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Biomedical subjects

L Gustafsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Gustafsson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Predictive validity of factors influencing the institutionalization of elderly people with psycho-geriatric disorders.

The predictive validity of certain items was tested with respect to their influence on the institutionalization of elderly people with psycho-geriatric disorders (n = 69). Twelve items measuring both the patient's condition and the exhaustion around the patient were tested. Two outcome measurements were used, the first measuring the number of patients who were institutionalized after the end of 12 months and the second measuring the number of days at an institution during 12 months. The items "Exhaustion of spouse" and "Supervision need" showed the highest correlation with institutionalization and predicted institutionalization, better than items describing the degree of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Cytologic screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Sweden evaluated by identification and simulation.

Parameters characterising the progression of cervical neoplasia were estimated from population-based cancer and mortality statistics in Sweden for 1958-1981 by means of a dynamic computer model. Proceeding from that model and these data, the incidence and prevalence curves were constructed, the effects of the extensive cytological screening measures introduced during the 1960s were assessed, and future gains due to the measures already undertaken up to 1981 could be simulated. About 4,000 cases of cancer in situ were diagnosed annually in Sweden after the end of the 1960s, most of them in women born later than 1919. The maximum reduction in the number of invasive cancers up to 1981 was 42% for women born in 1919-1923, but increased progressively for later birth cohorts and reached 69% for those born in 1934-1938. The corresponding reduction in mortality rates was of the same magnitude. The screening measures up to 1981 will ultimately result in a reduction of invasive cancer by about 12,500 cases and of the number of deaths due to this disease by about 4,100. Only a part of the total gain in the number of lives saved had been revealed at the end of the study period in 1981.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Osmoregulation of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii grown in a chemostat at different salinities.

The intracellular solute composition of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures at different concentrations of NaCl (4 mM, 0.68 M, and 1.35 M). A strong positive correlation between the total intracellular polyol concentration (glycerol and arabinitol) and medium salinity was demonstrated. The intracellular polyol concentration was sufficient to balance about 75% of the osmotic pressure of the medium in cultures with 0.68 and 1.35 M NaCl. The intracellular concentration of K+ and Na+, which at low external salinity gave a considerable contribution to the intracellular water potential, was only slightly enhanced with raised medium salinity. However, the ratio of intracellular K+ to Na+ decreased; but this decrease was less drastic in the cells than in the surrounding medium, i.e., the cells were able to select for K+ in favor of Na+. The turgor pressure, which was estimated on the basis of intracellular solute concentrations, was 2,200 kPa in cultures with 4 mM NaCl and decreased when the external salinity was raised, resulting in a value of about 500 kPa in cultures with 1.35 M NaCl. The maintenance of a positive turgor pressure at high salinity was mainly due to an increased production and accumulation of glycerol.

Glucose↗
PubMed1989

Natural history of cervical neoplasia: consistent results obtained by an identification technique.

Swedish population-based incidence and mortality rates for cancer of the uterine cervix, both in situ and invasive, during the period 1958 to 1981 were determined by means of a dynamic model. This new approach describes without any preconceptions the development of the disease as a sequential process over the stages cancer in situ, invasive cancer before and after diagnosis, and death. The strong disturbance of the steady-state situation that occurred after the introduction of cytological mass screening in the early 1960s permitted the use of a computerized identification technique. The whole natural history of cervical cancer could thus be identified and described consistently, with the mutual compatibility between statistical data, structure, parameters, and the states and flows between the states. The estimated age-specific incidence of cancer in situ increased rapidly to a maximum of 650 per 10(5) woman-years at the age of 30 years, after which it declined, and that of invasive cancer to a maximum of 55 per 10(5) at the age of 43. The natural history of cervical neoplasia did not differ appreciably between eight successive 5-year birth cohorts. The proportion of cases of new cancer in situ that progressed to invasive cancer was 12.2%, with a mean duration of the in situ stage in these cases of 13.3 years. The preclinical phase of the invasive stage (without screening) lasted on average about 4 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Benzodiazepine poisoning: experience of 702 admissions to an intensive care unit during a 14-year period.

