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Biomedical subjects

L Granath

Publications and source records attributed to L Granath.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in children from 12 to 17 years of age.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in proximal surfaces of permanent molars and premolars. The material consisted of 47 subjects who had consumed fluoride tablets for a minimum of 5 yr between 1/2 and 6 yr of age in accordance with recommendations from the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare (F+-group) and 69 comparable children who had never consumed such tablets (F(-)-group). All had resided since birth in an area with a water fluoride concentration of 0.2 ppm and had been exposed to fluorides in toothpaste, mouthrinse solution and varnish since at least the age of 6. The children were examined by means of bitewing radiographs at the ages of 12, 13, 14 and 17. Two confounding factors, i.e. salivary counts of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, were estimated and used for correction of crude caries differences. The mean values of these factors were higher in the F(-)-group than in the F+-group. The results showed a statistically significantly higher caries prevalence in the F(-)-group compared to the F+-group when the children were 14-yr-old, 4.4 vs. 2.9 DFS, corresponding to a caries reduction of about 34%. After correction for confounding, this was reduced to 24%, representing a non-significant difference of 1.1 DFS but still indicating a preeruptive effect. At the age of 17, the difference in caries prevalence was statistically not significant, 7.1 vs. 5.6 DFS, corresponding to a reduction of 21%. Based on corrected data, this was reduced to 15%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis of mild enamel fluorosis in permanent maxillary incisors using two scoring systems.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the diagnosis of mild enamel fluorosis as established by two scoring systems, that of Dean based primarily on quantitative aspects and that of Thylstrup & Fejerskov with a preferentially qualitative approach. A further aim was to study the prevalence of fluorosis in permanent maxillary incisors after intake of fluoride tablets for a minimum of 5 yr between 1/2 and 6 yr of age in accordance with recommendations from the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. Maxillary incisors were examined in 118 13-yr-old children; 49 constituted a tablet group and the remaining 69 a control group who had never consumed tablets. Scored according to Dean, the difference in enamel fluorosis between the two groups was statistically not significant at the 5% level, whereas the system of Thylstrup & Fejerskov did give a significant difference. The frequency of fluorosis was substantially lower than that resulting from consumption of drinking water in Uppsala, Sweden, containing 1-1.2 ppm F. A probable relationship was found between the scoring systems, particularly if the Dean score 0.5 ("questionable") was converted to score 1. To ensure correct diagnosis, the tooth surface should be exposed to prolonged drying and apply relevant criteria for the differential diagnosis of disturbances of other origin. The higher sensitivity of Thylstrup & Fejerskov's system relates to score 1, narrow white lines located corresponding to perikymata. Here there seems to be a risk of over- or underdiagnosing. Recommendations are given for epidemiologic surveys and for experimental trials of limited size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Model for the study of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in permanent teeth.

The purpose of this study was to elaborate a model for estimating the caries-reducing effect of a preventive measure with due consideration of background factors. The material comprised 50 children, who had consumed NaF tablets regularly during preschool age, and 76 comparable children who had never consumed NaF tablets. They were all examined at 12 and 13 yr of age. Information on caries and, as confounding factors, dietary habits, oral hygiene and microbiologic variables, was obtained on both occasions. Correlations between the parameters and caries, their discriminating effects and interaction between them were studied. The results showed that correction for confounding diminished the crude caries-reducing effect of NaF tablets. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli turned out to be the strongest confounders to discriminate well as single variables and to behave logically in analyses of interaction. Therefore, these factors are recommended in the first place for inclusion in a correction model. If the material is sufficiently large for a further breakdown, oral hygiene (represented by bleeding on probing) could be added. The model will be used in future studies of the preeruptive effect of NaF tablets on caries in permanent teeth in the same population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Early prediction of long-term margin adaptation of dental amalgam restorations.

The present study assessed the predictive value of an indirect metric method for the early detection of margin defects of amalgam restorations, relative to results using a direct clinical method. The material consisted of plaster casts of amalgam restorations taken at 1- and 2-yr examinations of four different amalgam-treatment combinations. The widest margin defect of each restoration was measured in a dissection microscope equipped with a metric scale in the ocular. The ranking order obtained from the metric measurements of the different amalgam-treatment combinations after 1 and 2 yr was compared with that obtained from the direct clinical evaluation after 2 yr. Finally, the rank order of those restorations rated Alfa (no visible evidence, along the margin, of a crevice (ditch) into which an explorer will penetrate) at the 2-yr clinical examination was studied in relation to the 1-yr metric measurements. For the total material, the rank order based on the metric measurements of the margin defects of the four amalgam-treatment combinations agreed with that obtained with the clinical rating. In the 1-yr data, where the metric technique was applied only on the restorations rated Alfa at the 2-yr clinical evaluation, the order of two neighboring combinations was reversed; otherwise the same rank order was obtained. It is recommended that the clinical performance of new brands of amalgam alloy are tested in short-term, small-scale studies using the metric evaluation technique, before more extensive field studies over longer periods are instituted, in order to sort out unsatisfactory materials and treatment techniques at an early stage.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Dietary habits and oral hygiene as predictors of caries in 3-year-old children.

