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Biomedical subjects

L G Giles

Publications and source records attributed to L G Giles.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Some osseous and soft tissue causes of human intervertebral canal (foramen) stenosis.

Much attention has been paid to the causes of vertebral canal stenosis in humans but relatively little has been documented with regard to intervertebral canal (intervertebral "foramen," lateral spinal canal, nerve root canal) stenosis. As the dural sleeve ends at the outer opening of the intervertebral canal, a false "normal" myelogram is possible when a space occupying lesion occurs beyond the subarachnoid space. Also, if stenosis affects only vascular structures, compression of these structures cannot be noted during myelography, so venous stasis may be overlooked. Our cadaveric study investigates some causes of intervertebral canal stenosis due to encroachment by bony and soft tissue structures, and low magnification photomicrographs are used to illustrate some causes of stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Manual therapy considerations at the thoracolumbar junction: an anatomical and functional perspective.

Anatomically, the human thoracolumbar junction demonstrates considerable resistance to rotary motion in an effort to decrease torsional stress through an area of marked functional transition. Despite this, rotational manipulation and mobilization procedures have been advocated in the treatment of painful mechanical disorders originating from the thoracolumbar junction. The rationale behind vigorous manipulative techniques, particularly those incorporating extension, is challenged in light of cadaveric histological studies of this region, as well as both in vivo and experimental biomechanical investigations. Judicious use of traction and mobilization procedures are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human zygapophyseal joint capsule and synovial fold innervation.

The anatomy of human lower lumbar zygapophyseal joint postero-medial fibrous capsules, and their synovial folds, was investigated by high-power light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A description of nerves in the postero-medial joint capsule and the synovial folds is presented. The diameter of paravascular myelinated nerve fibres in the synovial folds was 0.2 micron (micron). Small myelinated nerves (0.6 to 12 microns) course through the synovial folds, not in association with blood-vessels, suggesting that these nerves are nociceptive and, therefore, may have clinical significance in spinal pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Innervation of lumbar zygapophyseal joint synovial folds.

In a study of lower lumbar zygapophyseal facet joints, nerves have been demonstrated in the synovial folds by means of a silver impregnation method. The diameter of the nerves ranged from 0.6 to 12 microns; the number of fibers per nerve ranged from 1 to 5. They generally run a course separate from blood vessels, indicating that they are afferent nerves which probably have a nociceptive function. This finding may be relevant to low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Human zygapophyseal joint synovial folds.

The structure of human zygapophyseal joint synovial folds as seen by high-power light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy is described. Small myelinated nerves are demonstrated in association with some capillaries in the synovial folds. This may have clinical significance in the field of spinal pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pressure related changes in human lumbosacral zygapophyseal joint articular cartilage.

A brief histomorphologic study is presented of pressure related changes in the hyaline cartilage of paired left and right lumbosacral zygapophyseal joints in 6 cadavers. A comparison of the histology of the left and right zygapophyseal joint cartilages by light microscopy and dark field microscopy showed that, when dark field microscopy is used, a different histological reaction to staining can be highlighted. A similar change was not found using polarized light. It is not within the scope of this brief report to investigate the changes observed in this histological study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Osteoarthrosis in human cadaveric lumbo-sacral zygapophyseal joints.

This paper reviews some theories expressed in the literature regarding the possible mechanisms involved in osteoarthrosis (degenerative joint disease). Preliminary histological evidence of an extensive vascular supply to the osteoarthritic cartilage at the lumbo-sacral zygapophyseal joint in a 56 year old human cadaver is presented.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

The effect of postural scoliosis on lumbar apophyseal joints.

The effects of leg length inequality with postural scoliosis on the lumbar apophyseal joints was investigated by comparing paired left and right joints, using histological sections from cadavers having a leg length inequality of 1 cm or more, and cadavers having no leg length inequality. A statistical analysis of mid-joint geometry (articular cartilage and subchondral bone thickness) is made from mid-joint histological sections. The study clearly demonstrates that leg length inequality of 1 cm or more is associated with asymmetrical changes in joint cartilage and subchondral bone in the apical and lumbosacral apophyseal joints of the spine in postural scoliosis.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1984

Lumbar apophyseal joint arthrography.

Lumbar apophyseal (facet) joint arthropathy is an important cause of low back pain and sciatica. Apophyseal joint arthrography sometimes shows "leakage" of contrast medium from the joint capsule. A histological explanation for this "leakage" at the lumbo-sacral apophyseal joint is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Histological preparation of large vertebral specimens.

A histological method is described for processing human lumbosacral vertebral specimens through fixation, decalcification, dehydration and embedding in a mixture of low viscosity nitrocellulose and celloidin. The large blocks thus obtained were serially sectioned on a Jung Tetrander microtome at a section thickness of 100 microns. Shrinkage of 8.6% was observed for the mounted specimens by comparing the unprocessed specimens (by X-ray measurement) with the mounted sections (measured using a transparent ruler). A horizontally sectioned lumbosacral joint is used to illustrate the excellent histological detail obtained of the anatomy at this level of the spinal column.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Intra-articular synovial protrusions in the lower lumbar apophyseal joints.

Two types of joint inclusions are demonstrated in the lumbosacral facetal joints--a large, fat-filled, vascular intra-articular synovial protrusion projecting into the medial part of the joint from below, and a dense, fibrous, intra-articular synovial protrusion projecting from the joint capsule into the upper medial part of the joint. Although nerve fibers have not yet been demonstrated in the intra-articular synovial protrusions, it is reasonable to assume their presence in such a rich vascular network. These intra-articular synovial protrusions are vulnerable to being nipped between moving parts of the joints, in this way possibly transmitting traction forces to the related parts of the fibrous joint capsule. This could constitute a likely source of low back pain with resultant reflex muscle spasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Lumbosacral facetal "joint angles' associated with leg length inequality.

Differences in the right and left lumbosacral facetal "joint angles' are compared in non-acute low back pain patients with a leg length discrepancy of greater than 9 mm and a control group with a 0-3 mm leg length discrepancy. The method of erect-posture lumbosacral oblique radiography is described, as well as the method of measuring the lumbosacral facetal joint angles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic spinal pain syndromes: a clinical pilot trial comparing acupuncture, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and spinal manipulation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare needle acupuncture, medication (tenoxicam with ranitidine), and spinal manipulation for managing chronic (>13 weeks duration) spinal pain syndromes. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, independently assessed preintervention and postintervention clinical pilot trial. SETTING: Specialized spinal pain syndrome out-patient unit at Townsville General Hospital, Queensland, Australia. SUBJECTS: Seventy-seven patients (without contraindication to manipulation or medication) were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: One of three separate, clearly defined intervention protocols: needle acupuncture, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, or chiropractic spinal manipulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures were changes (4 weeks vs. initial visit) in the scores of the (1) Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index, (2) Neck Disability Index, and (3) three visual analogue scales of local pain intensity. RESULTS: Randomization was successful. After a median intervention period of 30 days, spinal manipulation was the only intervention that achieved statistically significant improvements (all expressed as percentages of the original scores) with (1) a reduction of 30.7% on the Oswestry scale, (2) an improvement of 25% on the neck disability index, and (3) reductions on the visual analogue scale of 50% for low back pain, 46% for upper back pain, and 33% for neck pain (all P<.001). Neither of the other interventions showed any significant improvement on any of the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: The consistency of the results provides, in spite of several discussed shortcomings of this pilot study, evidence that in patients with chronic spinal pain syndromes spinal manipulation, if not contraindicated, results in greater improvement than acupuncture and medicine.

Acupuncture Therapy↗