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Biomedical subjects

L Gutmann

Publications and source records attributed to L Gutmann.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Contraction pseudotremor of chronic denervation.

The tremulousness observed with voluntary muscle contraction in patients with chronic denervating illness has long been described but has been given misleading and confusing labels. The phenomenon is generally attributed to the nonsmooth contraction of a muscle populated by motor units decreased in number and enlarged. Contraction pseudotremor of chronic denervation may be a more appropriate label for this useful clinical sign.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Evolution of nerve conduction abnormalities in children with dominant hypertrophic neuropathy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type.

Serial motor conduction velocities and distal motor latencies were determined in two pairs of dizygotic twins, each born to a parent with dominant hypertrophic neuropathy of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth type (HMSN-I). Motor nerve conduction velocities could not distinguish between the normal and affected twin of the first pair studied at birth. Distal motor latency in the affected twin at birth, however, was borderline prolonged. The affected twin of the second pair had slowed motor velocities at age 17 months, but the extent of conduction slowing had not yet fully developed. Studies of these patients and the affected family members showed that maximal slowing of motor nerve conduction velocities evolved over the first 3-5 years of life in HMSN-I. Prolongation of distal motor latency may be the earliest abnormality observed in HMSN-I and this abnormality evolves over 10 or more years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A model system to demonstrate that beta-lactamase-associated antibiotic trapping could be a potential means of resistance.

Addition of beta-lactamase to cultures of antibiotic-sensitive Escherichia coli protected the bacteria against lysis induced by either a hydrolyzable (cephalothin) or relatively nonhydrolyzable (ceftriaxone) cephalosporin. The later addition of a nonhydrolyzable, non-lysis-inducing beta-lactam antibiotic (oxacillin), which had a higher affinity for the beta-lactamase than ceftriaxone, allowed the reversal of the protection and the onset of lysis. These results suggest that trapping of the antibiotic by the enzyme, without significant hydrolysis, is a reversible process that may play a role in the resistance of some gram-negative bacteria to third-generation cephalosporins.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1983

Activity of imipenem on aerobic bacteria.

Imipenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a potent inhibitor of plasmid- and chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of imipenem on clinical isolates classified according to their susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. On penicillin G-susceptible bacteria, imipenem is comparable to penicillin. On streptococci, pneumococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria the MICs were 0.02 to 0.06 mg/l. On gonococci, MICs were 0.04 to 0.25 mg/l. Gram-negative bacteria susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics or naturally resistant to certain of them (e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin) were highly susceptible to imipenem with MICs from 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l. It was slightly less active on Haemophilus influenzae, compared to ampicillin. On beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, imipenem maintained a remarkable activity. For penicillin-resistant pneumococci (MIC 16 mg/l) the imipenem MIC was 1 mg/l. Imipenem was equally effective on beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing Haemophilus influenzae and gonococci. Among 12 Nocardia asteroides tested, 11 had MIC less than 1 mg/l. When tested at 30 degrees, the MIC of imipenem for oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 8 to 64 mg/l in contrast to 0.03 to 0.06 mg/l for oxacillin-sensitive isolates. Eighteen strains of enterococci (17 faecium, 2 faecalis) resistant to ampicillin (MIC 128 mg/l) were more resistant to imipenem (MIC 16 to 256 mg/l). Imipenem was very active on beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including multiply-resistant Salmonella typhi., with MICs in a range from 0.06 to 4 mg/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 46 antibiotics, including 22 beta-lactams.

Twelve Nocardia asteroides isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 46 antibiotics by the agar dilution method. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active of 22 beta-lactam antibiotics, inhibiting 11 of the 12 strains at 1 microgram/ml. Penicillins, including ureidopenicillins, showed poor activity. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and especially cefuroxime had the best activities of the cephalosporins tested. Among the other antibiotics, amikacin and minocycline, respectively, inhibited all of the strains tested at 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

Myokymia in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Facial or limb myokymia was present in 8 patients (17%) of 48 consecutive cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It occurred early in the course of the illness and persisted 5 to 40 days as the patients recovered. Facial myokymia usually occurred in clinically weak muscles, was most often bilateral, and was more common in women. Bilaterality and transient nature differed from the facial myokymia seen in pontine tumors and demyelinating disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lysosomal glycogen storage disease without acid maltase deficiency.

