Shifts in ATP synthesis during preimplantation stages of mouse embryos.
The actual and potential activities of the cyochrome system were studied in cleavage-stage mouse embroys. Activities were determined by assaying embroys for total ATP and the rates of [32-P]ATP synthesis both before and after their incubation in medium supplemented either with an energy coupling site inhibitor (antimycin, amytal or cyanide) or with the FADH-linked substrate, succinate. The data indicate that there are three major shifts in the mode of ATP production during preimplantation stages: the first, between the two-cell and late four-cell stages; the second, between the eight-celland late morula stages; and the third, between the late morula and late blastocyst stages. These data are discussed in relation to studies on the energy metabolism of cleavage and blastocyst stage mouse embryos.