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Biomedical subjects

L G Koss

Publications and source records attributed to L G Koss.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prostatic involvement in bladder cancer. Prostate mapping in 20 cystoprostatectomy specimens.

Twenty prostate glands from patients with either high-grade papillary tumors (19 patients, 15 of whom also had peripheral carcinoma in situ) or multifocal carcinoma in situ (1 patient) of the bladder who underwent cystoprostatectomy were studied histologically by mapping. Prostatic duct involvement by urothelial carcinoma was noted in nine patients, two with extensive involvement and seven with focal involvement confined to periurethral ducts. Carcinoma in situ of the bladder was observed in each of the nine patients and intraepithelial permeation appeared to be the predominant manner of spread of cancer cells into the prostate. The prostatic involvement was clinically silent and it may be a potential source of failure of conservative modalities of treatment of high-grade bladder cancer. A routine diagnostic transurethral prostatic biopsy may be recommended in the workup of patients with carcinoma in situ and high-grade carcinomas of the bladder. An incidental observation was the presence of 14 occult prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Chromosome abnormalities in meningiomas.

Cytogenetic analyses of eight meningiomas grown in culture for 1 week are reported. Normal karyotypes were found in three cases and hypodiploidy in the remaining five. In the five hypodiploid meningiomas, one chromosome #22 was missing in four cases, and one case exhibited a 22q- deletion. In four of these five cases, chromosome #14 was either lost or altered. Chromosome #1 was lost or altered in three, and chromosome #6 in two. These findings lend further support for the association of total or partial loss of chromosome #22 in meningiomas and suggest the involvement of other chromosomes in the clonal evolution of these tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Screening for endometrial cancer.

A cohort of 2586 asymptomatic women, 98% over the age of 45, 78% Caucasian, was screened using commercially available devices for endometrial mucosal sampling and cytohistological techniques; 1567 returned for rescreening one year later, and 187 for a third time. The prevalence of endometrial carcinoma was 7 per 1000 and the incidence 1.7 per 1000 woman-years. An unexpected observation suggested that endometrial hyperplasia does not necessarily precede or accompany endometrial carcinoma in asymptomatic women aged 50 or more. Occult endometrial carcinoma is a detectable disease, but the study did not permit the evaluation of the effect of its detection on mortality from the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bladder cancer diagnosis by computer image analysis of cells in the sediment of voided urine using a video scanning system.

A video-based computerized semiautomated image analysis system was applied to the diagnostic evaluation of 119 sediments of voided urine: 103 from patients with a broad variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic disorders of the lower urinary tract and 16 normal controls. Each specimen was presented to the machine as a single cytocentrifuge preparation, preserved in 2% Carbowax in 50% ethanol and stained-by the Papanicolaou method. Five hundred sequential "objects" were scanned within an area of 9 sq mm on each slide. "Objects" of no diagnostic value, such as dirt, debris, inflammatory cells, cell clusters, poorly preserved cells, etc., were eliminated from the final diagnostic analysis by a computer-based hierarchic triage system. The final specimen classifier was based on the cell images identified by the computer as well-preserved normal (NEG), atypical (ATY I), suspicious (ATY II) and malignant (POS) cells. For specimen classification by computer, the four categories of "abnormal," "inadequate," "acellular" and "negative" were defined. For high-grade tumors, the performance of the specimen classifier was generally comparable to the visual diagnosis. The specimen classifier unexpectedly identified twice as many low-grade papillary urothelial tumors as abnormal than did the visual analysis. Several false "alarms" were recorded by computer in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma, some of whom had atypical urothelium. One of the 16 negative controls was misdiagnosed by the computer as abnormal. The possibility that the video system recognizes nuclear abnormalities not perceived by the human eye is being investigated further. The details of the computer analysis are reported, and the value of the system is discussed. The system appears to be promising as a future laboratory instrument, although it requires further extensive testing.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

The diagnostic value of flow cytometric DNA measurements in follicular tumors of the thyroid gland.

Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was performed on single or multiple samples from 34 thyroidectomy specimens. There were 29 thyroids with diploid DNA content, comprising 15 nonneoplastic lesions, 5 follicular adenomas, 1 medullary carcinoma, and 8 papillary carcinomas. Aneuploid DNA pattern was observed in five cases, including one metastatic mammary carcinoma. The initial histologic diagnoses in the remaining four aneuploid thyroid lesions were follicular carcinoma in one and follicular adenoma in three. The abnormal DNA pattern in the three follicular "adenomas" prompted a review of their aspiration cytologic and histologic features. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in two of the three cases and showed evidence of a follicular neoplasm with significant nuclear atypia in both. Histologic review of the three lesions led to a modified diagnosis of noninvasive low grade follicular carcinoma in all three. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content may prove to be a highly useful adjunct in the evaluation of follicular thyroid tumors. Long-term clinical follow-up is warranted to document the clinical significance of these observations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Flow cytometric identification of cancer cells in effusions with Ca1 monoclonal antibody.

