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Biomedical subjects

L Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to L Hansson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of single doses of propiomazine, a phenothiazine hypnotic, on sleep and oxygenation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Serious respiratory depression may occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), receiving hypnotics during acute exacerbations. However, in a previous study on oxygenation during sleep in patients with stable hypoxemic non-hypercapnic COPD, we were unable to demonstrate a significant negative effect from single doses of nitrazepam and flunitrazepam. We have now investigated the effects of propiomazine, a phenothiazine hypnotic, in a double-blind randomized cross-over study of oxygen saturation and apneas during sleep and other sleep variables in 12 non-obese hypoxemic but clinically stable theophylline-treated COPD patients (PaO2 8.1 kPa, PaCO2 5.6 kPa, FEV1 31% of predicted value). None of the respiratory variables were adversely affected by a single oral dose of 25 mg propiomazine, whereas total sleeping time and the sleep efficiency index increased.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1990

Breeding of captive bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) related to dynamics of source populations.

Proportionately fewer female bank voles from cyclic or dense populations bred than did females from sparse or non-cyclic populations when brought into a laboratory and kept as monogamous pairs for at least 1 year. Similarly, fewer litters were produced by females from cyclic or dense populations. Breeding frequency and litter production did not differ in the second laboratory generation. Large variance in litter numbers indicated further changes in reproduction in response to the laboratory environment. Certain differences between origins still persisted after long-term laboratory breeding. The regional variations between field-born animals are most parsimoniously explained by differences in sensitivity to density.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isradipine in hypertension.

Calcium antagonists, particularly those derived from the dihydropyridine class, have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. This review will concentrate on the use of one of the newer compounds in this category, isradipine, in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Isradipine is a calcium antagonist with marked vascular selectivity and, in practical terms, is devoid of cardiac effects. Its usefulness in hypertension is well documented, both when used as single drug treatment and in combination with other agents, particularly beta-blockers. Isradipine is well tolerated, does not cause metabolic disturbances and, apart from the typical dihydropyridine-type vascular adverse effects, e.g. flushing and ankle oedema, it does not cause any specific side effect. Some results obtained with isradipine in animal studies, e.g. the antiatherosclerotic effect and the brain tissue preserving effect seen in experimental stroke, appear to hold great promise for future important clinical applications for isradipine.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1990

Patterns of care in patients utilizing both primary health care and psychiatric care in a Swedish health district.

Patterns of care in all patients (N = 546) establishing contact with both primary health care and psychiatric care were studied during 1984 (N = 252) and 1986 (N = 294) in a Swedish health district. Utilization of primary health care was not affected by the sectorization of the psychiatric care organization, while there was a significant increase in utilization of outpatient psychiatric care. Patients with a higher number of visits in outpatient psychiatric care had a lower number of visits in primary health care. The utilization of care was unevenly distributed in the sample; 25% of the patients accounted for almost 60% of the visits in both care organizations. The mental health problems were identified in primary health care in 40% of the patients. This group of patients seemed to be defined as belonging neither to specialized psychiatric care nor to the general practitioner level of primary health care.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Improved blood pressure control with isradipine in hypertensive patients treated with pindolol.

Isradipine is a new calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine type with marked vasodilator activity and minimal negative inotropic effects. It is a potent antihypertensive drug when given as monotherapy. This was a randomized double-blind crossover study of 16 weeks' duration, including 80 hypertensive patients with diastolic blood pressures of at least 95 mm Hg who had shown clinically relevant antihypertensive responses, but no normalization of blood pressure during pindolol 10 to 15 mg once daily as monotherapy. Either isradipine or placebo was added to the beta-blocker at doses of either 2.5 mg or 5 mg twice daily, which was doubled after four weeks if the diastolic blood pressure remained more than 90 mm Hg. The addition of isradipine (in either dose regimen) caused a pronounced reduction of blood pressure with no changes in heart rate. Five patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse events while receiving isradipine compared with three taking placebo. A further three patients withdrew from the study because of adverse events (one patient) or lack of efficacy (two patients) during placebo treatment. These results indicate that isradipine is an effective and well-tolerated adjunct to beta-blockers in hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Additive effect of isradipine in combination with captopril in hypertensive patients.

