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Biomedical subjects

L Galland

Publications and source records attributed to L Galland.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of Candida albicans plus histamine on prostaglandin E2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy women and women with recurrent candidal vaginitis.

The in vitro production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to viable Candida albicans, histamine, and C. albicans plus histamine was examined. With PBMC from 10 healthy women, C. albicans but not histamine induced PGE2 at a low level (100 pg/ml). However, C. albicans plus histamine acted synergistically to stimulate PGE2 production (448 pg/ml). PBMC from 8 of 10 women with recurrent candidal vaginitis also produced maximal levels of PGE2 in the presence of C. albicans plus histamine. Production of tumor necrosis factor by PBMC from patients and controls was unaffected by histamine in both the presence and absence of C. albicans. However, unlike the controls, PBMC from six of the patients who were atopic and from two nonatopic patients spontaneously released PGE2 in vitro. Addition of 4 or 10 units/ml interferon-gamma inhibited spontaneous and C. albicans-induced PGE2 production by PBMC. These data reinforce the evidence that immediate hypersensitivity responses may be involved in the etiology of recurrent candidal vaginitis.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral factors and urinary tract infection.

Voiding and sexual habits of 84 female university students with a history of recurrent urinary infection were compared with those of a control group. There was one highly significant difference between the two groups: 61% of the patients but only 11% of the controls gave a history of regular voluntary deferral of micturition for periods of one hour to longer than six hours. Sexual practices among patients and controls were remarkably similar. A behavioral regimen stressing regular, complete bladder emptying was shown to be effective in preventing reinfection in the patient group. Voluntary urinary retention may play a pathogenic role in women with recurrent urinary tract infection, and its correction may play an important part in the management of urinary tract infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Recurrent cystitis.

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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Sub-acute toxicity of xylitol in rats; absence of hepatotoxicity.

Some workers have suggested that 6 days xylitol administration to rats results in hepatic dysfunction. In our study xylitol was administered to rats by daily gastric intubation for a period of 14 days. Dose levels were 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg. During treatment (2, 5 and 14 days), animals were submitted to careful clinical examinations and to blood serum analysis related to hepatic functions. They were sacrificed after 2, 5, and 14 days treatment. In the 2 and 5 days treatment groups, main organs were submitted to histological study. This examination was only performed on liver in the 14 days treatment group. No evidence of hepatotoxicity was recorded. Serum levels of all parameters measured were within normal limits (including bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP). No anomalies were shown histologically.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnesium, stress and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Magnesium has a profound effect on neural excitability; the most characteristic signs and symptoms of Mg deficiency are produced by neural and neuromuscular hyperexcitability. These create a constellation of clinical findings termed tetany syndrome (TS). TS symptoms include muscle spasms, cramps and hyperarousal, hyperventilation and asthenia. Physical signs (Chvostek's, Trousseau's or von Bonsdorff's) and abnormalities of the electromyogram or electroencephalogram can usually be elicited. Signs and symptoms of TS are frequently encountered in clinical practice, especially among patients with functional or stress-related disorders. The role of Mg deficit in TS is suggested by relatively low levels of serum or erythrocyte Mg and by the clinical response to oral Mg salts, which has been demonstrated in controlled studies. Among the more serious neurologic sequelae of TS are migraine attacks, transient ischemic attacks, sensorineural hearing loss and convulsions. Mg deficiency may predispose to hyperventilation and may sensitize the cerebral vasculature to the effects of hypocarbia. Mg deficiency increases susceptibility to the physiologic damage produced by stress, and Mg administration has a protective effect; studies on noise stress and noise-induced hearing loss are taken as an example. In addition, the adrenergic effects of psychological stress induce a shift of Mg from the intracellular to the extracellular space, increasing urinary excretion and eventually depleting body stores. Drugs used in neurology and psychiatry may affect Mg levels in blood and may diminish signs of tetany, making assessment of Mg status more difficult. Pharmacologic use of Mg can decrease neurologic deficit in experimental head trauma, possibly by blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. In conjunction with high doses of pyridoxine, Mg salts benefit 40% of patients with autism, possibly by an effect on dopamine metabolism.

Animals↗