The fluorescence of cells from 42 pleural and peritoneal effusions stained with Ca1 monoclonal antibody (Ca1MA) was studied by flow cytometry. In 14 of 17 malignant effusions a significantly higher intensity of fluorescence was observed in samples exposed to Ca1MA when compared with controls. There was no increase of fluorescence intensity in 25 benign effusions. The method failed in three malignant effusions: one due to endometrial carcinoma and two to malignant lymphoma. The sensitivity of the method was tested in experimental samples with a known percentage of malignant cells. The positive fluorescence with Ca1MA was detected in samples containing 0.1% of carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry with Ca1MA can be a relatively simple method of identification of malignant cells in effusions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Expression of Ca antigen on human urinary bladder tumors.

Flow cytometric measurements of Ca antigen (Ca) visualized by immunofluorescence with Ca1 monoclonal antibody (Ca1) were performed on cells from 26 urinary bladder carcinomas of various histologic grades and DNA ploidy and on 6 samples of morphologically normal urothelium. In normal urothelium and in the 14 diploid tumors the proportion of positively staining cells was low and the differences were not statistically significant. A significant increase in the proportion of fluorescent cells was observed in all but one of the 12 aneuploid tumors. Among the 11 tumors with an increased proportion of positive cells, 7 were invasive. Data recorded in this study suggest that the quantitation of Ca1 fluorescence corresponding to the presence of Ca may prove to be helpful in the evaluation of clinical behavior of bladder tumors.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1985

Androgen receptors in bladder tumors.

Cytosol androgen receptor content of transitional cell bladder cancer tissue was found to be substantially higher than its content in normal bladder mucosa and lower than in control benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue. Tumors arising in female patients had a lower androgen receptor content than those arising in male patients. High-grade tumors had a lower androgen receptor content than low-grade tumors.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1985

Normal human urothelial cells in culture. Subculture procedure, flow cytometric and chromosomal analyses.

Epithelial cell cultures of urothelial origin can be initiated with the sediment of voided urines of normal adults. The proliferating cells can be subcultured provided that nonconfluent cultures are used. In some instances cells have been transferred up to seven times. Flow cytometric analysis of the cells grown in vitro revealed a DNA distribution pattern consistent with a nonsynchronized, proliferating diploid cell population. Karyologic studies showed that 98% of the cells were diploid and had normal banding patterns. Tetraploid cells with 92 chromosomes constituted about 2% of the counted metaphases. These observations, supplementing the authors' previous data provide further evidence that urothelial cells derived from normal adults retain characteristics of normal human cells. Urine represents an easily available source for initiating cultures of human epithelial cells and the application of the system in diagnosis and research is being explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of orbital tumors by aspiration biopsy guided by computerized tomography.

Thin-needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) was performed on 22 patients with orbital tumors. Nine patients were studied before the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and only two cytologic diagnoses could be established. Thirteen aspiration biopsies guided by CT were successful. The technique of the CT-guided TNAB of orbital tumors is described. The cytologic features combined with the clinical data made it possible to diagnose precisely 10 malignant orbital tumors that were either metastatic or primary. Two meningiomas and one abscess were also identified. There were no complications. The TNAB of orbital tumors under CT guidance appears to offer several significant benefits to the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

BCNU (1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea) lung. Drug-induced pulmonary changes.

The occurrence of pulmonary disease associated with long-term BCNU therapy is reported in two patients treated for astrocytoma grade II whose clinical presentations of pulmonary complications and corresponding tissue alterations showed striking differences. One patient presented with a dramatic, fulminating, and rapidly fatal pulmonary disease. His lungs revealed atypical proliferation of pneumocytes, moderate interstitial inflammation, fibrosis and intra-alveolar hyalin membranes. The second patient presented with slowly progressive dyspnea, ultimately leading to death secondary to severe diffuse alveolar septal fibrosis. Individual differences in response to toxicity are suggested and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The epithelial origin of a malignant mesodermal mixed tumor of the bladder: report of a case with long-term survival.

Malignant mesodermal mixed tumors of the bladder are complex neoplasms consisting of elements of carcinoma and differentiated sarcoma. They are rare, aggressive and usually rapidly fatal. We report on a patient who remained free of disease 7 years after resection by partial cystectomy of a malignant mesodermal mixed tumor. Only 1 other long-term survivor has been reported. Our case is of particular interest because urothelial carcinoma in situ was found in the bladder epithelium on the surface and at the periphery of the invasive tumor, strongly suggesting an epithelial origin of this and similar tumors of other organs.

Carcinoma in Situ↗