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Biomedical subjects

L Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to L Gilbert.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Replication of measles virus in the human plasma cell leukemia-derived LICR-LON-HMy2 cell line.

Measles virus is usually grown in human or monkey fibroblast cells. We now show that LICR-LON-HMy2 (LL2) cells, a human plasma cell leukemia-derived line which grows in suspension culture, will permissively support replication of measles virus to an extent achievable with Vero cells. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of measles virions produced by LL2 cells showed a polypeptide pattern typical of measles virus. As well, measles virus-infected LL2 cells, like infected Vero cells, were found to secrete large amounts of virus hemagglutinin, but not other virus proteins. We thus conclude that LL2 cells can be effectively used to produce milligram amounts of measles virus and that virus-clarified culture medium from measles virus-infected LL2 cells is a potential source for purifying virus hemagglutinin.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Racial classification in dental literature: is it always necessary?

The purpose of the present study is to describe and analyse the use of terms (black, coloured, white, indian, african and non-white) that classify people for research purposes along racial lines. All scientific articles published in the Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa, from Jan 1979 to Dec 1988, were reviewed. Of the 493 articles covered, 92 made use of one or more of the terms, and 10 (11 per cent) either explained, defined, referenced and/or justified their use, while 09 per cent of the articles did not do so. Based on these reviews, it may be concluded that the use of these terms is not always necessary or justified and can reinforce thinking in racial rather than in social and behavioural terms. The unjustified usage of racial variables may limit our theoretical perspectives and lead us into questionable research.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Social characteristics and oral health behaviour of families in Riverlea.

Planning of community health programmes requires a comprehensive "community diagnosis" as its basis, taking into account a complex range of health related factors. The family and particularly the mother play a crucial role in oral health. Thus, the social context, the source and extent of health information, as well as their oral health behaviour, can determine the mothers' function in promoting oral health. This study examined the social characteristics and oral health behaviour of families in Riverlea. One hundred and fifty seven mothers were interviewed in their homes using a structured questionnaire. The results reveal a picture where the percentage of 'broken' or single mother families is high. There is overcrowding in the homes combined with a low level of education and employment in mainly non-skilled, low-paid jobs. The utilisation of existing dental services was poor despite the fact that 43 per cent of the families are members of medical aid schemes. Almost one third of the mothers were edentulous. Although cost and other factors were cited as barriers for not 'going to the dentist', most of the respondents have a symptomatic approach to oral health which might be responsible for poor utilisation. The 'lay referral system' for obtaining information was common and teachers played a role in this process. The study identified various factors that adversely affect the process of development of good oral health and related behaviour in the home environment. Schools and supportive community networks as well as outside organizations could be enlisted to take part in the efforts to overcome the barriers identified and improve the situation.

Dental Health Surveys↗
PubMed1989

Hemostasis and cold knife cone biopsy: a prospective randomized trial comparing a suture versus non-suture technique.

Two methods of obtaining hemostasis after cold knife cone biopsy were compared in a prospective randomized trial involving 200 patients. One method relied primarily on hemostatic sutures, and the other involved the use of a styptic solution (Monsel's solution) and vaginal pack, thus avoiding the use of sutures altogether. The short- and long-term morbidity in these two groups were compared and 12-month follow-up was completed. The use of sutures did not reduce the incidence of primary hemorrhage. Secondary hemorrhage was twice as frequent in the suture group, although this trend did not quite reach statistical significance. During long-term follow-up, significantly more patients in the suture group developed menstrual symptoms, cervical stenosis, and unsatisfactory colposcopy, requiring further operative intervention as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The management of multiple pregnancy in women with a lower-segment caesarean scar. Is a repeat caesarean section really the 'safe' option?

Multiple pregnancy occurring in a patient who has previously had a lower-segment caesarean section is an unusual sequence of events. Retrospective analysis over an 11-year period in Sheffield from 1975 to 1985, revealed 25 cases, a rate of 1 in 3300 deliveries. The caesarean section rate in this group of women rose from 20% (3/15) in the first six years to 70% (7/10) in the latter years for no obvious reason. This change in management did not produce any improvement in fetal outcome but there was an increase in maternal morbidity. This analysis and a review of available literature suggest that multiple pregnancy is not in itself an indication for elective repeat caesarean section.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1988

Heterogeneity of the zymogen granule membranes in rat pancreas.

Zymogen granules (ZG) of rat pancreas have been isolated by the procedure of Pâquet et al. The granules lysed when exposed to alkaline pH (pH 8.2), and their membranes could be subfractionated by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Four discrete types of membranes corresponding to densities of 1.105, 1.085, 1.075, and 1.020 were obtained, designated types A, B, C, and D, respectively and characterized both by morphological and biochemical criteria. Electrophoretic profiles showed that they contain the same protein bands but in different proportions. Type A membranes are comprised of four major bands corresponding to molecular weights of 80, 69, 54, and 20 kDa, being in higher concentration than the others. Types B and C contain three major bands at 80, 54 and 20 kDa whereas type D is comprised of only two major bands at 69 and 54 kDa, the latter polypeptide corresponding to ATP-diphosphohydrolase activity which is present in all four membrane types. Freeze-fracture of rapidly frozen membranes, followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that type A are large superimposed sheets of membranes with amorphous material between sheets. The surface area of these sheets corresponds grossly to the surface of an intact ZG with a few intramembrane particles (IMP) distributed at random or in small aggregates on large smooth fracture planes. Types B and C exhibit a totally different aspect, forming closed vesicles about the size of a small ZG with few IMP distributed at random or in small aggregates on smooth fracture planes. Type D membranes are very small vesicles with no detectable IMP on relatively smooth fracture planes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Postpartum haemorrhage--a continuing problem.

The factors responsible for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in singleton vaginal deliveries, not complicated by a retained placenta, were identified by comparing labour characteristics in 86 women who had a PPH (blood loss greater than 500 ml) with 351 women whose blood loss at delivery was less than 350 ml. Primiparity, induction of labour by amniotomy/oxytocin, forceps delivery, long first and second stages, oxytocin compared with syntometrine (oxytocin plus ergometrine maleate), as a prophylactic oxytocic, were identified as significant risk factors. Epidural analgesia contributed indirectly to an increase in the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. The changes in labour ward practice over the last 20 years have resulted in the re-emergence of PPH as a significant problem.

Amnion↗