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Biomedical subjects

L G Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to L G Wilson.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Light-dependent Emission of Hydrogen Sulfide from Plants.

With the aid of a sulfur-specific flame photometric detector, an emission of volatile sulfur was detected from leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The emission was studied in detail in squash and pumpkin. It occurred following treatment of the roots of plants with sulfate and was markedly higher from either detached leaves treated via the cut petiole, or whole plants treated via mechanically injured roots. Bisulfite elicited higher rates of emission than sulfate. The emission was completely light-dependent and increased with light intensity. The rate of emission rose to a maximum and then declined steadily toward zero in the course of a few hours. However, emission resumed after reinjury of roots, an increase in light intensity, an increase in sulfur anion concentration, or a dark period of several hours.The emission was identified as H(2)S by the following criteria: it had the odor of H(2)S; it was not trapped by distilled H(2)O, but was trapped by acidic CdCl(2) resulting in the formation of a yellow precipitate, CdS; it was also trapped by base and the contents of the trap formed methylene blue when reacted with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and Fe(3+).H(2)S emission is not the cause of leaf injury by SO(2), since bisulfite produced SO(2) injury symptoms in dim light when H(2)S emission was low, while sulfate did not produce injury symptoms in bright light when H(2)S emission was high.The maximum rates of emission observed, about 8 nmol min(-1) g fresh weight(-1), are about the activity that would be expected for the sulfur assimilation pathway of a normal leaf. H(2)S emission may be a means by which the plant can rid itself of excess inorganic sulfur when HS(-) acceptors are not available in sufficient quantity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Mechanisms of resistance to sulfur dioxide in the Cucurbitaceae.

The relative resistance of four cultivars of the Cucurbitaceae (Cucumis sativus L. cv. National Pickling, and inbred line SC 25; Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Prolific Straightneck Squash, and cv. Small Sugar Pumpkin) to SO(2) was determined. According to plots of the degree of exposure to SO(2) (which depends on the SO(2) concentration and the duration of the exposure), there is an 8-fold difference in resistance to this toxic gas among these cultivars. However, if the degree of injury is plotted as a function of the amount of SO(2) absorbed, all four cultivars appear similarly sensitive to the gas. We conclude that the principal reason for special and varietal differences in resistance among these cultivars is the relative rate of absorption of the gas. The densities of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves did not differ sufficiently between cultivars to account for the differences in absorption rates. It remains to be determined whether the differences in rate of SO(2) absorption reflect differences in stomatal activity.Resistance of individual leaves changes with position on the plant axis (age of the leaf). There exists a gradient of decreasing resistance from the apex downward. This resistance gradient cannot be accounted for by differences in rates of SO(2) absorption. We infer the existence of a biochemically based, developmentally controlled resistance mechanism which functions after SO(2) has entered the leaf. Biochemical comparisons of old and young leaves with such differences in resistance should be helpful in determining the biochemistry of SO(2) toxicity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

The couvade syndrome.

This is a psychophysiologic reaction to a woman's pregnancy on the part of her spouse. Nausea, vomiting, cramps or appetite disturbance occur in the husband early in pregnancy or near term. Anthropologists have found that ritual couvades dates back to ancient rituals regulating the behavior of the husband of a woman in labor. The modern syndrome is usually a self-limited condition but may indicate fears and anxieties that can be relieved by the understanding approach of the family physician.

Culture↗
PubMed1976

The formation of exchangeable sulphite from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate in yeast.

A new low-molecular-weight bound sulphite was found in yeast enzyme reaction systems which convert the sulphur of 35S-labelled adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate into exchangeable radioactive sulphite. This bound sulphite was separated from other components by paper electrophoresis and Sephadex G-25 chromatography, and shown to be a peptide with multiple thiol groups and an estimated mol.wt. of 1400. The labelled sulphur in this peptide is highly exchangeable with unlabelled sulphite, but exchangeability decreases with time and freeze-drying. The low-molecular-weight acceptor is tightly bound to enzyme B of the yeast system and, apparently, accepts the sulpho group of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate and is released as bound sulphite only in the presence of enzymically or chemically reduced fraction C. It is proposed that the low-molecular-weight acceptor is a carrier peptide which, after release of the reduced sulphur, becomes re-oxidized and returns to enzyme B. Fraction C appears to function as an obligatory reductant of the oxidized acceptor before it can accept another-SO-3-moiety from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate. These findings are consistent with mechanisms proposed for sulphate reduction in spinach and Chlorella, and suggest that fraction C is the natural thiol required in these systems. An improved column technique for the preparation of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate is described.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1976

Post-detoxification drug treatment of anxiety and depression in alcohol addicts.

