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L Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to L Hansson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Influence of glutathione metabolising enzymes in rats with gram-negative sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of glutathione metabolising enzymes in rats with Gram-negative sepsis. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. ANIMALS: 61 male Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Animals were divided into two groups, one of which was given tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), a powerful inducer of glutathione metabolising enzymes. A gelatine capsule containing bacteria and adjuvant substances was placed in the abdomen. In one group it contained only adjuvant substances, and the controls underwent sham laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activities of glutathione metabolising enzymes, and histological effect on pulmonary tissue. RESULTS: Activities of glutathione metabolising enzymes were reduced in lung tissue after the induction of sepsis. Pre-treatment with BHA increased enzyme activity and reduced the histological changes. CONCLUSION: Glutathione metabolising enzymes may have a role in sepsis, and pre-treatment with BHA seems to prevent histological changes in pulmonary tissue in septic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Operations for extrahepatic bile duct cancers: are the results really improving?

OBJECTIVE: To find out if our results for the treatment of extrahepatic bile duct cancer have improved we reviewed our latest patients as a comparison to a previously reported series from this department. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 102 patients who presented with extrahepatic bile duct cancer 1979-1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morbidity, mortality, and short and long term survival. RESULTS: 16 patients had various types of resection, which were radical in 14 according to the surgeon and in 10 according to the pathologist. One patient (6%) died in hospital, and 1 (44%) developed complications. 13 patients had other operations that did not involve resection, 23 had laparotomy alone, 61 had biliary drainage either by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or endoscopy, and 10 had no active treatment. One patient of the 16 (6%) who had resections has survived for more than five years and another one is still alive after 40 months. CONCLUSION: Long term survival has not improved for patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer in our hospital during the last decades.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Influence of gender and age on preventing cardiovascular disease by antihypertensive treatment and acetylsalicylic acid. The HOT study. Hypertension Optimal Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: We have assessed the influence of gender and age on the main outcome results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) study. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: The aims of the HOT study were to study the relationship between three levels of target office diastolic blood pressure (BP) (< or = 90, < or = 85 or < or = 80 mmHg) and cardiovascular (CV) events in hypertensive patients, and to examine the effects of 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily versus placebo. SETTING: Outpatient clinical trial in 26 countries. PATIENTS: A total of 18790 patients (mean age 61.5 years, range 50-80) were randomized and followed for an average of 3.8 years until 71051 patient-years and 683 events had occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: CV death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer MIs in those in the lower diastolic BP target groups (3.0 versus 1.2 and 1.7 MIs/1000 patient-years, P for trend = 0.034) in women (n = 8883), whereas the similar but smaller trend (4.1 versus 4.1 and 3.4 MIs/1000 patient-years) was not statistically significant in men nor in the subgroup analysis of younger and older subjects. The effect of ASA on preventing MI was not influenced by age < 65 years (P= 0.02) or age > or = 65 years (P = 0.04) but was influenced by gender (P = 0.38 in women and P = 0.001 in men, lowered by 42% corresponding to a reduction from 5.0 to 2.9 MIs/1000 patient-years). CONCLUSIONS: The data of this HOT study sub-analysis suggest somewhat differentiated optimal gender- and age-dependent effects of anti-hypertensive and anti-platelet therapies; lowering of diastolic BP to about 80 mmHg in hypertensive women and, in addition, the administration of 75 mg of ASA to well-treated hypertensive men appear to effectively reduce the most common cardiovascular complication, i.e. myocardial infarction, in patients with essential hypertension.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of treating hypertension in elderly diabetic patients, in terms of achieving reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, have been documented in several recent prospective trials. There has, however, been some controversy regarding the effect of different antihypertensive drugs on the frequency of myocardial infarction in this group of patients. DESIGN: STOP Hypertension-2 was a prospective, randomized, open trial with blinded endpoint evaluation. METHODS: We studied 6614 elderly patients aged 70-84 years; 719 of them had diabetes mellitus at the start of the study (mean age 75.8 years). Patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment strategies: conventional antihypertensive drugs (diuretics or beta-blockers), calcium antagonists, or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. RESULTS: Reduction in blood pressure was similar in the three treatment groups of diabetics. The prevention of cardiovascular mortality was also similar; the frequency of this primary endpoint did not differ significantly between the three groups. There were, however, significantly fewer (P = 0.025) myocardial infarctions during ACE inhibitor treatment (n = 17) than during calcium antagonist treatment (n = 32; relative risk 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.92); but a (non-significant) tendency to more strokes during ACE inhibitor treatment (n = 34 compared with n = 29; relative risk 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.91). CONCLUSION: Treatment of hypertensive diabetic patients with conventional antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, beta-blockers, or both) seemed to be as effective as treatment with newer drugs such as calcium antagonists or ACE inhibitors.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Family burden, participation in care and mental health--an 11-year comparison of the situation of relatives to compulsorily and voluntarily admitted patients.

SUMMARY The changes in family burden and participation in care of relatives to both voluntarily and compulsorily admitted patients were investigated as part of a longitudinal study of the quality of the mental health services in a Swedish county performed between 1986 and 1997. The relationship between the relative's mental health and family burden, participation in care and need of own support was also investigated. The results showed similar and high levels of burden and a non-sufficient participation in care in both periods investigated despite the ongoing changes in the delivery of psychiatric services and a change in the compulsory legislation in Sweden during the period. More relatives experienced an own need of care and support from the psychiatric services in the 1997 investigation. Relatives who experienced mental health problems of their own more often experienced other forms of burden, experienced less participation in the patient's treatment and also more often had own needs of care and support. It is concluded that interventions in families where relatives experience mental health problems will be useful, since a well-functioning network around the mentally ill person has shown to reduce relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): baseline characteristics.

The Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) is a multi-centre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary objective of SCOPE is to assess the effect of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, candesartan cilexetil 8-16 mg once daily, on major cardiovascular events in elderly patients (70-89 years of age) with mild hypertension (DBP 90-99 and/or SBP 160-179 mmHg). The secondary objectives of the study are to test the hypothesis that antihypertensive therapy can prevent cognitive decline (as measured by the Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE) and dementia, and to assess the effect of therapy on total mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, renal function, and hospitalization. A total of 4964 patients from 15 participating countries were recruited during the randomization phase of SCOPE, exceeding the target population of 4000. The mean age of the patients at enrolment was 76 years, the ratio of male to female patients was approximately 1:2, and 52% of patients were already being treated with an antihypertensive agent at enrolment. The majority of patients (88%) were educated to at least primary school level. At randomization, mean sitting blood pressure values were SBP 166 mmHg and DBP 90 mmHg, and the mean MMSE score was 28. Previous cardiovascular disease in the study population included myocardial infarction (4%), stroke (4%) and atrial fibrillation (4%). Men, more often than women, had a history of previous MI, stroke and atrial fibrillation. A greater percentage of men were smokers (13% vs 6% in women) and had attended university (11% vs 3% of women). Of the randomized patients, 21% were 80 years of age. In this age group smoking was less common (4% vs 10% for 70-79-year-olds) and fewer had attended university (4% vs 7% for 70-79-year-olds). The incidence of MI was similar in both age groups. However, stroke and atrial fibrillation had occurred approximately twice as frequently in the older patients. The patients' mean age at baseline was similar in the participating countries, and most countries showed the approximate 1:2 ratio for male to female patients. There was also little inter-country variation in terms of mean SBP, DBP or MMSE score. However, there was considerable regional variation in the percentage of patients on therapy prior to enrolment.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Results of the STOP-Hypertension-2 trial.

The second Swedish Trial in Old patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension-2) was conducted to compare the effects of "newer" antihypertensive therapies (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors and calcium antagonists) and established therapies (beta-blockers and diuretics) on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in elderly hypertensive patients. A total of 6614 patients were randomized to receive conventional treatment, ACE inhibitors or calcium antagonists, and followed for a mean of 5 years. The primary endpoint was a combination of fatal stroke, fatal myocardial infarction and other fatal cardiovascular disease; secondary endpoints were a combination of fatal or non-fatal stroke or myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular mortality. The three treatments produced similar reductions in supine systolic blood pressure. There were no significant differences in the risk of cardiovascular events between patients receiving conventional therapy and those receiving newer therapies. All three treatments were well tolerated. The STOP-Hypertension-2 results thus add to the extensive literature showing the benefits of blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients. Moreover, they are consistent with current management guidelines which emphasise the importance of the achieved blood pressure reduction in the prevention of cardiovascular events.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of new antihypertensive drugs has been questioned. We compared the effects of conventional and newer antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in elderly patients. METHODS: We did a prospective, randomised trial in 6614 patients aged 70-84 years with hypertension (blood pressure > or = 180 mm Hg systolic, > or = 105 mm Hg diastolic, or both). Patients were randomly assigned conventional antihypertensive drugs (atenolol 50 mg, metoprolol 100 mg, pindolol 5 mg, or hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus amiloride 2.5 mg daily) or newer drugs (enalapril 10 mg or lisinopril 10 mg, or felodipine 2.5 mg or isradipine 2-5 mg daily). We assessed fatal stroke, fatal myocardial infarction, and other fatal cardiovascular disease. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Blood pressure was decreased similarly in all treatment groups. The primary combined endpoint of fatal stroke, fatal myocardial infarction, and other fatal cardiovascular disease occurred in 221 of 2213 patients in the conventional drugs group (19.8 events per 1000 patient-years) and in 438 of 4401 in the newer drugs group (19.8 per 1000; relative risk 0.99 [95% CI 0.84-1.16], p=0.89). The combined endpoint of fatal and non-fatal stroke, fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular mortality occurred in 460 patients taking conventional drugs and in 887 taking newer drugs (0.96 [0.86-1.08], p=0.49). INTERPRETATION: Old and new antihypertensive drugs were similar in prevention of cardiovascular mortality or major events. Decrease in blood pressure was of major importance for the prevention of cardiovascular events.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been used for more than a decade to treat high blood pressure, despite the lack of data from randomised intervention trials to show that such treatment affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) is a randomised intervention trial to compare the effects of ACE inhibition and conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS: CAPPP was a prospective, randomised, open trial with blinded endpoint evaluation. 10,985 patients were enrolled at 536 health centres in Sweden and Finland. Patients aged 25-66 years with a measured diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or more on two occasions were randomly assigned captopril or conventional antihypertensive treatment (diuretics, beta-blockers). Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary endpoint was a composite of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular deaths. FINDINGS: Of 5492 patients assigned captopril and 5493 assigned conventional therapy, 14 and 13, respectively, were lost to follow-up. Primary endpoint events occurred in 363 patients in the captopril group (11.1 per 1000 patient-years) and 335 in the conventional-treatment group (10.2 per 1000 patient-years; relative risk 1.05 [95% CI 0.90-1.22], p=0-52). Cardiovascular mortality was lower with captopril than with conventional treatment (76 vs 95 events; relative risk 0.77 [0.57-1-04], p=0.092), the rate of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction was similar (162 vs 161), but fatal and non-fatal stroke was more common with captopril (189 vs 148; 1.25 [1-01-1-55]. p=0.044). INTERPRETATION: Captopril and conventional treatment did not differ in efficacy in preventing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The difference in stroke risk is probably due to the lower levels of blood pressure obtained initially in previously treated patients randomised to conventional therapy.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