Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Han.
This paper reports the new prepared method of Prepared Soypean by purebred culture of Aspergillus niger. The technology condition is that temperture is 28 +/- 2 degrees C and comparative humidity is 95%, time of fermented culture is 15-20 days. After improvement, polluttion of other bacteria is easily avoided.
By using polarization sensitive CARS method, five kinds of N-diisopropyl phosphoryl-alpha-amino acids are investigated. They polymerize themselves to form peptide at 55 degrees C for 40 hours. The vibration mode spectra prior and after the reaction are recorded. With the help of theoretical calculation, the configuration of these peptides are inferred to be trans form and the specificities vibration modes are assigned.
The determination of chromium, manganese and nickel in biological agents has obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that three trace elements of body necessary are the most rich in ant factor injection liquid. The chromium content is slightly lower in the brain cell activator injection liquid, the nickel content is slightly lower in the shift factor injection liquid and the manganese is the lowest in the marrow factor injection liquid. In this paper, we have studied three trace element contents in six biological agents. It provides, useful data for clinical treatment to some trace-element-lacking diseases.
Several studies are reviewed in which behavioral aspects of angiotensin (Ang) II on fluid intake have been compared with induction of the immediate early gene product, Fos, as a marker of neuronal activation in rat bain. Either peripheral or central administration of Ang II induced Fos along the lamina terminalis (SFO, MnPO, AV3V) and in the magnocellular neurosecretory groups (SO, PVH). A similar pattern is seen with central injection of renin. Both pharmacological and antisense oligonucleotide probe studies indicate that an AT1 receptor is involved, probably with the initial transduction in the SFO. Treatments that induce sodium appetite all induce Fos along the lamina terminalis, but usually not in the SO or PVN. Kininase II inhibitors, such as captopril, acutely potentiate drinking to Ang I, but after chronic exposure they may inhibit water intake. In contrast, the dipsogenic effect of bradykinin which is manifest in the presence of acute captopril remains unaffected by chronic administration. This suggests that the sodium appetite that appears with chronic captopril treatment may depend in part on peptides other than Ang.
Two experiments were performed to investigate the relationship between the expression of sodium appetite and the appearance of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the brain of rats. In the first experiment, rats were depleted of sodium by treatment with furosemide 24 h prior to sacrifice and without access to either food or sodium solution. Some rats had access to distilled water, and others had no fluids available during the 24 h. All of the furosemide-treated rats showed Fos-IR in both the subfornical organ (SFO) and around the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). Rats with access to distilled water during the depletion period showed no Fos-IR in the supraoptic (SON) or paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (PVN) and, in parallel behavioral studies, comparably-treated rats consumed only 0.3 M NaCl solution at the end of the 24 h. In rats that had no fluids during the deprivation period, only about one half showed Fos-IR in SON and PVN and, in parallel behavioral studies, comparably treated rats consumed both water and 0.3 M NaCl solution at the end of 24 h. In a second experiment, cerebroventricular administration of renin stimulated short latency intake of 0.3 M NaCl and water. The relative intakes of water and NaCl were comparable at a low dose of renin, but intake of water exceeded that of NaCl after higher doses. Renin induced Fos-IR in SFO, MnPO, peri-OVLT region, SON and PVN. Both Fos-IR and fluid intake were antagonized by administration of losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. Thus, only the circumventricular organs of the lamina terminalis showed Fos-IR during each natriorexigenic regimen in these studies. These data support the view that Ang II of both central and peripheral origin activates the SFO and/or peri-OVLT region and contributes to sodium appetite.
