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Biomedical subjects

L Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to L Hansson.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic accumulation of neutrophils in lungs and visceral organs during early abdominal sepsis in the pig.

Activation and accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils) in the lungs is considered an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of pulmonary dysfunction in association with sepsis. It probably constitutes only part of a general cellular response; and a corresponding reaction has been implicated in other organs during sepsis (e.g., the liver). In this experiment a model was developed that allows study of the dynamic PMN reaction in the lungs and visceral organs during early abdominal sepsis. The animals were divided into two groups. In the septic group (n = 8) a bacterial challenge was attempted through the intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli (1 x 10(11)/kg). Five animals served as controls. All animals in the septic group developed bacteremia, leukopenia, and a hypodynamic circulatory response. PMNs were selectively labeled with 111In-oxine. The activity over the organs was followed dynamically with a gamma camera. The animals subjected to peritonitis exhibited a significant increase in 111In-oxine activity (i.e., neutrophil trapping) in the lungs, compared to the controls at 40 minutes and onward during the observation period. A similar picture was seen over the liver and abdomen, with significance after 70 minutes. The findings in this study indicate that accumulation of PMNs is an early phenomenon not only in the lungs but also in the liver during the development of sepsis. The present model offers possibilities for further studies of the cellular reactions during sepsis.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-ortho PCB levels in various fish species from the east and west coast of Sweden.

Non-ortho (coplanar) PCBs 77, 126 and 169 were determined in a number of fish species from the Swedish coastal environment, using either supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) or the traditional liquid/liquid extraction followed by HPLC separation on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column prior to GC/MS analysis. While PCB 77 showed the highest concentration level, the TEQ value for PCB 126 was dominant in virtually all the samples analysed. The toxic equivalents, however, indicated some differences in analytical data between 1990 and 1992/93 but these are not significant probably owing to the short period in between.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in human milk from Swedish mothers.

Ten human milk samples, collected from two towns, Uppsala and Sundsvall, in Sweden in 1994 were analysed for selected chlorinated pesticides (HCB, alpha- and gamma-HCH, DDT, DDD and DDE) and PCB congeners (PCBs 28, 77, 101, 105, 118, 126, 138, 153, 156, 158, 167, 169 and 180), PCDDs and PCDFs. The levels found in this study, including the toxic equivalent (TEQ) values, showed a slight downward trend between 1986 and 1994 and are somewhat lower than levels reported from other countries. The contribution of both the mono- and non-ortho PCBs, together with that of PCDD/Fs to the total TEQ values was assessed. Over 70% of the TCDD equivalents was derived from PCBs, PCB 126 being the major contributor. Other high PCB contributors were PCBs 156 and 118. The levels of HCB, alpha- and gamma-HCH, and sigma DDT were generally higher in Uppsala than in Sundsvall. They were, however, over 50% lower in 1990 than in 1986 and have since changed little. For the PCDD/Fs the results show a marked decrease (ca 50%) in levels between 1986 and 1994. There is an indication that PCB 153 and PCB 126 may be good indicators for total PCB and TEQ levels respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between helping alliance and outcome in outpatient treatment of alcoholics: a comparative study of psychiatric treatment and multimodal behavioural therapy.

During the last decades, a positive relation between a good alliance and a successful therapy outcome has been demonstrated across a variety of different therapeutic modalities. The relationship between alliance and drinking outcomes in long-term treatment of alcoholics (12 months or more) has not, as far as we know, been presented. In the present study, alcoholics were randomized to two outpatient treatment programmes; multimodal behavioural therapy (MBT) and psychiatric treatment based on a psychodynamic approach (PT). As part of the study, analyses were performed concerning differences in alliance between the two treatment models (MBT, n = 17; PT, n = 18), and concerning the relationship between alliance and treatment outcome. A Swedish version of the Helping Alliance Questionnaire was used to measure alliance. All therapy sessions were tape-recorded. An independent researcher rated the patient's and therapist's contribution to the alliance at the third session (early alliance). Early patient and therapist alliances were not related to sociodemographic data or initial measures of alcohol severity, psychiatric symptoms, or personality structure in either therapy. Early therapist alliance was better in MBT in comparison with PT. For MBT patients, a significant positive correlation was found between early patient alliance and mood dimensions at 6 months. There were no significant positive correlations between early alliance and drinking outcome during the course of treatment and in the third year after start of treatment. Mood and drinking outcome also showed low correlations. In conclusion, an initial positive alliance seems insufficient to reduce alcohol misuse. The relationship between early alliance and improvement in alcohol misuse needs to be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positive relationship between the dosage of pindolol and its antihypertensive effect.

