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Biomedical subjects

L Granger

Publications and source records attributed to L Granger.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Immediate effects of dimenhydrinate on uterine contraction and the fetal cardiac rhythm during labor].

The effects of intravenous administration of 100 mg of dimenhydrinate (Gravol) were studied in 20 patients during active spontaneous labour. The uterine activity and the fetal heart rate were monitored by an invasive technique. After administration of the medication the uterine activity increases significantly, and in 20% of the cases decelerations in the fetal heart rate of the hypoxic type occurred. Because of its unpredictable effects, this drug should be used with care during labour.

Dimenhydrinate↗
PubMed1982

Voluntary control of autonomic responses: a case for a dialogue between individual and group experimental methodologies.

This paper discusses the general methodological controversy between individual and group research approaches by comparing the main characteristics of these two methods as applied to the specific context of basic research on voluntary heart rate control. A review of the literature published over the past 19 years in this area of study shows an imbalance in the frequency of utilization of these two methods that strongly favors shortterm group designs. Implications of this research tendency are discussed. The relevance and the advantages of applying the individual approach to voluntary autonomic control research are outlined. This area is particularly amenable to the individual approach because the phenomena under study seem to be characterized by, among other things, a smaller intrasubject than intersubject variability. It is suggested that the present imbalanced tendency in the choice of a research method be corrected and that researchers adopt a more flexible attitude in the choice of the best method for studying each specific problem.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1982

Clomiphene and dexamethasone in women unresponsive to clomiphene alone.

Twelve oligomenorrhic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) in whom clomiphene (250 mg daily for 5 days) and 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin had failed to induce ovulation were treated with clomiphene and dexamethasone. Eight of the 12 women underwent complete hormonal assessment during treatment. Six of the 12 ovulated and 1 conceived. Serum total and unbound estradiol and testosterone (T), serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding-globulin binding capacity (SHBG-BC), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured during clomiphene and dexamethasone therapy. SHBG-BC increased in response to clomiphene whether or not ovulation occurred. After treatment with clomiphene and dexamethasone there was a significant decrease in serum T, unbound T, and DHEA-S 2 weeks after dexamethasone administration, but there were no change in LH, FSH, or PRL. In patients who ovulated after clomiphene and dexamethasone, T and unbound T increased again after clomiphene was begun despite the continuation of dexamethasone. The women who ovulated after clomiphene and dexamethasone treatment had significantly higher pretreatment levels of DHEA-S than those who did not ovulate. Clomiphene and dexamethasone treatment may be beneficial to women who have elevated levels of DHEAS and who fail to ovulate with maximum doses of clomiphene.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1981

Elevations in unbound serum estradiol as a possible mechanism for inappropriate gonadotropin secretion in women with PCO.

Twenty-three women considered to have polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) were studied in an effort to better understand the mechanism of inappropriate secretion (IGS) which is so characteristic of these women. Criteria for PCO included oligomenorrhea, infertility, an obesity index (ponderal index, PI) < 12, and an LH:FSH ratio > 3. The mean +/- SE weight and PI for this group were 175 +/- 7.5 lbs. and 11.2 +/- 0.2 respectively. Weight was not correlated with steroid levels in PCO or control women. The mean (+/- SE) of serum androgen concentrations (DHEA-S: 2.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml; androstenedione: 2.6 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; and testosterone: 47 +/- 5 ng%) were all significantly higher than those in control women (p < .05). Total serum estradiol (E2) was comparable to those of controls in the follicular phase, while estrone (E1): E2 ratios averaged 2:1. Serum sex hormone binding globulin-binding capacity (SHBG-BC) averaged 56.8 +/- 4.2 nM which was significantly lower than that of controls (p < .05). The percent unbound E2 was significantly elevated in PCO (62% vs 37%). The mass of unbound E2 was also significantly higher in PCO women (40 +/- 3 pg/ml) than in controls (17 +/- 2 pg/ml) (p < .005). Serum LH:FSH ratios had a positive correlation with the relative and absolute concentration of unbound E2. In control women, unbound E2 correlated significantly with LH levels. This suggests that IGS characteristically found in PCO patients and exemplified by elevated LH;FSH ratios, is the result of the feedback response to elevated levels of unbound (i.e., biologically active) E2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Information and reward in voluntary heart rate control.

Two studies are reported which examined the relative effects of the pressence and absence of monetary incentives and instructions in a heart rate (HR) regulation task. Twelve male undergraduates were offered seven sessions of feedback assisted voluntary HR control training. In Experiment 1 six S s attempted to increase their HR with the aid of a "success," or positive binary visual signal. In Experiment 2 six S s were instructed to decrease their HR and were assisted by a "failure," or negative binary visual signal. In both studies the presence or absence of E's specific instructions to control HR was systematically varied from sessions 4 to 7. S s were paid on only half of the feedback trials of each session. These variables were thus systematically varied in a within-subject design. The main results suggest that (a) the instructions and monetary incentives significantly facilitated HR acceleration while showing no effects on HR deceleration; (b) in the no-instructions, no-incentive condition, HR control was minimal. The general hypothesis that Estes' interpretation of information and reward apply to human voluntary HR control received some support. It would appear that contrary to a traditional view, the exteroceptive feedback per se does not necessarily act as a reinforcer of the behavior, as witnessed for instance in the no-instructions, no-incentive conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Behavioral approach and community health.].

According to the behavioural approach, man is the product of his interaction with the environment. Normal as well as pathological behaviours are seen as the result of learning. Even individual subjectivity is perceived as a collection of internal behaviours responding to the same laws as overt behaviour. The therapeutic intervention consists therefore in the restructuring of learning conditions so as to eliminate problem behaviours from the individual's repertoire, and to replace them with more adapted behaviours. The approach does not, however, provide a definition of adaptation. The latter is a value judgement, made by society or the interventive agent, with respect to the individual's behaviour. Serious ethical problems can be posed and the interventive agent must take them into consideration. At the level of intervention in community health the behavioural approach suggests the use of milieu ressources to settle individual problems. Therefore the consultant becomes an educator and a planner in resource-utilization rather than a "therapist" in the traditional sense of the term>> This approach provides very powerful methods of action at the level of primary and tertiary prevention and of evaluation of interventive success.

English Abstract↗