The effects of combined treatment with the calcium antagonist isradipine and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril were investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial comprising 28 patients with essential hypertension. The average age was 50 years (range, 31 to 65 years). After all patients were given captopril 50 mg twice daily plus placebo for four weeks, they were randomly assigned into groups receiving in addition either placebo or isradipine 1.25 mg twice daily in increasing doses at four-week intervals. During Weeks 20 to 24, the captopril plus placebo group was given hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg per day. Blood pressure was measured in the morning, 12 hours after tablet intake. Supine blood pressure was reduced in the captopril plus isradipine group by -8/-6, -14/-9, -16/-8, and -11/-7 mm Hg compared with the placebo group. Changes in diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant at Week 8, whereas changes in systolic blood pressure were statistically significant at Weeks 12, 16, and 20. With the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (Weeks 20 to 24), only supine systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced. One patient was withdrawn from the trial due to a rash. The results indicate that combined treatment with a calcium antagonist and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is effective in lowering blood pressure and that the combination is well tolerated during long-term therapy. The combination of captopril and isradipine was more effective than captopril given with a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Patient satisfaction with in-hospital psychiatric care. A study of a 1-year population of patients hospitalized in a sectorized care organization.

Patient satisfaction with in-hospital psychiatric care in a community-oriented care organization was studied by means of a questionnaire mailed to a 1-year population of hospitalized patients. The response rate was 43.5%. The results showed that the level of patient satisfaction was high in some areas and low in others. It was higher with regard to staff-patient relationships, treatment programs and the physical environment of the wards, and lower in the areas of patient information, influence on management and design of treatment. Patients' ratings of the quality of different aspects of the treatment process were related to satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was also related to the level of global improvement. Male patients and older patients were more satisfied with the care received. No differences in patient satisfaction were found regarding diagnosis or length of treatment. Compulsorily admitted patients showed significantly lower levels of satisfaction in all areas measured, except for treatment design. It was concluded that there are some indicators of a decrease in patient satisfaction with in-hospital psychiatric care, which might be associated with the changes towards a community-oriented psychiatric care organization.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Organ sequestration of 65Zn during experimental sepsis.

Alteration in the metabolism of zinc during infections has been reported. We have studied the redistribution of endogenous zinc by making the animals physiologically stable by daily intra-gastric administration of 65Zn prior to the induction of sepsis. Organ uptake of exogenous zinc was studied by investigating the organ uptake of 65Zn after an intravenous injection during sepsis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, were kept in metabolic cages to monitor the excretion of the radioisotope. They were made septic using a gelatine capsule containing E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis in a standardised mixture with sterile rat faeces and barium sulphate, implanted into the abdomen. The plasma radioactivity in the septic state was significantly lower when compared to control rats. In the septic state, there was an increased uptake of endogenous zinc after oral administration of radioactive zinc in the liver, pancreas, large intestine and testes. When administered intravenously in septic animals we found a decreased uptake of exogenous zinc in the pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, bone and testes. Thus the distribution of endogenous and exogenous zinc seems to differ during the septic state.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Determination of selenium in fish flesh by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

Selenium was determined in freeze-dried fish flesh from perch, pike-perch and the fish flesh reference materials MA-A-2 No. 1174 and MA-B-3 No. 151 (both from the International Atomic Energy Agency) by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Four different decomposition procedures were tested. They yielded consistent results for the four specimens, but the certified concentration level of selenium in the reference material MA-A-2 was not reached. This indicated losses or the presence of very stable selenium-containing compounds in this fish flesh. Neutron activation analysis of the reference material, however, was in agreement with those results obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The quality of outpatient psychiatric care. A survey of patient satisfaction in a sectorised care organisation.

