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Biomedical subjects

L G Koss

Publications and source records attributed to L G Koss.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer.

This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1,280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by two endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study, eight histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, two of which were deeply invasive. With one exception, the eight patients were either obese or had a history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The fine structure of exfoliated cervical and vaginal cells.

In order to understand the means by which cellular aggregates were maintained in gynecologic samples, the fine structure of samples derived from a number of women of various ages was examined with special attention paid to the intercellular junctions. Most cells in the samples were squamous cells containing numerous intercellular fibrils and glycogen granules. Parabasal or intermediate cells were also seen as well as occasional endocervical cells. All of these cell types were often found as parts of aggregates and, while other cell junctions were present, desmosomes were the most prominent. It was concluded that desmosomes were probably responsible for maintaining the aggregated state of many of the cells found in gynecologic samples.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer discrimination between benign and malignant urothelial cells.

Computer discrimination between benign and malignant cells by means of the TICAS routines and subroutines has been accomplished with a small error of classification, not greater than ten percent. One feature of major diagnostic significance, namely, nuclear texture was singled out for discussion. This study augurs well for the future of computerized cytology of the urinary tract.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic detection of urothelial cancer and other abnormalities in a cohort of workers exposed to aromatic amines.

A total of 541 members of a cohort at increased risk for occupational bladder cancer underwent a 33-month program of screening with urine cytology. Selected workers received further urologic study with cystoscopy and bladder biopsies. Eight workers had positive or suspicious cytologic findings. Only one of the eight had a prior history of bladder cancer. Biopsies showed invasive carcinoma and/or nonpapillary carcinoma in situ in five workers in this group, severe atypia in one, and no significant abnormality in two. Of 56 workers who had atypical cytologic findings, 16 had bladder biopsies, which showed atypia of flat urothelium in 11, nonpapillary carcinoma in situ in one, noninfiltrating papillary carcinoma in one, and no significant abnormality in three. The cytologic detection of urothelial abnormalities often required more than a single specimen. Since the cohort in this study may develop more bladder cancers with the passage of time, continued follow-up is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometry in clinical oncology: cell cycle and DNA ploidy in assessing tumor behavior.

The basic principles of flow cytometry with special emphasis to cell cycle analysis and DNA ploidy measurements are described. The concept of separation of various subcompartments of cell cycle, distinguished by simultaneous determinations of DNA versus RNA and DNA versus protein contents is presented. Based on DNA ploidy patterns, human tumors were divided into two groups designated as diploid range and non-diploid (aneuploid). Since it has been proposed that diploid range tumors have generally better prognoses than non-diploid tumors, the value of DNA ploidy patterns as a prognostic factor is discussed in major groups of human cancers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eosinophilic pleural effusions.

Forty-three pleural fluids from 30 patients with eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) were examined and correlated with biochemical and clinical findings. The percentage of eosinophiles ranged from 12% to 83%, averaged 38% and was accompanied by a high lymphocyte count, averaging 34%. The fluids were shown to be exudates. A history of allergy or immune disorders was elicited from seven patients and allergy to drug from one patient. Eight patients gave a history of thoracic trauma unrelated in time to the effusion. Three patients received transvenous pacemakers. In the remaining 11 patients the presence of the eosinophilic pleural effusion could not be correlated with any clinical data. Regardless of clinical setting, which in six patients included a past history of cancer, EPE proved to be a self-limiting disease with a favorable outcome. Thus, this diagnosis by cytologic examination of the sediment is of considerable prognostic significance even in patients with a history of other disorders that may give rise to effusions. Possibly the most significant observation recorded was the presence of a large population of lymphocytes in EPE. The role of these cells in the mechanism of EPE is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ultrastructure of surfaces of positively identified cells in the human urinary sediment. A correlative light and scanning electron microscopic study.

Surfaces of cells in the urinary sediment, postively identified by light microscopy (LM) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). About 35% of benign urothelial cells were characterized by the presence of short, stubby microvilli (MV). About 60% of such cells had surface microridges, and the remaining cells had surface blebs. Squamous epithelial cells were characterized primarily by microridges or by a mixture of microridges with short microvilli. Urothelial cancer cells had various surface characteristics. About 30% of these cells displayed plemorphic MV, about 10% of these cells showed short, regular MV, and the remainder appeared to be poorly preserved and had smooth surfaces, either with MV remnants or points of membrane rupture (holes or pits). The correlation between SEM surface features and the LM appearance of urothelial cancer cells was poor. Many of the most characteristic cancer cells on LM had no distinguishing SEM features. It is concluded that the application of SEM for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in urine is of uncertain benefit, pending further studies.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer analysis of atypical urothelial cells. I. Classification by supervised learning algorithms.

Computer discrimination of atypical (ATY) urothelial cells from the urinary sediment by means of supervised learning algorithms discoled that these cells form a distinct, although ill-defined, family of cells which differs from normal (NEG) and malignant (POS) cell groups. The clinical significance of this observation must await long-term clinical follow-up. The possibility of issuing computer displays on individual patients with possible diagnostic and prognostic implications is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of fine needle aspiration as a screening test for occult prostatic carcinoma.

As part of an ongoing study of objective parameters of prognostic value in prostatic carcinoma, a routine procedure was developed to aspirate all prostates prior to surgery. These targets were different from those of other workers in the field of prostatic fine needle aspiration (FNA), who generally advocate that FNA be confined to suspicious nodules. The aspirations were performed by a large group of practicing urologists who had no special training in prostatic FNA except for guidelines provided by their peers and information available in the literature. This approach permitted an assessment of the performance of FNA as a screening test rather than as a diagnostic procedure. During the period from January 1983 to February 1987, 1,683 patients had prostatic FNAs performed (plus subsequent histologic study). The following diagnoses were rendered: "inadequate/scanty specimen" in 625 cases (37%), "negative/atypical" in 844 cases (50%) and "suspicious/positive" in 214 cases (13%). Histologic examination showed stage A1 prostatic adenocarcinoma in 18 patients. The cytologic diagnoses on these 18 patients were inadequate/scanty in 3 (17%), negative/atypical in 13 (72%) and suspicious/positive in 2 (11%). Of the 214 patients with a positive/suspicious diagnosis by FNA, the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma was confirmed by tissue evidence in 200; the other 14 patients had either no evidence of prostatic carcinoma on surgical biopsy (needle biopsy/transurethral resection/suprapubic prostatectomy) or had no surgical biopsy. Eight of the 14 patients developed clinical evidence of carcinoma, 1 died of urinary bladder carcinoma and 1 was lost to follow-up. In the remaining four patients, there is still no evidence of prostatic carcinoma after about one-and-one-half years of follow-up. These results indicate that (1) specialized training is required in order to obtain adequate smears by prostatic FNA; (2) prostatic FNA is not a good screening technique for detecting stage A1 prostatic carcinoma; and (3) a positive diagnosis by prostatic FNA, even when not confirmed by tissue biopsy, is still an indication of disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