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Biomedical subjects

L Gran

Publications and source records attributed to L Gran.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Hemispheric specialization for semantic and syntactic components of language in simultaneous interpreters.

Hemispheric specializations for semantic and syntactic components in Italian (L1) and English (L2) were studied with a dichotic listening test, simulating simultaneous interpretation tasks in 24 right-handed female interpretation students at the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori (SSLM) of the University of Trieste and in 12 right-handed female professional interpreters at the European Communities (EEC). The test involved the recognition of correct translations, translations with semantic errors, and translations with syntactic errors from L1 to L2 and vice versa. As an overall result, both students and interpreters gave significantly more correct answers when sentences in L2 as the target language were sent to the left ear. Students recognized significantly more sentences containing syntactic errors than did professional interpreters, while professional interpreters recognized significantly more sentences with semantic errors than did interpreting students. In regard to hemispheric specialization in interpreting students, no significant asymmetries were revealed in the recognition of semantic and syntactic errors. Professional interpreters showed a significant right-ear superiority in recognizing semantic errors in L1 and a significant left-ear superiority in recognizing semantic errors in L2. In the recognition of syntactic errors, professional interpreters showed significant left-ear superiority for L1 and significant right-ear superiority for L2. The prolonged practice in simultaneous interpreting strategies in EEC professional interpreters may account for some of their peculiar hemispheric specializations for languages revealed by this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Nausea in cancer patients. An analysis of its frequency and an evaluation of the treatment of nausea].

Frequency of nausea was investigated during the last six months of life of 342 patients who died from cancer in 1987. 44% received antiemetic treatment, but only 2% obtained complete relief. There was a close connection between opiate treatment, cytostatic treatment and nausea. The highest frequency of nausea was found among patients with gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer, whilst the lowest frequency was found in the prostate cancer group. We discuss antiemetic treatments in this connection.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1990

Cerebral lateralization in simultaneous interpretation.

Cerebral asymmetries for L1 (Italian), L2 (English), and L3 (French, German, Spanish, or Russian) were studied, by using a verbal-manual interference paradigm, in a group of Italian right-handed polyglot female students at the Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori (SSLM-School for Interpreters and Translators) of the University of Trieste and in a control group of right-handed monolingual female students at the Medical School of the University of Trieste. In an automatic speech production task no significant cerebral lateralization was found for the mother tongue (L1) either in the interpreting students or in the control group; the interpreting students were not significantly lateralized for the third language (L3), while weak left hemispheric lateralization was shown for L2. A significantly higher degree of verbal-manual interference was found for L1 than for L2 and L3. A significantly higher disruption rate occurred in the meaning-based mode of simultaneous interpretation (from L2 into L1 and vice versa) than in the word-for-word mode (from L2 into L1 and vice versa). No significant overall or hemispheric differences were found during simultaneous interpretation from L1 into L2 or from L2 into L1.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Completed questionnaires regarding suspected risk factors for skin cancer were completed by 178 cases of SCC of the skin in Saskatchewan, Canada, and 284 age- sex- and location-matched controls. Significant risk factors identified using chi2 analyses were: farming, family history of skin cancer, light eye color, blond or red hair color, skin types I or II, obvious freckles in childhood, history of severe sunburn, and the use of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. The following relative risks were identified: (1) All cases of SCC of the skin and matched controls: agricultural occupation 1.49, history of severe sunburn 1.49. (2) All men with SCC of the skin and matched controls: history of severe sunburn 1.36 (3) All women with SCC of the skin and matched controls: agricultural occupation 1.83, and skin types I or II 1.48. No association was noted on our study between a history of psoriasis and development of SCC. Neither was an association between smoking and SCC found.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Pain treatment of patients with cancer].

In Vestfold, with a population of 192,200, all patients who died from cancer in 1987 were followed retrospectively through their last six months. 61% (n = 342) had cancer-related pain and received analgesic treatment. In 9% pain remained a problem. In the same group, 74% suffered from other symptoms, such as nausea, dyspnoea, anxiety and depression. These symptoms were reduced efficiently in only 58%. Nausea was the main problem. We found a significant connection between nausea, chemotherapy and opiate treatment. Anxiety and depression were recognised in about 20% of the patients, and were seldom adequately relieved. In order to provide optimal quality of life, more attention should be drawn not only to pain but also to the other symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma.

Completed questionnaires regarding suspected risk factors for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were completed by 538 basal cell carcinoma patients and 738 age-, sex-, and location-matched controls in Saskatchewan. Significant risk factors were identified using chi2 analyses. Relative risks were subsequently computed. The following relative risks were identified: occupation of farming, 1.29; prominent freckles in childhood, 1.23; family history of skin cancer, 1.22; sunburn, 1.19; Irish, Scottish, Welsh mother, 1.19; light skin color, 1.18; red/blond hair color, 1.16; and working outdoors more than 3 hours/day in winter, 1.13: The average age of cases of BCC with a family history of skin cancer was significantly lower than cases of BCC with no family history of skin cancer (63.86 vs. 67.02 years, p = 0.018). No association was noted between BCC and psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Delay of retinal fluorescence as a death criterion].

Retinal fluoroscopy with measurement of the arm to retina circulation time can be used to evaluate the blood supply to the brain. When the brain tissue suffers from ischaemia as a result of circulatory failure, the arm to retina circulation time will be prolonged. Sixteen patients in deep coma resulting from serious cerebral disease were examined to verify cerebral ischaemia. The results of retinal fluoroscopy and cerebral angiography agreed. We find that retinal fluoroscopy is a simple and reliable method that can be used to detect brain death in comatose patients treated by automatic ventilation. We conclude that the main cerebral circulation can be regarded as occluded if the retinal fluorescence does not appear within 25 seconds after antecubital intravenous injection of fluoresceine. We suggest that the arm to retina circulation time exceeding 25 seconds may be used as a criterion of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Rational substitution therapy for steroid-treated patients.

A rational approach to glucocorticoid substitution therapy in steroid-treated surgical patients is described. Betamethasone acetate/phosphate as a single injection, depot-preparation, has been used in 1461 steroid-treated cases of major and minor surgery. No complications or signs of adrenocortical insufficiency druing the pre- and post-operative period were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Automatic physiotherapy instruction.

An automatic tape-recorder system constructed to provide intermittent physiotherapy instruction for postoperative patients is described. Eighty patients, who had been given nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia, were observed during the first 4 postoperative hours. Those who had received pre-operative physiotherapy instruction, responded well. They followed the programme and blood-gas analysis demonstrated elevations of arterial blood oxygen tensions after they had followed the instructions. The system can be recommended as a supplement to physiotherapy in a busy post-operative ward. It also protects the patient from unpleasant noises in the environment.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1976

A multipurpose rubber adaptor.

A multipurpose rubber right-angle adaptor has been described. Thic can connect the patient to both masks and endotracheal tubes in several anaesthetic systems.

Anesthesiology↗