A retrospective study covering a 14-year period was carried out to estimate the incidence and assess the clinical features of benzodiazepine (BZD) poisoning. The annual contribution of BZDs to the total number of drug overdose cases admitted to an intensive care unit displayed an increasing trend over the period, and during the last years BZDs were involved in nearly one-third of all cases. Among the 702 cases of BZD overdosage, 144 had ingested BZD alone, 200 had poisoned themselves with BZD combined with alcohol and 358 had taken BZD with other miscellaneous drugs. In 56% of all the cases the patients had severe central nervous system depression on admission. In 47% orotracheal intubation was performed and in 18% artificial ventilation was administered. Complications were recorded in 69 of the 702 cases (9.8%) and five cases were fatal. These clinical features were essentially the same in the group that had overdosed with just BZD. In conclusion, patients with drug overdosage involving BZD have a low hospital mortality, but the acute somatic risk is not negligible. Moreover, they consume a substantial proportion of the resources in the emergency room and the intensive care unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Heat Production by the Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and the Dissimilatory Ammonium-Producing Bacterium Pseudomonas putrefaciens during Anaerobic Growth with Nitrate as the Electron Acceptor.

The heat production rate and the simultaneous nitrate consumption and production and consumption of nitrite and nitrous oxide were monitored during the anaerobic growth of two types of dissimilatory nitrate reducers. Pseudomonas fluorescens, a denitrifier, consumed nitrate and accumulated small amounts of nitrite or nitrous oxide. The heat production rate increased steadily during the course of nitrate consumption and decreased rapidly concomitant with the depletion of the electron acceptors. A mean experimental enthalpy change value of -800 kJ/mol of nitrate and a mean growth yield value of 33 g (dry weight)/mol of nitrate consumed were obtained for different concentrations of nitrate. For Pseudomonas putrefaciens, a dissimilatory ammonium producer, the nitrate consumption resulted in an accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide. Nitrite consumption commenced after depletion of the nitrate; consequently, two phases were noted in the heat production rate curve during growth. A mean experimental enthalpy change value of -810 kJ/mol of nitrate was obtained for different concentrations of nitrate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Microcalorimetric monitoring of growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: osmotolerance in relation to physiological state.

The importance of the physiological state of a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for tolerance to sudden osmotic dehydration was studied, and it was investigated whether specific osmotolerance factors were demonstrable. The microcalorimeter was used to monitor growth, and different physiological states of the culture were selected and their osmotolerance was tested. In addition to cells in the stationary phase, cells from the transition phase between respirofermentative and respiratory catabolism were osmotolerant. S. cerevisiae exhibited ever-changing metabolism during batch growth on either glucose or ethanol as the carbon source. Instantaneous heat production per biomass formation (dQ/dX) and specific activity of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) (EC 1.1.1.8) were shown to differ for different physiological states. Neither high respiratory activity nor low total cellular activity, nor factors involved in osmoregulation, i.e., intracellular glycerol or activity of GPDH, correlated with the osmotolerant phenotype.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1987

Glycerol production in relation to the ATP pool and heat production rate of the yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during salt stress.

Changes in glycerol production and two parameters related to energy metabolism i.e. the heat production rate and the ATP pool, were assayed during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii in 4 mM and 1.35 M NaCl media. For both of the yeasts, the specific ATP pool changed during the growth cycle and reached maximum values around 10 nmol per mg dry weight in both types of media. The levels of glycerol were markedly enhanced by high salinity. In the presence of 1.35 M NaCl, D. hansenii retained most of its glycerol produced intracellularly, while S. cerevisiae extruded most of the glycerol to the environment. The intracellular glycerol level of S. cerevisiae equalled or exceeded that of D. hansenii, however, with values never lower than 3 mumol per mg dry weight at all phases of growth. When D. hansenii was grown at this high salinity the intracellular level of glycerol was found to correlate with the specific heat production rate. No such correlation was found for S. cerevisiae. We concluded that during salt stress, D. hansenii possesses the capacity to regulate the metabolism of glycerol to optimize growth, while S. cerevisiae may not be able to regulate when exposed to different demands on the glycerol metabolism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Effects of plasma hyperviscosity on skeletal muscle blood flow and blood viscosity in vivo.

The effect of plasma hyperviscosity on skeletal muscle blood flow and blood viscosity in vivo was studied. Blood flow and viscosity in vivo were determined in the isolated and vasodilated calf muscle of one hind limb in dogs. Plasma hyperviscosity was induced by suspending red blood cells in concentrated and isotonic solutions of low molecular weight dextran in saline. Viscosity in vivo was determined by comparing pressure-flow relationships for blood and a reference solution. Blood viscosity in vitro was determined in a Wells-Brookfield cone-plate viscometer. Determinations were made for plasma viscosities of 1.3, 2.2 and 4 cP. It was found that blood flow and viscosity in vivo were strongly dependent on plasma viscosity and that the effects in vivo could be predicted from values obtained in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Impact of oral hygiene and use of fluorides on caries increment in children during one year.