A study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of treating alcoholics after detoxification for the very commonly observed syndrome of anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints. Previous studies had indicated that these patients generally respond quite well to drug treatment with the phenothiazine class of drugs. However, a double blind placebo-controlled study of adequate size had not been undertaken. Forty-five comparably addicted male alcoholics with anxiety or mixed anxiety-depression from an inpatient alcohol treatment ward comprised the treatment group. Twenty-three patients received thioridazine treatment and 22 received placebo treatment in a double blind fashion after acute withdrawal from alcohol. Progress over a 4-week period was measured with standard rating instruments--the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (by physician) and the Zung and Lipman Self-Rating Scales. Both placebo and active medication groups improved symptomatically during the 4-week program. The thioridazine group had significantly better improvement in sleep disturbance (early, middle, and late insomnia) than the placebo group. There was also significantly better improvement in anxiety with thioridazine as compared with placebo. Interestingly, the placebo group had significantly better work and activity (as appraised by the ward physician) than the thioridazine group. The authors note that active drug effect might actually hamper some patients in their rehabilitative effort, especially if phenothiazines of the more sedating variety are used. Since alcohol rehabilitation generally utilizes a wide range of activities (such as didactic sessions, occupation therapy, group therapy), alertness and performance ability appear to be important factors in the rehabilitation program. Although thioridazine treatment for some patients with anxiety and insomnia would appear to be quite helpful, its blanket use for the post-detoxification anxiety-depression of the alcoholic might be detrimental for others and cannot be recommended as a routine treatment strategy in an alcohol rehabilitation program.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Viral encephalopathy mimicking functional psychosis.

Encephalitis, particularly herpes simplex encephalitis, frequently presents as a disorder with puzzling psychiatric symptoms before frank evidence of central nervous system involvement is apparent. The author describes three cases of encephalitis characterized by abrupt onset of bizarre psychological disturbance in the absence of gross neurologic dysfunction. Each patient was initially diagnosed as schizophrenic but later became critically ill and recovered only after a long and chaotic hospital course. The author warns psychiatrists and staff on psychiatric impatient units against mistakenly diagnosing cases of early encephalitis as functional psychoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

A denture tray technique for remake dentures.

A technique is described to fabricate a replacement denture for your patient. It reduces patient and laboratory time. The technique does not compromise the patient's existing denture, the impression, jaw relation records, or esthetics. It provides superior trays and effective occlusion rims, thus simplifying recording techniques. A denture duplicating flask may be substituted for the two plastic impression trays to duplicate the denture. The duplicating flask may improve realignment of the upper and lower molds, but additional irreversible hydrocolloid is required to fill the mold.

Dental Impression Technique↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of a regional Indian alcohol program.

The authors analyzed follow-up data collected by an Indian counselor and a psychiatrist on 83 American Indian alcoholic men. Follow-up status was judged by an interdisciplinary panel according to a six-step rating scale. The 44 percent improvement rate compares favorably with other treatment programs, especially in view of the selection process, which favored difficult patients. The authors suggest that the interdisciplinary rating panel is an approach that can prevent erroneous judgments of the drinking status of American Indians.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress 1 year after burn injury.

The occurrence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms 1 year after a burn injury were assessed in a large prospective sample (N = 172). Participants completed a self-report post-traumatic stress symptom checklist at 3 time points: within 24 hours of admission to a burn center, 1 month after the injury, and 1 year after the injury. A notable number of participants had a range of post-traumatic stress symptoms both at 1 month and at 1 year after the burn injury. More than half of the sample reported recurrent intrusive recollections of the burn injury at 1 month and at 1 year. Other commonly endorsed symptoms were sleep disturbance, avoidance of thoughts or feelings associated with the burn, and distress at reminders of the burn. The number of post-traumatic stress symptoms endorsed at 1 month was the only significant predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms at 1 year. These results suggest that it is common for patients to have some post-traumatic symptoms 1 year after a burn injury and that early experiences of post-traumatic stress symptoms may be associated with the development or maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder. We recommend that burn care professionals identify and intervene with patients who have clinically significant distress as a result of their burn injuries.

Adolescent↗