Critical-thinking teaching strategy: self-tutorial analysis.
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Clinical Competence↗
Biomedical subjects
L H Miller
Publications and source records attributed to L H Miller.
Penetration of the mosquito (Aedes aegypti) midgut wall by the ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum.
We observed Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes in both intracellular and intercellular positions in the midgut epithelium of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. After epithelial cell invasion intracellular ookinetes lacked a parasitophorous vacuolar membrane and were surrounded solely by their own pellicle. Thus, the ookinete in the midgut epithelium of the mosquito differs from erythrocytic and hepatic stages in that the parasite in the vertebrate host is surrounded by a vacuole. The midgut epithelial cytoplasm around the apical end of invading ookinetes was replaced by fine granular material deprived of normal organelles. Membranous structure was observed within the fine granular area. Most ookinetes were seen intracellularly on the luminal side and intercellularly on the haemocoel side of the midgut epithelial cells. These observations suggest that the ookinete first enters into the midgut epithelial cell, then exists to the space between the epithelial cells and moves to the basal lamina where the ookinete develops to the oocyst.
Aedes↗
Growing replacements for our 'graying' perioperative nurses.
Many nursing school graduates have minimal perioperative experience and require extensive training by their employer. These perioperative courses can introduce students to the OR culture in a protected role and ease their transition to a "real" nursing role. Nursing programs must stay current offer meaningful curricula that attract good students.
Age Factors↗
Synovial sarcoma of the larynx.
There have been several reports in the literature2-5 of synovial sarcomas of the head and neck. The consensus of these authors is that the tumor is not as aggressive in this localization as in the extremities, where the recurrence rate is 60% to 70%, and the five-year long-term follow-up of such cases should be made available. Thereby, a reasonably clear and effective modality of treatment could be recommoneded.
Adult↗
MSH/ACTH 4-10 and aging effects on delayed response performance in rats.
The present study examines the effect of MSH/ACTH 4-10 on delayed response performance (DRP) in a two choice version of the Hunter paradigm incorporating the Honzik opaque door modification. DRP was measured in male, Long-Evans rats after administration (IP) of various doses of MSH/ACTH 4-10 or control when animals were young (3 months) and aged (30 months) and aged (30 months). Between MSH/ACTH dose response observations animals received a variety of psychoactive agents of various classes prior to DRP assessment. In addition, DRP was assessed once per month, without drug, from ages 10 to 30 months. MSH/ACTH 4-10, at a dose of 95 ug/kg, significantly enhanced retention of a visual stimulus, while larger doses of MSH/ACTH 4-10 impaired delayed response performance in animals when young. Reversal of anticholinergic-induced DRP impairments by physostigmine and MSH/ACTH 4-10, but not strychnine or methylphenidate, suggests that the effect of MSH/ACTH 4-10 on DRP is specific and may be mediated by enhancement of the cholinergic system(s) in the CNS. Animals began to demonstrate significant impairment in DRP, at longer delays, at the age of 23 months. While confounds such as changes in sensory acuity, motor performance and food preference cannot be totally ignored, the assessment of performance at shorter delay periods served as a control for these problems. No significant age-related changes in DRP at shorter periods of delay were found, indicating that perception and motor capabilities played little role in age-related DRP alterations. Trend analysis revealed that animals demonstrate significant linear and quadratic MSH/ACTH 4-10 dose responses which appear as an inverted "U" in the Hunter paradigm when young. As animals age, this dose response becomes a purely positive linear relationship. Thus, the age-induced decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels, and hence MSH/ACTH peptide-induced release, may result in the change in MSH/ACTH dose response profiles. These findings may have clinical implications in the treatment of age-induced or Alzheimer's related cognitive pathologies, which are of cholinergic etiology.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Synthetic peptides from P. falciparum sexual stage 25-kDa protein induce antibodies that react with the native protein: the role of IL-2 and conformational structure on immunogenicity of Pfs25.
To identify B-cell epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum 25-kDa ookinete protein, Pfs25, 41 overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire length of the protein were used individually to immunize CAF1 (F1 hybrid of BALB/c female and A/J male) mice. Antipeptide sera were tested for reactivity to live intact zygote/early ookinete (post-fertilization stage) by immunofluorescence, and by Western blot analysis under nonreducing and reducing conditions, immunoprecipitation of 35S-cysteine-labeled antigen, and ELISA using a vaccinia recombinant Pfs25 antigen. Fourteen B-cell epitopes were identified. These peptides were immunogenic only when administered with high-dose recombinant interleukin-2. Antibodies to 11 peptides recognized only the native conformational structure, one peptide induced antibodies that recognized both reduced and native protein, and two other peptides, after primary immunization, made antibodies to denatured Pfs25, but after boosting the antibodies reacted to both denatured and native Pfs25. Anti-sera to peptides in the first (peptide 7) and fourth (peptide 34) epidermal growth factor-like domains of Pfs25 reacted most strongly with zygotes/ookinetes by immunofluorescence assay. The antibodies elicited by immunization with peptide 34 suppressed infectivity of the parasite to mosquitoes. We further observed that the secondary structure of Pfs25 may be important for immunogenicity because monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 1C7 and 1D2, both transmission-blocking MAbs, protected enzyme cleavage sites in Pfs25 from proteolysis, suggesting that discontinuous segments of Pfs25 may come together to form immunogenic epitopic sites. Thus, definition of B- and T-cell epitopes may be required to construct a Pfs25 vaccine for optimum immunogenicity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