary care. A 10-year follow-up of all health care utilization in five 1-year cohorts of patients with a mental illness identified in primary health care services of a Swedish health care district. PATIENTS: 1167 (408 males, 759 females) with mental illness. RESULTS: A total of 27.1% of the patients were in contact with psychiatric services during follow-up. The strongest associations with contact with psychiatric services concerned age (younger) and diagnosis (dependence, affective psychosis). Patients with a diagnosis of psychosis had the highest utilization of psychiatric services. Patients in contact with psychiatric care had a higher consumption of primary health care and of somatic outpatient and inpatient care. A subgroup identified as high consumers consumed 44% of the total health care resources used by the cohort. CONCLUSION: The use of health care services was very skewed. Patients in contact with psychiatric services were more frequent users of other medical services.

Adolescent↗