Hazard of piggy-back intravenous infusion and a possible solution.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
L Gemmell
Publications and source records attributed to L Gemmell.
Interleukin 4 (B-cell stimulatory factor 1) can enhance or antagonize the factor-dependent growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells.
Our studies show that although interleukin 4 (IL-4) fails to stimulate significant colony formation by bone marrow progenitor cells, it enhances erythroid, granulocyte, macrophage, and mast-cell colony formation when used as a costimulant with erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3 (IL-3), respectively. In contrast, IL-4 suppresses IL-3-dependent colony formation by granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells and by multipotential progenitor cells. Furthermore, it appears to inhibit the in vitro generation of colony-forming progenitor cells from immature IL-3-dependent stem cells. We also found that IL-4 inhibits stromal cell-dependent growth of bone marrow-derived pre-B cells. The ability of IL-4 to directly or indirectly regulate both positive and negative aspects of progenitor cell growth is discussed.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of lymphokine cDNA clones encoding mouse and human IgA-enhancing factor and eosinophil colony-stimulating factor activities: relationship to interleukin 5.
Conditioned medium from the Con A-treated mouse helper T-cell clone Ly1+2-/9 contains activities that enhance the production of IgA by mouse B cells and induce human cord blood cells to form eosinophil colonies. We have isolated a cDNA sequence that expresses IgA-enhancing factor and eosinophil colony-stimulating factor activities from a cDNA library prepared from activated Ly1+2-/9 cells. Based on homology with the mouse cDNA sequence, a human cDNA sequence coding for an interleukin with IgA-enhancing factor and eosinophil colony-stimulating factor activities was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from a human T-cell clone stimulated with anti-T3 antibody and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. DNA sequence analyses revealed that mouse and human cDNA clones encode proteins of 133 and 134 amino acids, respectively, that are identical to cDNA clones encoding the T-cell replacing factor I and B-cell growth factor II activities. These results establish that a single cDNA clone encodes a protein that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Control of hemopoiesis by a bone marrow stromal cell clone: lipopolysaccharide- and interleukin-1-inducible production of colony-stimulating factors.
A stromal cell line, GY30, was cloned from mouse bone marrow adherent cell layers. In culture, GY30 cells sustain the production of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFU) but fail to support the survival of pluripotential stem cells (CFU-S). GY30 cells secrete two growth factor activities distinct from interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-2, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) but functionally similar to GM-CSF and G-CSF. The production of both CSFs is increased 70- to 200-fold by treating GY30 cells with lipopolysaccharide or IL-1. RNA blot analysis reveals the presence of GM-CSF and G-CSF transcripts and demonstrates that IL-1 regulates the production of both factors at the mRNA level. Further, these studies show that the GM-CSF secreted by GY30 cells is structurally similar to the GM-CSF produced by activated T cells.
Animals↗
Development of malignant hyperthermia obscured by cardiopulmonary bypass.
An episode of malignant hyperthermia occurring in a two-year-old child undergoing cardiac surgery is reported. The coincidental usage of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass obscured the classical presenting signs and symptoms of the syndrome. Once the clinical diagnosis was confirmed, rapid reversal was achieved with the administration of dantrolene sodium.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
Isolation of cDNA for a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by functional expression in mammalian cells.
A cDNA sequence coding for a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from mRNA derived from concanavalin A-activated human T-cell clones. The libraries constructed in the pcD vector system were screened by transfecting COS-7 monkey cells with DNA pools to express the products encoded by full-length cDNA inserts. By assaying the cell supernatants, we identified clones encoding a factor that stimulates the formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies from human progenitor cells. These results demonstrate that identification of full-length cDNAs for many colony-stimulating factors may be achieved entirely on the basis of detecting the functional polypeptide produced in mammalian cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Use of moderate hypothermia and benzodiazepines in cerebral salvage.
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Benzodiazepines↗