Pindolol was given once a day to 15 patients with mild to moderate hypertension to investigate whether once-daily dosage controls blood pressure for 24 h and whether a paradoxical rise in blood pressure occurs with increasing dosage. Placebo and pindolol, 10, 20, and 30 mg, were administered in double-blind or single-blind fashion. Blood pressure and heart rate were determined under identical and strictly standardized conditions 24-26 h after giving the last capsule. Blood pressure levels were significantly lower during all periods of active treatment compared with placebo levels. There was a clear relation between dosage of pindolol and its antihypertensive effect. These results demonstrate the pindolol can be given once daily in the treatment of hypertension and that a paradoxical rise of blood pressure does not occur with dosages up to 30 mg pindolol daily.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antihypertensive effect of prizidilol.

Prizidilol (SK&F 92657), a new combined precapillary vasodilator and nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was given to 19 patients with essential hypertension. Following placebo (4 weeks, single-blind), patients were randomly assigned to receive either 200 or 400 mg prizidilol once daily. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every second week for 12 weeks, 24 h after drug administration. In patients with inadequate blood pressure response the dosage was then increased to 400 mg twice daily for 4 additional weeks. In this study prizidilol given once daily did not effectively reduce systolic blood pressure for 24 h, but when given twice daily (400 mg X 2), it had an effective antihypertensive effect. Plasma concentrations of prizidilol were generally low 24 h after drug intake, and there was no significant correlation between blood pressure reduction and plasma concentration.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled trial of nifedipine and bendroflumethiazide in hypertension.

In a double-blind study 30 patients with mild or moderate (World Health Organization classification I or II) hypertension were treated with either nifedipine, 20 mg twice a day, or bendroflumethiazide, 2.5 mg (+0.57 g KCl) twice a day for 24 weeks. All patients were then given a combination of half the initial dosage of both drugs for an additional period of 6 weeks. Nifedipine caused a significant reduction of both supine and standing blood pressures (16/10 and 11/5 mm Hg, respectively). Bendroflumethiazide also reduced both recumbent and standing blood pressures significantly (15/10 and 11/10 mm Hg, respectively). Combined treatment with nifedipine and bendroflumethiazide caused a further reduction of both supine and standing blood pressures. The total reduction compared with placebo was 23/12 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and 17/11 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), respectively. There was no significant correlation between antihypertensive effect and age of patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pafenolol in hypertension: a double-blind randomized trial of a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocker.

The antihypertensive effect of pafenolol, a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and three times more selective than metoprolol, was evaluated. Twenty-three patients with essential hypertension, mean age 49 years (range 21-62), were randomized after a 4-week placebo run-in period (double-blind) to 4 weeks of either placebo, pafenolol 50 mg or 100 mg once daily. A submaximal exercise test was performed before and at the end of the treatment period. Pafenolol 50 mg and 100 mg significantly reduced recumbent and standing blood pressure compared with baseline with a mean reduction of 17/14 and 10/12 mm Hg on pafenolol 50 mg and 15/10 and 14/10 mm Hg on pafenolol 100 mg, respectively. Heart rate, both at rest and during exercise, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) on pafenolol 100 mg compared with placebo. The reduction in exercise heart rate (percent) was dose dependent and significantly correlated to the log plasma concentration of pafenolol (r = 0.60; p less than 0.05). It can be concluded that pafenolol had a clinically relevant antihypertensive effect when given once daily. No difference between 50 and 100 mg could be demonstrated, thus suggesting that 50 mg may be the preferred dose for antihypertensive treatment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in patients treated with nitrendipine.