Rats were given either slow (1 h) or rapid (10 min) intravenous infusions of either 6 or 12 mmol NaCl/kg body weight. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) induced by the infusions was measured in several brain regions. The higher dose of NaCl induced FLI in structures of the lamina terminalis, including organum vasculosum (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO), as well as in the magnocellular supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular hypothalamic (PVN) nuclei. The lower dose of hypertonic NaCl induced FLI in only the SON and PVN. Faster delivery of the solute load tended to amplify the FLI in SFO and OVLT. These data confirm and extend previous reports of osmotically-induced FLI in rat brain and demonstrate that the discrepancies between these studies result from different dosage regimens of NaCl. The data are discussed as they relate to the lamina terminalis as a primary osmosensitive region in brain.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a human parvovirus that in laboratory and animal models has the ability to suppress the oncogenic phenotype of a variety of viruses and cellular derived oncogenes. The inhibitory effects of AAV have been mapped to its rap gene (Rep78 protein). Furthermore, seroepidemiologic data indicate that AAV infection is linked to reduced cervical cancer rates in humans. Because of AAV's inverse relationship with cervical cancer, we attempted to identify AAV rep sequences within DNA derived from cervical brushings taken from nondiseased middle class patients at a Little Rock clinic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out with primers designed to amplify a specific segment of the endogenous human beta-globin gene or the AAV rep gene. Of those cervical samples that were positive for beta-globin DNA, 50% were also found to be positive for AAV rep DNA when analyzed by either ethidium bromide staining or dot-blot hybridization with an internal probe. These data strongly suggest that AAV is commonly carried in the genital region and further raise the possibility that AAV can be sexually transmitted.
This article examines the distribution of home and community-based services (HCBS) under Florida's Medicaid waiver program. Controlling for personal and community characteristics, it was found that gender and race significantly affect the access of the disabled adult population to HCBS services, with women and nonwhites significantly more likely to be receiving HCBS services. At the county level, the likelihood of one's being in the waiver program is contingent on the racial composition and level of segregation of the county. People residing in counties with substantial proportions of nonwhites are less likely to receive HCBS services--whatever their race. However, the higher the rate of racial segregation in the county, the higher the probability that the Medicaid disabled adult population will receive HCBS services. The Medicaid waiver program allows older, disabled black women to remain in their home neighborhoods rather than having to move to predominantly white areas where nursing homes are concentrated. Thus, the HCBS program not only provides them with a form of care that is preferred by most older people but also resolves market problems stemming from the lack of nursing homes in segregated areas by taking advantage of support systems in black households.
The yeast two-hybrid system is finding increased use in the study of interactions between proteins. In this method, two polypeptides are expressed in yeast as fusion proteins to a transcriptional activator DNA-binding domain (bd) and activating domain (ad), respectively. Interaction between the two polypeptides reconstitutes function of a transactivator which controls expression of reporters. The phagocyte NADPH oxidase is a complex of membrane cytochrome b558 (comprised of subunits p22-phox and gp91-phox) and three cytosol proteins (p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac) that translocate to membrane and bind to cytochrome b558. This is the first report to demonstrate that two of cytosolic components of cytochrome b558, p47-phox binding to p67-phox each other. We encountered several methodological problems in the two-hybrid system which are the focus of this report.
OBJECTIVES: To understand vaginal bleeding patterns and the regularity in use of Norplant, and find out the main cause of termination that Norplant users can not bear. METHODS: A total of 306 menstrual diaries of Norplant users for 5 years were analyzed. The analysis of bleeding patterns was carried out by using the reference period approach and followed the guidelings published by WHO. RESULTS: The total number of vaginal bleeding days and the number of spotting days in the first reference periods were 36.6 days and 21.5 days, respectively. They were decreased obviously in the third reference period. The number of bleeding days was not obviously changed. The percentage of irregular bleeding was predominent in all of the bleeding patterns, 43.1%-57.6% usually. The percentage of prolonged bleeding was 13.4%-31.0%, secondly. The percentage of "normal" was only 33%. The number of bleeding days and the percentage of prolonged bleeding were more in bleeding termination group than in continuation group. The percentage of irregular bleeding was lower. CONCLUSIONS: During the initial stage of use of Norplant the total number of vaginal bleeding days was increased, but decreased obviously after 6 months. This change was influenced by the number of spotting days. Irregular bleeding and prolonged bleeding were main types of the disturbance of menstrual cycles after use of Norplant, The main cause of termination was prolonged bleeding.
A single left lung transplantation was performed on a 48-year-old male with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in February 1995. The surgical technic used was similar to that mentioned in the literature. The donor lung was perfused by cold Euro-Collins solution with a cold ischemic time of 190 minutes. Cardiopulmonary bypass was not used. The patient weaned from ventilator on the next day of operation (22 hours). Immunosuppression included cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroid using until now and antithymocytic globuline for five days. Three episodes of acute rejection occurred within three months after operation, and all cured by bolus methyl-prednisolone given intravenously. The patient remains well nine months after operation with significant improvement of lung function and enjoies normal life.