The aim of this study was to assess the modifying effect of oral hygiene, and the use of fluorides on caries increment in children when frequency of meals, intake of sugars and prevalence of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva were known. In 8- and 13-yr-olds it was possible to show that children with a low caries increment (0-2 surfaces) had lower mean values for frequency of meals, daily sucrose consumption and prevalence of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva than children with a high caries increment (greater than or equal to 3 surfaces). There were higher mean values in the low caries-increment groups for toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste and NaF-mouthrinse. Gingival bleeding index (GBI %) was used as an objective measure of oral hygiene and revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups in both age groups (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01) with the highest scores recorded in the high caries-increment groups. Using as discriminating variables number of meals/day, daily consumption of sucrose and other sugars and number of lactobacilli and S. mutans in the saliva, 77% of the 8-yr-olds and 70% of the 13-yr-olds were correctly classified with regard to net caries increment. If GBJ %, tooth-brushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste and NaF-mouthrinse were included in the analysis another 4% of the 8-yr-olds and 11% of the 13-yr-olds could be correctly classified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Mortality and cancer incidence among Swedish dock workers--a retrospective cohort study.

The study originates from the arousal of suspicions that, in connection with loading and unloading work involving the use of trucks, exposure to diesel exhaust fumes may be carcinogenic. This report describes a register study in which a broad mapping of the cause-of-death pattern and cancer morbidity has been carried out through the matching of locally compiled personal data with those from a central register, the Cause-of-Death Register, and the Cancer Register. The results obtained thus far show a low total mortality--irrespective of cause of death--but a tendency towards an excess risk for cancer morbidity, mainly due to lung cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Effects of hemodilution on skeletal muscle blood flow and blood viscosity in vivo after splanchnic stasis.

Pressure-flow relationships and apparent viscosity in vivo were determined in the skeletal muscle of the dog in experimental shock induced by splanchnic venous stasis and after subsequent hemodilution with low molecular weight dextran. The calf muscles of one hind limb were surgically isolated and pressure-flow curves constructed for blood and a cell-free reference solution during vasodilation. The apparent viscosity in vivo was determined by comparing the flow values for blood and the reference solution at identical perfusion pressures. A shock state with hypotension and hemoconcentration was induced by laparotomy and splanchnic venous stasis. Hemodilution was subsequently produced by low molecular weight dextran. After splanchnic stasis, skeletal muscle blood flow decreased and viscosity in vivo increased disproportionately in relation to the increase in hematocrit. Hemodilution could reverse the flow and viscosity changes induced during the shock period. It is concluded that a shock state associated with hemoconcentration results in flow stagnation in the skeletal muscle with increased in vivo viscosity and that the changes can be reversed by hemodilution.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intestinal hemodynamic effects of dextran-induced hyperviscosity in the cat.

A hyperviscous state with red cell aggregation and increased plasma viscosity was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of high molecular weight dextran. A segment of the small intestine was isolated with intact vascular and nervous supply and placed in a plethysmograph for determination of the intestinal tissue volume and capillary filtration coefficient. The intestinal blood flow was measured by a drop recorder unit. Measurements of intestinal blood flow, flow resistance and capillary filtration coefficient were performed during normotension and regional hypotension before and after infusion of high molecular weight dextran. After infusion of high molecular weight dextran, there was a twofold increase of blood viscosity and a threefold increase of plasma viscosity. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate exceeded 100 mm/h. Intestinal blood flow decreased by 35% during normotension and by 45% during regional hypotension. Intestinal flow resistance increased by 45% during normotension and by 65% during hypotension. The capillary filtration coefficient was not affected by the dextran infusion. It is concluded that the intestinal hemodynamic effects of high molecular weight dextran are mainly dependent of the increased plasma viscosity and that the number of perfused capillaries is not reduced by obstructing red cell aggregates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of cysteamine on pain behaviour and on somatostatin- and substance P-like immunoreactivity in the substantia gelatinosa of the rat.

Immunohistochemical studies on rats showed cysteamine to deplete immunoreactive somatostatin, but not substance P, in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal cord. The effect of cysteamine treatment on chemical pain was investigated using capsaicin as the pain-producing stimulus. Thermal pain was assessed with a hot plate test after cysteamine treatment. It was found that cysteamine did not alter the hind paw lick latency in the hot plate test or the number of forepaw wipes after application of a drop of capsaicin into the cornea, compared to normal animals. In capsaicin-treated animals a significantly lower number of forepaw wipes were seen after corneal capsaicin application. However, in cysteamine-treated animals slower wiping was observed compared to untreated and capsaicin-treated animals. This suggests that somatostatin may be of importance for the modulation of nociceptive information, although it is not a major pain transmitter.

Animals↗