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Biomedical subjects

L Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to L Gilbert.

137 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of problem drinking among drug-using incarcerated women.

The association between drug use--regular use of crack cocaine or heroin--and problem drinking was examined in a sample of 159 sentenced women at Rikers Island correction facility in New York City. Using logistic regression, this study tested the association between drug use and alcohol use, controlling for psychosocial variables (sexual abuse history, negative and positive coping skills, and depression), familial drug use (number of family members currently abusing drugs, and those currently abusing alcohol), and demographic variables and criminal history. The association between current, regular crack use and problem drinking approached significance in the final model, which adjusted for criminal behavior, demographic, familial abuse, and psychosocial variables. The results of this study point toward childhood sexual abuse, negative coping skills, and familial alcohol abuse as variables related to problem drinking among incarcerated women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex trading and psychological distress in a street-based sample of low-income urban men.

This article examines the relationship between sex trading and psychological distress and assesses sexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors and HIV seroprevalence in a sample of young men recruited from the streets of Harlem. The authors interviewed 477 men, aged 18 to 29 years, of whom 43 (9.0%) had received money or drugs in exchange for sex in the preceding 30 days and were categorized as sex traders. Psychological distress was measured by using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Sex traders scored significantly higher than non-sex traders on the General Severity Index and on all nine subscales of the BSI. According to multivariate analysis after adjusting for perceived HIV risk, current regular crack cocaine use and homelessness, sex traders scored 0.173 units higher on the General Severity Index than non-sex traders (p < .001). More of the sex traders tested positive for HIV (41% versus 19%, p < .001). The alarmingly high HIV seroprevalence rate in sex traders in this sample underscores the need to redouble HIV prevention efforts for this population. The high levels of psychological distress and crack cocaine dependence among sex traders may undermine their ability to adopt safer sex behaviors and should be considered in intervention designs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choosing a vessel for aortocoronary bypass.

In practice, the surgeon is left with few choices of the proper ACB graft. His options are limited entirely to autologous tissues, of which the best is the great saphenous vein from the calf (Table 3). Actually, once leg veins and the internal mammary artery are no longer available there are few other choices worth considering. Small calibre allografts, however preserved, and synthetic grafts, are uniformly doomed to failure. The great saphenous vein from the calf is usually a single tube, of suitable diameter and strength for arterial replacement. Most of its tributaries lie in the upper third of the calf; this makes the lower segment preferable for the patient who requires only one or two bypasses. Variations in the normal anatomy have been illustrated.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The converging epidemics of mood-altering-drug use, HIV, HCV, and partner violence: a conundrum for methadone maintenance treatment.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that partner violence may be associated with HIV risk behavior and drug use among women in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs), yet the mechanisms linking these overlapping problems remain unclear. The main purpose of this qualitative study is to explore in detail how drug-related activities and HIV risk behavior occur in the context of a recent episode of partner violence among women in MMTPs. METHOD: We conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with 31 women who reported having experienced physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner during the past year. Guided by existing research, feminist theory and trauma theory, we constructed a set of questions which were designed to explore multiple ways in which drug-related activities or HIV risk behavior may be linked directly or indirectly to the recent event. To examine the extent and significance of the woman sand/or her partner s drug-related activities or sexual HIV risk issues occurring immediately before, during and/or after the most recent event, we adapted a series of techniques for thematic analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS: Of the 31 women who reported recent events: 83.8 % (n=26) recalled recent events in which there was some drug-involvement; 40% (n=13) indicated that both she and her partner were involved in drug-related activities during the most recent event of partner abuse; 35% (n=11) reported that the partner was drug-involved; and only two women (6.4%) indicated that they alone had been drug-involved. One-fifth (19.3%, n=6) of the women indicated that they had used drugs immediately after the event because they were upset or in physical pain. One-fifth of the women (n=6) reported that they had coerced, unprotected sex during or after the most recent incident. CONCLUSIONS: The multiple ways in which the use of mood-altering drugs are related to partner violence and the occurrence of coerced, unprotected sex underscore the need to design specific interventions for preventing drug relapse, and HIV and HCV infection among abused women in MMTPs. Treatment and policy implications of study findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of arterio-venous fistulas for hemodialysis in children (author's transl].

From September 1977 till December 31st 1977, 21 arterio-venous fistulas were created in 18 children aged 6 to 15 years. Four early failures occured. The probability of fistula survival is 93% at 2 years for children treated only with hemodialysis. At the end of this same period of time, 62% of patients submitted to a combined treatment of hemodialysis followed by kidney transplantation have a functioning fistula. Overgrowth of the involved extremity, infection episodes and cardiac failure were not observed. One arteriovenous fistula is still functioning after 8 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual risk behavior of incarcerated, drug-using women, 1992.

In this study, sexual risk behavior of 104 incarcerated female drug users is examined. Findings demonstrate that incarcerated women who use drugs are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of their behavior prior to arrest. During the month prior to arrest, the majority of respondents were sexually active. Half reported past sexual contacts with injecting drug users, and more than one-third had traded sex for money or drugs. Consistent with other studies, condom use was more frequent with casual or commercial partners. Those who traded sex for money were less likely to be white Anglo or regular heroin users, and more likely to be regular crack users and alcoholic, have fathers who were drug or alcohol users, and perceive themselves as at-risk for contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Attitude↗