Nitrendipine (BAY e 5009) is a new calcium channel blocker with a marked effect on excitation-contraction coupling in different types of muscle cells. It has many similarities to the established agent, nifedipine. In the present study, nitrendipine was evaluated in a double-blind within-patient comparison. Twelve patients with essential hypertension were given nitrendipine 20 mg or 40 mg orally for three weeks following a 1-week placebo period. After a second 1-week placebo period, there was a crossover to the alternative dosage (20 or 40 mg respectively), and active therapy was again given for 3 weeks. Both doses of nitrendipine caused a significant and equal reduction of arterial pressure, which persisted for at least 24 hours. Only the highest dose caused an increase in heart rate. There were a few reports of headaches, flushing, and palpitation, particularly after the 40 mg dose. There was a significant correlation between the reduction of mean arterial pressure and the log plasma concentration (20 mg: r = -0.88, p less than 0.01; 40 mg: r = -0.94, p less than 0.001). There was a linear relationship between the area under the curve and the oral dose, indicating that liver enzyme saturation had not occurred. There was no accumulation of nitrendipine in plasma during 3 weeks of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regression of structural cardiovascular changes by antihypertensive therapy.

Structural vascular changes, consisting mainly of smooth muscle cell hypertrophy of the arterioles, have been found in various hypertensive animal models as well as in hypertensive patients. Although such changes may be to some extent a primary phenomenon in primary or essential hypertension, there is ample proof that an elevation in arterial pressure over a period of time will cause hyperplasia of the media in the resistance vessels; thus, this change is secondary to the rise in pressure. Studies in various animal models have shown that such structural arteriolar changes are reversible if a long-term reduction in arterial pressure can be obtained. In hypertensive patients reversibility of such changes has been demonstrated in some vascular beds as a result of chronic antihypertensive therapy. However, no complete "normalization" has ever been shown, probably because of inadequate reduction of arterial pressure and perhaps also because long-standing hypertension induces fibrosis of the arteriolar media, which is less likely to be positively affected by a lowering of blood pressure. In humans, some vascular beds, for example, the muscle vessel bed of the calves, appear to be less suitable for the demonstration of regression of structural changes. This could be due to erect posture, which increases the transmural pressure in these vessels, since the effect of gravity is added to the intravascular pressure. Finally, it is conceivable that effects other than the reduction in arterial pressure could play a role. Thus, antihypertensive drugs with a vasodilating action appear to be more effective in reducing structural vascular changes than drugs that do not have a vasodilating effect, even if an identical degree of blood pressure reduction is obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The case for a greater blood pressure fall.

Several large intervention trials in hypertension have shown that treated hypertensive patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in spite of being treated. One possible explanation for this is the fact that the treated blood pressure rarely if ever is brought down to strictly normotensive levels. Against this view is the J-curve argument that suggests that too vigorous lowering of blood pressure may increase cardiovascular risks. Two prospective intervention trials have addressed this problem, the BBB Study, which has been published, and the much larger HOT Study which is still ongoing. Some of the findings in these two trials will be discussed with an emphasis on giving an up-date of the HOT Study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent intervention trials in hypertension initiated in Sweden--HOT, CAPPP and others. Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study. Captopril Prevention Project.

In 1998 the final results were presented of two large intervention trials in hypertension, the Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study (HOT) and the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP). Both were initiated from Sweden although the HOT Study was conducted in 26 countries worldwide and the CAPPP Study in Finland and Sweden. The HOT and CAPPP trials and their principal results will be reviewed briefly here. In addition a brief up-date will be provided of three ongoing intervention trials in hypertension that were also initiated from Sweden: the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 (STOP-Hypertension-), the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study and the Study on Cognition and Prognosis in Elderly Hypertensives (SCOPE).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