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Biomedical subjects

L Goodman

Publications and source records attributed to L Goodman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Neuroleptic-induced vacuous chewing movements as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia: a study in three rat strains.

Vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in three different rat strains developed at considerably different rates after 19 weeks of continual haloperidol treatment at an average daily dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats displayed relatively high rates of VCMs with low variability, compared to Wistar (W) and Long Evan (LE) rats. Atropine decreased but did not abolish VCMs in two of the three strains (LE greater than SD). After haloperidol withdrawal, VCMs remitted gradually in all strains, but least rapidly in the SD rats. In a separate group of SD rats. VCMs were rated weekly from the start of haloperidol treatment and showed considerable interindividual variability. Even after 24 weeks of continuous haloperidol, 12 out of 32 treated rats showed no VCMs at all, while 13 out of 32 had intense movements, analogous to the clinical situation in which only some patients treated with neuroleptics develop tardive dyskinesia. These results indicate that there are individual and strain differences in the development of VCMs, and suggest that there may also be genetically determined differences in the development of tardive dyskinesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prescription of aerobic exercise during pregnancy.

Available evidence supports the existence of both risks and benefits of aerobic conditioning during human pregnancy. During intensive exertion, maternal skeletal muscle and the fetus may compete for blood flow, oxygen delivery and essential fuel substrates. Hence, the most important hypothetical risks include acute fetal hypoxia, hyperthermia and malnutrition. If exercise is repeated on a chronic basis, teratogenic effects, fetal growth retardation or altered fetal development may result if maternal/fetal adaptive reserve is exceeded. A dose-response relationship for such effects has been demonstrated in laboratory animals, but specific findings may have limited applicability to voluntary exercise in pregnant women. Although further investigation is needed, the majority of published studies suggest that fitness-type conditioning does not jeopardise fetal well-being in healthy well-nourished women. Benefits of such exercise appear to include increases in maximal aerobic power (VO2max, L/min) and enhanced cardiopulmonary reserve. It has also been proposed that exercise prevents accumulation of excess body fat, promotes psychological well-being, helps to prevent gestational diabetes and low back pain and may facilitate labour. However, these benefits remain to be confirmed by objective scientific study. Due primarily to a lack of scientific data, existing medical guidelines for exercise during pregnancy are conservative and follow a common sense approach. Good agreement exists on the need for preparticipation medical screening and continuing surveillance to verify the existence of maternal/fetal adaptive reserve. Women are advised to select safe, non-ballistic exercise modalities and to avoid thermal or hyperbaric environmental stress during exercise. Exercise in the supine position is also prudent to avoid, particularly in late gestation. The usefulness of heart rate in prescribing and monitoring exercise intensity has been questioned, with use of conventional perception of exertion scales being the most logical alternative. Prediction of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) from submaximal work rate/heart rate relationships is also problematic during pregnancy. Other areas of debate include the advisability of initiating a new exercise programme during pregnancy, methods for prevention of fetal hyperthermia, the safety of weight-training/isometric exercise and optimal methods for training of pre/postnatal fitness instructors.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Chlamydia trachomatis.

The in vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031) was determined and compared with that of 13 antibiotics against 401 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and 11 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. A-56268 was very active against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and was among the most active of the agents tested against Listeria monocytogenes, streptococci and Chlamydia trachomatis. It was moderately active against Haemophilus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. It was inactive against enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica. A-56268 was not consistently bactericidal or more active than erythromycin for any organism except Chlamydia trachomatis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pleural plaques and cigarette smoking in asbestos workers.

In a survey of 45 men aged 40 or over who had worked five years or more in an asbestos manufacturing plant, the prevalence of pleural plaques was studied with respect to age, duration of asbestos exposure, estimated cumulative asbestos dose, and smoking habit. Plaques were found in 38 to 53% of the men, depending on the interpretation of the chest film reader. Cigarette habit appeared to be the most important factor; the prevalence was lowest in non-smokers, intermediate in current smokers, and particularly high in exsmokers. There was some confounding of this relationship by estimated cumulative asbestos dose but such confounding did not seem to be sufficient to explain fully the relationship between the prevalence of plaques and smoking habit. Both factors must be considered in studies of the risk of pleural plaques in asbestos workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Non-invasive magnetopneumographic determination of lung dust loads in steel arc welders.

Magnetopneumography was used to measure non-invasively the concentration of the ferrimagnetic fraction of retained welding fume in the thoraces of steel arc welders. This was done by measuring the remanent magnetic fields due to ferrimagnetic particles. The 11 welders studied had concentrations of thoracic ferrimagnetic mineral several orders of magnitude greater than three machinists, 16 former asbestos insulators and 24 control subjects. These concentrations correlated well with total years welding (p less than 0.01) and radiographic evidence of small rounded densities (p less than 0.05), but not with smoking history. There was a higher concentration of ferrimagnetic mineral over the hilar regions. Magnetopneumography offers a non-invasive indicator of the accumulation of welding fume in the thorax.

Adult↗