Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Guariglia

Publications and source records attributed to L Guariglia.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal sonographic fetal biparietal diameter/kidney length ratio in early pregnancy as a screening tool for renal malformations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to produce by 7.0 MHz high resolution transvaginal scan early in pregnancy normal values of biparietal diameter/kidney length ratio that can be used as reference ranges. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a transvaginal high-resolution sonography was performed between 11 and 16 weeks' gestation in 807 pregnant women with a history of regular cycles, singleton pregnancies and absence of fetal malformations. Measurements of kidney length and biparietal diameter were obtained in all cases and biparietal diameter/kidney length ratio was plotted against gestational age. RESULTS: The values of biparietal diameter/kidney length ratio were found to be fairly constant throughout the period evaluated. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that this new age-independent ratio can be useful in the early detection of some fetal kidney malformations affecting normal growth.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early transvaginal measurement of transcerebellar diameter in Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the screening utility of early transvaginal measurement of the transverse cerebellar diameter for identification of Down syndrome fetuses. METHOD: Measurements of the transverse cerebellar diameter were obtained by transvaginal sonography between 11 and 16 weeks of gestation in 544 fetuses with a normal karyotype and in 37 Down syndrome fetuses. RESULTS: The transverse cerebellar diameter was found to show a fairly constant increment of values throughout the period evaluated with a linear relationship to the gestational age. The measurements obtained in Down syndrome fetuses are within the normal range for gestational age. CONCLUSION: The transverse cerebellar diameter cannot be considered a useful tool in the detection of Down syndrome in early pregnancy.

Cerebellum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early transvaginal measurement of cephalic index for the detection of down syndrome fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to produce normal cephalic index values by transvaginal scan early in pregnancy and to evaluate the screening utility of this measurement for the identification of fetuses at risk for Down syndrome. METHOD: In this prospective cross-sectional study, transvaginal high-resolution sonography was performed between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation in 1,087 euploid fetuses and 36 Down syndrome fetuses. Measurements of the cephalic index, calculated as the ratio biparietal diameter/occipito-frontal diameter, were plotted against gestational age. RESULTS: The cephalic index was found to show fairly constant values throughout the period evaluated. The best correlation with gestational age was described by a linear correlation. All the measurements obtained in Down syndrome fetuses were within the normal ranges. CONCLUSION: Our data show that in early pregnancy the cephalic index cannot be considered a useful tool in the detection of fetuses at risk for Down syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebellar hypoplasia: could it be a sonographic finding of abnormal fetal karyotype in early pregnancy?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the screening utility of early transvaginal measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter for the identification of fetuses with abnormal karyotype. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the transverse cerebellar diameters of 56 fetuses with abnormal karyotypes (study group) and 1,892 euploid fetuses (control group) at 11-16 weeks of gestation. A nomogram with confidence intervals (10th and 90th percentile) was established for transverse cerebellar diameters versus gestational age in the control fetuses and individual values for chromosomally abnormal fetuses were plotted. A regression equation of expected transverse cerebellar diameter for each gestational age was calculated from 100 euploid fetuses chosen randomly and applied to the remaining control fetuses and to the study group fetuses. The ratio of observed to expected cerebellar diameters was calculated in the control group and compared with those obtained in single chromosome anomalies. RESULTS: The measurements obtained in aneuploid fetuses are within the normal range for gestational age. Only in 2 of the 37 Down syndrome fetuses and in 2 of the 4 fetuses with trisomy 13 was the observed to expected measurement ratio below the 5th percentile for gestational age. CONCLUSION: In our experience, the measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter cannot be considered as a useful tool in the detection of aneuploidy in early pregnancy. The data concerning trisomy 13 are too small, so that caution should be exercised when supposing an association between cerebellar hypoplasia detectable by early transvaginal scan and risk of this aneuploidy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal assessment of fetal anatomy at 11 to 16 weeks of gestation in relation to fetal position.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of the high-frequency transvaginal scanning technique to assess embryo-fetal anatomy in early pregnancy in relation to fetal position and in comparison with transabdominal scan. METHODS: A study population of 1,402 pregnant women were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography performed at 10(+1) to 16(+0) weeks of pregnancy. At 14(+1) to 16(+0) weeks of gestation, an ultrasonographic examination was performed in 247 pregnant women by transvaginal and transabdominal route. The criteria necessary for an adequate visualization of fetal organs and structures were met. RESULTS: The visualization rate of complete fetal anatomy increased with increase in menstrual age and fetal position affected this possibility. A detailed brain anatomy was more easily viewed with the fetus in the cephalic or transverse position than in the breech position, whereas the thoracic and abdominal anatomy were viewed more easily with the transverse position compared to the cephalic or breech position. Complete surveys of fetal anatomy were possible in 50% and 62% of women with transabdominal scan and in 85% and 85% with transvaginal one at 15 and 16 weeks' gestation, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A detailed assessment of fetal structures was possible in most cases at 13 weeks of gestation. Fetal position can influence this capability. At 14(+1) to 15(+0) weeks' gestation more anatomical surveys were completed with a transvaginal scan compared to a transabdominal one and this was influenced by fetal position.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cisterna magna in fetuses with abnormal karyotype.

The fetal cisterna magna was measured by transvaginal sonography in early pregnancy in 525 pregnant women at increased genetic risk in order to test whether the measurements thus obtained afforded a sonographic marker for abnormal fetal karyotype. The measurements of the cisterna magna increased as pregnancy progressed and showed a good linear correlation with gestational age (r = 0.616; p < 0.001). Chromosome abnormalities were found in 23 fetuses. In all these cases, the cisterna magna measurements were normal, and no differences were observed between fetuses with normal and abnormal karyotype in the different periods tested. While transvaginal sonographic measurement of the cisterna magna is easy to perform in early pregnancy, it is a poor screening test for the detection of abnormal fetal karyotypes.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal ultrasound detection of septated and non-septated cystic hygroma in early pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of sonographic transvaginal signs of cystic hygroma and fetal outcome. METHOD: Diagnosis was made in 11 cases at 9.1-13.4 weeks of gestation. Fetal karyotype, presence of septations and other associated malformations were considered. The volume of septated and non-septated cystic hygromas was compared by a t test with a statistical significance of p < 0.01. RESULTS: Septation of the hygroma was found in 4 cases and fetal death occurred in 3 of these with an abnormal karyotype. Five fetuses demonstrated regression of the hygroma within the 19th week. The volume of septated and non-septated cystic hygromas are statistically different (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of cystic hygromas is possible in early pregnancy by transvaginal scan. Prognosis varies depending on fetal karyotype, volume, presence of septations and other associated malformations. The volume of the hygroma and the presence of septa are associated with a higher incidence of chromosomopathies and a poorer fetal prognosis.

Adult↗