We studied two brothers with lysosomal glycogen storage disease without acid maltase deficiency in skeletal muscle. Although no specific biochemical defect was identified, a characteristic clinical picture emerged from evaluation of these siblings and two other previously reported patients. The syndrome is manifested by proximal muscle weakness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, probable intellectual impairment, and possible liver involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Superior oblique myokymia. A misnomer.

Clinical examination of a 26-year-old, white man with episodic vertical diplopia and oscillopsia led to the diagnosis of "superior oblique myokymia." The dissimilarity between the observed superior oblique movements and myokymia as defined in other nervous system disorders is striking. Therefore, we suggest that superior oblique microtremor may be a better term to describe these superior oblique movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The constellation of adult acid maltase deficiency: clinical, electrophysiologic, and morphologic features.

This report outlines the clinical, electrophysiologic, and morphologic findings in seven patients with adult acid maltase deficiency. The diagnosis was confirmed biochemically in four of these individuals. Adult acid maltase deficiency must be considered whenever clinical diagnoses of polymyositis, especially the chronic form, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy are being entertained.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Penicillin-resistant and penicillin-tolerant mutants of group A Streptococci.

Penicillin-resistant and penicillin-tolerant mutants have been isolated from group A streptococci mutagenized by ethyl methane sulfonate. The resistant mutants had an elevated minimal growth inhibitory concentration for benzylpenicillin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.2 microgram/ml, as compared with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.006 microgram/ml in the penicillin-susceptible parent strain); they also had an abnormal cellular morphology and showed altered penicillin-binding proteins. Penicillin-tolerant mutants were killed more slowly than were the parental cells during treatment with penicillin; they had virtually unchanged minimal inhibitory concentration values for penicillin and normal cellular morphology and penicillin-binding proteins.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Calcium effect on generation and amplification of myokymic discharges.

Maneuvers designed to manipulate ionized calcium (Ca++) were carried out in two patients with inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy and myokymia. Increased clinical myokymia and myokymic burst amplification occurred when ionized Ca++ was lowered by plasma exchange or hyperventilation. Increasing ionized Ca++ (by intravenous infusion of CaCl2) decreased the myokymia. These findings indicate that myokymic discharges are altered by changes in serum ionized Ca++ and effects on axonal excitability.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative study of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and moxalactam against 150 Gram negative strains (author's transl)].

The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a new cephalosporine derivative was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins, cefotaxime and moxalactam. 150 strains of Gram negative bacilli were used in this study. Ceftriaxone as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against most of the 104 multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae. Ceftriaxone was the most active against Proteus providencia with a mean MIC of 0.007 microgram/ml. Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were less active than moxalactam against Enterobacter with MIC higher or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. The three cephalosporins had an almost identical activity against carbenicillin resistant Pseudomonas with an MIC higher than 4 micrograms/ml. MIC against Acinetobacter were higher or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam was the most active against Bacteroides fragilis with a mean MIC of 0.5 micrograms/ml; ceftriaxone and cefotaxime had a mean MIC of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1981

Physiological properties of penicillin-binding proteins in group A streptococci.

We detected five major penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in group A streptococci by labeling either cell membrane preparations or live bacteria with tritiated penicillin. All PBPs appeared to be equally accessible to penicillin in vitro and in vivo. Individual PBPs differed in their rates of deacylation, and four of the five PBPs underwent rapid inactivation both in vivo and in vitro. At least two processes seemed to contribute to in vivo inactivation; these were (i) a penicillin-induced release of all five PBPs into the growth medium and (ii) degradation, as evidenced by the appearance of penicillin-labeled protein band of lower molecular weight and also by a gradual increase in material migrating with the same electrophoretic mobility as PBP 3. Inactivation of the PBPs was stimulated greatly by pretreatment of bacteria with gentamicin, cerulenin, or Triton X-100, whereas chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and lincomycin treatments had no such effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