The value of defined levels of oral hygiene and dietary habits for predicting caries was investigated. The material comprised 143 3-yr-olds. Three levels of oral hygiene and dietary habits, respectively, were used. Oral hygiene was registered as gingival status. Dietary habits were recorded by interview. Two groups were then formed by pooling stepwise the caries data for the nine possible combinations of oral hygiene and dietary habits and setting the most discriminating border, screening level, where the properties sensitivity and specificity simultaneously reached their highest value. Children with clean teeth, irrespective of dietary habits, and children with suitable dietary habits, provided they did not have general gingivitis with bleeding, might be regarded as no caries risks, while children with other combinations of oral hygiene and dietary habits were caries risks. The difference in decayed surfaces between the two groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The sensitivity was 0.89 and the specificity 0.70. The predictive value of a negative test (0.91) was higher than that of a positive test (0.64).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Effect of IRM on human dental pulp.

IRM has been shown to be superior to conventional ZnOE cements. This study is a biotechnical investigation of IRM's effect on the dental pulp with respect to its sealing capacity. Enamel-dentin test bodies with IRM fillings were used in the in vitro part, where insufficiencies in sealing were detected with compressed air. The in vivo part included 44 buccal cavities in intact premolars. In teeth in which the material effect of IRM was tested, the IRM fillings were sealed off from the saliva by acid etch and composite resin. The observation intervals were 1, 7 and 28 days. Histologic changes such as capillary dilatations and presence of inflammatory cells in the pulp adjacent to the dentinal tubules involved in the cavity preparation were registered. The in vitro test showed no leakage in five cases out of six. After extreme temperature cycling, the leakage was comparable with that of zinc-containing amalgam of traditional alloy. The pulpal changes were mild and mainly ascribed to the material effect of IRM, since no evidence was found of leakage of biologic importance.

Dental Bonding↗
PubMed1983

Is there not a strong relationship nowadays between caries and consumption of sweets?

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the consumption of sweets in the preceding three years and the occurrence of proximal caries in the posterior regions of 15-year-old schoolchildren. Information on proximal restorations, excluding the mesial surface of the 1st molar, was obtained from records of about 1,700 children. Thirty children with 0-2 restorations and another 30 with 6-8 were randomly selected, together with the 22 children who had 12-14 restorations. Later, recent bitewing radiographs were used to register the total number of DF surfaces in the relevant regions. The children were interviewed about average consumption of sweets: amount, money spent and frequency. The subjects were cross-tabulated according to the variables amount and frequency. The dependence of cost on each of these variables was found to be statistically significant. Combinations were constructed to give three consumption classes. The mean values of DF surfaces for the three classes appeared in a logical order but, owing to a wide dispersion around the means, the correlation between individual DF surfaces and consumption of sweets was statistically not significant. It was concluded that nowadays the consumption of sweets does not seem to be as strong a factor for the occurrence of caries as it used to be.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Margin adaptation of dispersion and traditional amalgams with reference to plasticity: a clinical comparison.

Margin adaptation of dental amalgam restorations made from traditional vs. dispersion-type alloy was compared by clinical evaluation with the reference to plasticity of the mix at insertion. Also, variations in sealing properties were assessed for precondensed and not-precondensed amalgam mixes of both alloys. The data presented confirm the clinical superiority of amalgam made from dispersed type alloy. A higher plasticity tended to result in less margin deterioration for amalgams of the traditional type alloy. In vitro leakage with the dispersion type amalgam far exceeded that of the traditional amalgam.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Failures and healing in endodontically treated non-vital anterior teeth with posttraumatically reduced pulpal lumen.

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the frequency of technical failures as well as the 4-year results of endodontic treatment in non-vital incisors with post-traumatically reduced pulpal lumen. In 54 teeth the smallest width of the root canal was measured and classified as 0. less than or equal 0.1, greater than 0.1- less than or equal to 0.2 or greater than 0.2 mm. The total frequency of failures was 20%. In upper incisors it was 15-17% in the classes up to a root canal width of 0.2 mm. In lower incisors with no or only partially visible root canal it was 71% and in the class up to 0.1 mm 10%, the difference being significant at the 5% level. The total frequency of healing after 4 years was 80%, while in teeth with a technical failure at the time of treatment the frequency was 50%. The difference between the group without and that with technical failures was statistically significant at the 5% level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A new interceptive treatment of cases with missing maxillary lateral incisors. A preliminary report.

A new approach to achieve space closure in cases with missing maxillary lateral incisors is presented. The maxillary first primary molar is extracted just before the eruption of the first permanent molar to make mesial drifting into distal occlusion between the permanent molars possible, which is requested to compensate for the missing incisor. Prerequisites for the treatment and preliminary results are demonstrated.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1980

Effect of mouthrinsing with a sodium fluoride solution in children with different caries experience.

The present study was designed to investigate the pattern of the caries inhibiting effect of school fluoride mouthrinse programs in children of different baseline caries experience. In Phase I, 170 children 10 and 11 years of age were randomly assigned to a test group who rinsed with a 0.5% NaF solution once every 2 weeks for 3 years or to a control group who rinsed with distilled water. In Phase II, the dental records of 345 children were used. Here, the test group had rinsed weekly with a 0.2% NaF solution, while the control group consisted of children 3 years older who were not included in the program during the ages under study (10-11 to 13-14). The statistical analysis of the data was performed as linear regression of caries increments on baseline scores. The analyses included all tooth surfaces, as well as separate studies of proximal and free smooth surfaces, respectively. It was shown that caries increments increased as the baseline scores increased. The slope of the regression lines indicated that the fluoride mouthrinses were more effective in high caries groups than in low caries groups. The results are in agreement with earlier findings concerning the interaction between factors in the caries process.

Cariostatic Agents↗