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Rats were either depleted of sodium by treatment with a diuretic or were made hypovolemic by injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and their brains were subsequently examined for induction of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI). FLI was observed in the lamina terminalis (LT) after both treatments; FLI was observed in the magnocellular neurosecretory hypothalamic areas only after PEG. Implications of these data for brain substrates of sodium appetite are discussed.
A set of chimeric envelope proteins between amphotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia retroviruses (MuLV), two closely related members in the MuLV family, were constructed. The purpose was to examine the regions that could be successfully exchanged between these two similar viral envelope proteins. The data indicate that fully active chimeras can be built when the junction is either at the EcoRI site (amino acid 169) 42 amino acids N-terminal to the polyproline hinge of gp70 (named CH4) or at the ScaI site (aa 593) in the membrane spanning portion of p15E (CH1). However, a chimera at the AflII site (aa 125, CH5) and two in the C-terminal end of gp70 (aa 418, CH2; aa 326, CH3) were inactive. These results, taken together with other data from our laboratory and others, suggest that the entire gp70/p15E structure is sensitive to alterations and that even envelope proteins that are very similar have only a limited ability to exchange sequences.
Adrenocortical secretory responses to chemical mediators and ACTH in CD1 ICR nu/nu (athymic) mice were compared with those in CD1 ICR (normal) mice. The bilateral adrenals of normal or athymic mice were perfused in situ with artificial medium equilibrated by 95% O2 + 5% CO2. Infusion of serotonin induced the secretory response of corticosterone significantly at 10 nM and markedly at 100 nM and the response at 1000 or 10000 nM declined as compared with that at 100nM in normal mice. Total corticosterone secretion in response to 100 or 1000 nM serotonin in athymic mice was about one fourth that in normal mice, respectively. Corticosterone responses to ACTH at the range of 10 to 300 pg/ml in athymic mice were comparable to those in normal mice. Infusion of histamine, platelet activating factor(PAF), or compound 48/80 did not induce significant corticosterone response in both normal and athymic mice. The data suggest that the congenital defect of the thymus and/or hair causes the hyporesponsiveness of adrenocortical cells to serotonin although the adrenal cortex of athymic mice is able to perform its function in response to ACTH.
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The nucleotide sequence of a region upstream of the type II polyketide synthase genes in the cluster for biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic jadomycin B in Streptomyces venezuelae contained an open reading frame encoding a sequence of 196 amino acids that resembeled sequences deduced for a group of repressor proteins. The strongest similarity was to EnvR of Escherichia coli, but the sequence also resembled MtrR, AcrR, TetC, and TcmR, all of which are involved in regulating resistance to antibiotics or toxic hydrophobic substances in the environment. Disruption of the nucleotide sequence of this putative S. venezuelae repressor gene (jadR2), by insertion of an apramycin resistance gene at an internal MluI site, and replacement of the chromosomal gene generated mutants that produced jadomycin B without the stress treatments (exposure to heat shock or to toxic concentrations of ethanol) required for jadomycin B production by the wild type. When cultures of the disruption mutants were ethanol stressed, they overproduced the antibiotic. From these results it was concluded that expression of the jadomycin B biosynthesis genes are negatively regulated by jadR2.
The overexpression of some human proteins can cause interference with the Ras signal transduction pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The functional block is located at the level of the effector itself, since these proteins do not suppress activating mutations further downstream in the same pathway. We now demonstrate, with in vivo and in vitro experiments, that the protein encoded by one human cDNA (clone 99) can interact directly with yeast Ras2p and with human H-Ras protein, and we have named this gene rin1 (Ras interaction/interference). The interaction between Ras and Rin1 is enhanced when Ras is bound to GTP. Rin1 is not able to interact with either an effector mutant or a dominant negative mutant of H-Ras. Thus, Rin1 displays a human H-Ras interaction profile that is the same as that seen for Raf1 and yeast adenylyl cyclase, two known effectors of Ras. Moreover, Raf1 directly competes with Rin1 for binding to H-Ras in vitro. Unlike Raf1, however, the Rin1 protein resides primarily at the plasma membrane, where H-Ras is localized. These data are consistent with Rin1 functioning in mammalian cells as an effector or regulator of H-Ras.