Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Gianaroli.
Arterial and venous microvascular surgery for diameters smaller than 2 mm are shown with particular care. Some technical devices are put in evidence. Besides their statistical data the Authors present immediate and long term post-operative controls which are usually applied. The most frequent causes of failure are discussed.
In a recent CD-ROM, we portrayed the microstructure of the pre-implantation human embryo (Sathananthan et al., 1999), which was a multimedia production with computer colour-enhanced electron micrographs of mainly monospermic embryos. This disk portrays light and electron micrographs of over 250 tripronuclear (3PN), dispermic, human embryos during pre-implantation development, viewed in thick and thin Araldite sections, as well as appearances of whole embryos flat embedded in Araldite blocks visualized with the light microscope. The 100 figures were computerized (IBM TIFF format), edited and labelled using Adobe Photoshop 5. Some of the figures were coloured on computer. The early development of 3PN embryos overtly resembles that of normal embryos but there are important differences in their microstructure which are portrayed in this presentation. This is a multicentric study involving researchers from four IVF centres.
The authors describe the factors influencing implantation with reference to uterine pathology; the role that it plays both in the case of failure of implantation and in the case of repeated abortions is discussed and the techniques of treatment in the presence of uterine pathology affecting fertility are listed.
Besides the well known indications for the use of IVF as a new therapeutic treatment, this technique may also be used as a diagnostic test for infertile couples in whom pregnancy was not achieved by previous treatments. IVF diagnostic test appears to be very reliable in the majority of cases. If the failure of fertilization occurs in the first attempt the test is not reliable; failure of fertilization after three or more attempts allows the patients to consider other options such as adoption or AID.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro culture of human embryos in the presence or absence of a Vero cell monolayer. DESIGN: Randomized prospective analysis. PATIENTS: Seventy-five couples were randomly allocated to either an experimental study group (embryos in co-culture) or a control group. RESULTS: A significantly higher cleavage rate (92%) was obtained in the co-culture group compared with the control group (83%). In addition, a higher percentage of morphologically superior embryos was observed in the co-culture group than in the control group, although no significant difference was found between the two groups in blastocyst development or clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: When taking final clinical results into consideration in a routine IVF program, the conventional method provides more practicality and efficiency if transfers are performed on either day 2 or 3. However, if embryos remain in culture, co-culture systems allow for replacements or cryopreservation at the blastocyst stage.