Patient satisfaction with outpatient psychiatric care in a sectorised care organisation was studied by means of a mailed questionnaire to a one-year population of patients. Response rate was 40.7%. The results showed a high general satisfaction with treatment. Satisfaction was highest in areas of treatment planning/treatment design, treatment accomplishment and relationship to staff. A somewhat lower level of satisfaction was noted concerning information and coinfluence of the patient. Level of satisfaction was not related to social and psychiatric background characteristics. Patients with longer time in therapy showed a higher level of satisfaction. Patients' ratings of the quality of information and coinfluence were related to both satisfaction with treatment and treatment outcome, pointing to the importance of these factors for course of treatment and treatment success. A comparison with patient satisfaction with in-hospital care revealed significant differences in favour of the outpatient group. It is concluded that surveys of patient satisfaction with care may be a important and useful tool in the evaluation of changes in care organisations and in the monitoring of quality assurance standards.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Utilization of psychiatric inpatient care. A study of changes related to the introduction of a sectorized care organization.

Utilization of inpatient care in a catchment area was studied by means of a 4-year comparison before and after a sectorization of the care organization. There was almost no reduction in the number of patients hospitalized, but the number of admissions was reduced by 20% and the total number of days in hospital by 40%. An initial rise in the hospitalization of nonpsychotic patients was found in the new organization, probably because of the increased accessibility and availability of psychiatric care in the catchment area. The rate of hospitalization decreased for schizophrenic patients and remained unchanged for other psychotic patients. There was a significant reduction in rates of readmission, and mean length of stay in hospital was reduced for all groups of patients except patients with a diagnosis of neurosis or personality disorder. A reduction in rates of compulsory care, primarily for patients with alcohol diagnosis, was found. The sectorized care organization has fulfilled the objective of reducing inpatient care. However, great attention must be paid to evaluating new patient categories reached by the development of outpatient facilities, especially in areas where accessibility to and availability of the care organization were formerly low.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Steroid regulation of glue protein genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Transcript accumulation of the 3C glue protein gene Sgs-4 was induced in cultured salivary glands of Drosophila third instar larvae by supplementing the culture medium with 20-OH-ecdysone. The salivary glands were isolated from hormone-deficient larvae of the temperature-sensitive mutant l(1)su(f)ts67g, which were shifted from permissive (25 degrees C) to restrictive temperature (30 degrees C) at 60 h after oviposition. At the permissive temperature the glue protein are expressed during the latter half of the third instar. At the restrictive temperature there is no detectable or an extremely reduced accumulation of the 3C glue protein gene transcripts in these larvae. Induction of transcript accumulation was demonstrated by increased amounts of glue gene RNAs in the 20-OH-ecdysone supplemented salivary glands. Maximum accumulation was reached within 1 h after supplementation. The induction of accumulation was inhibited by a concentration of cycloheximide that repressed total protein synthesis, suggesting that 20-OH-ecdysone acts indirectly on the 3C glue gene by inducing synthesis of a protein(s) required transcript accumulation. We also show that there is a more rapid disappearance of 3C transcripts from salivary glands cultured in the presence of 20-OH-ecdysone than from glands cultured in its absence. This hormone-induced disappearance is, in contrast to the 68C transcripts, not inhibited by cycloheximide.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effects of nitrazepam and flunitrazepam on oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with stable hypoxemic nonhypercapnic COPD.

Serious respiratory depression has been described in COPD patients receiving hypnotics during acute exacerbations. There are few studies quantifying the effects of hypnotics on oxygenation during sleep in patients with stable hypoxemic COPD. In this study, the effects of single therapeutic doses of nitrazepam and flunitrazepam on SaO2, apneas during sleep and other sleep variables were measured in 14 COPD patients. All patients used theophylline. Sleep-induced decrease in mean SaO2 was 1.3 percent after placebo, 1.4 percent after nitrazepam and 1.9 percent after flunitrazepam (no significant differences). Sleep apneas were not more common or longer after nitrazepam or flunitrazepam, but sleep quality seemed to improve. It is concluded that oxygenation during sleep in these nonobese patients with stable hypoxemic nonhypercapnic COPD, all on maintenance theophylline therapy, was affected very little by single therapeutic doses of nitrazepam or flunitrazepam.

Aged↗