The negative tuberculin test: tuberculin, HIV, and anergy panels.
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Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
Biomedical subjects
L Friedman
Publications and source records attributed to L Friedman.
Growth patterns in selected organs of the miniature swine as determined by gross macromolecular composition.
As part of a larger study designed to characterize the early developmental stages of the Hormel-Hanford strain miniature pig, the brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, and spleen from male animals were examined for changes in RNA, DNA, and protein contents from 1 to 196 d after birth. Distinct patterns were found for changes with age in macromolecular levels. Protein levels increased from d 1 to 56 in all organs except spleen, in which little change was noted. Gel electrophoresis showed little qualitative change in the liver protein profile during this period. A fat-free, non-nucleic acid, protein-containing fraction, insoluble in hot alkali, appeared in the brain after approximately 1 wk following birth. DNA concentrations decreased markedly from d 1 to d 196 for brain, kidney, and spleen but decreased more gradually for liver and pancreas. RNA levels declined slightly or remained the same in all organs except pancreas, where a large increase occurred from d 1 to weaning (56 d). Growth proceeded in all organs by increases in cell number (hyperplasia), as evidenced by increases in total (level or concentration x organ weight) DNA, or by hypertrophy, as evidenced by increases in the ratio of protein to DNA or by a combination of both processes. Hypertrophic growth was attained by d 56 and continued to sexual maturity in all organs except spleen. Hyperplastic growth continued to sexual maturity in all organs except brain.
Aging↗
Transient versus persistent functional and structural changes associated with facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses are second messenger dependent.
Increases in activity of both protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) contribute to short-term facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses evoked by serotonin (5-HT). We report here that increasing levels of cAMP in sensory neurons evokes increases in both synaptic efficacy and in the number of sensory neuron varicosities contacting the major axons of motor cell L7 at intermediate times (3 hr) that persist for 24 hr. Treatment with phorbol esters results in a large transient increase in synaptic efficacy that is accompanied by a large transient increase in the number of sensory neuron varicosities with the newest varicosities most susceptible to elimination. The reversal of the synaptic facilitation and the structural changes does not appear to be the result of long-term inhibitory actions of persistent PKC activation by phorbol esters, since changes in synaptic efficacy can be evoked by additional applications of either phorbol esters or 5-HT. The short-lived changes in structure evoked by phorbol esters occur in preexisting sensory neurites and not by new growth, since increases in PKC activity with phorbol esters lead to reductions in neurite extension and to retractions by sensory neuron growth cones. The action of phorbol esters on growth cone extension is reversible with washout. The results suggest that increases in PKA and PKC activities by 5-HT contribute to short (minutes) and intermediate (hours) forms of facilitation of sensorimotor synapses while increases in PKA activity also mediate long-term (days) maintenance of synaptic facilitation.
Animals↗
The self-employment option for people with disabilities: a case study of 'AHVA' desk top publishing company.
From the above results of the evaluation survey it can be concluded that the participants of the 'AHVA' desktop publishing company, who are with multiple and physical disabilities and who have initiated and run their own enterprise, perceived their first year of operation as beneficial. They mastered new technical skills, learned new work-related behaviours, expanded their interpersonal competencies and felt personal growth. They all developed high motivation to make their operation successful. The case study of 'AHVA' desktop publishing company, initiated and run by a group of multiply and physically disable persons, is unique and demonstrates the positive trend for the future. It is an example of personal and group commitment to build a competitive enterprise. It is self determination rather than the actual outcome of services provided, that is the driving force behind their efforts. The team members demonstrated that persons with disabilities can indeed take charge of their lives, be masters of their own destinies, and lead a productive and meaningful life. Here, inclusion is not a one-sided process in which service providers and rehabilitation experts try to integrate persons with disabilities into the community and regular employment. Inclusion is to integrate persons with disabilities into the community and regular employment. Inclusion is achieved here by the self initiative of a group of persons with disabilities. They have created an extraordinary enterprise according to their own special needs. Non-disabled people interact with them on an equal level, as partners in a business, sharing mutual interests of quality production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Behavior↗
Psychic reality in psychoanalytic theory.
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Humans↗
The gene for pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) and the anonymous marker D17S78 are within 45 kb of each other on chromosome 17q21.
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Base Sequence↗
2D and 3D high resolution gradient echo functional imaging of the brain: venous contributions to signal in motor cortex studies.
Recent emphasis on high resolution gradient echo studies in functional imaging has led to the conclusion that there are likely three domains of response to the blood circulation in the brain when considering field inhomogeneity effects of the venous blood pre- and during activation. The first is a coherent effect due to large or macroscopic vessels on the order of the size of the voxel (ca 200-500 microns in most studies). These can lead to very large signal changes (up to 100%). The second is at the venule level (ca 50-200 microns) and is associated with smaller parenchymal changes (usually ca 10% or less). The third is at the capillary level and is associated with much smaller signal changes at 1.5 T and even up to 4 T. The actual signal changes depend on field strength and sequence design. In this paper, we present our experience in detecting the first two domains with 2D and 3D gradient echo imaging at 1.5 T. We find that high resolution enables visualization of the larger small veins in motor cortex studies and that, on occasion, it is possible to see the venule effects as well. We suggest a simple model to explain the large signal changes based on susceptibility changes and partial volume effects. Comparisons of the functional imaging data to this model and to MR angiographic studies are also shown as evidence of the venous sources of the susceptibility changes.
Brain↗
Interaction of citrinin and ochratoxin A.
The mycotoxins citrinin and ochratoxin A are produced in common by some molds and have been found together in a number of foods and animal feeds. We used in vitro tests to determine if the same effects are produced by these two mycotoxins when they act both independently and together. Renal cortical cubes prepared from kidneys of young adult Hormel-Hanford miniature swine were cultured in the presence or absence of the toxins for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The concentration of the toxins both singly and in combination ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M. The tissues were incubated, removed, rinsed, and reincubated to measure transport of either tetraethylammonium (TEA) or paraminohippurate (PAH) ions and protein synthesis, using 3H-leucine. The transport data were analyzed by a recently developed logistic function test to ascertain whether the effects were additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. The significance of deviation was tested after a potency multiplier was added to the mixture. Data for three of the five experiments measuring TEA transport indicated a synergistic effect; for the other two, the results were not significantly different from additivity. The same was true for PAH transport. For protein synthesis, one experiment showed synergism; for the other, nonadditivity was not significant. None of the measurements showed antagonism between the two toxins. As with several other systems, tests of biochemical effects showed that administration of citrinin and ochratoxin A together did not elicit either consistent or strong synergistic responses.
Animals↗
Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia and tibia vara: a case report.
A 2-year-old black boy with focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is described with illustrations of the typical radiographic appearances supplemented by computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images. Since this rare condition is self-correcting, diagnosis is important so that surgical intervention and biopsy can be avoided and conservative management instituted.
Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
Magnetic resonance imaging in acute physeal injuries.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits noninvasive evaluation of the cartilage of the growth plate and epiphysis. This paper reports three cases where MRI was used to supplement conventional radiography in the assessment of acute physeal injuries. In the first patient, MRI was used for postoperative assessment of a radial neck fracture, avoiding further surgical exploration. In the second case, MRI was compared with ultrasonography in the diagnosis of proximal humeral epiphyseal separation in a neonate. In the third case MRI and computed tomography were compared in evaluation of a Salter-Harris type 4 distal femur fracture. In all cases MRI was diagnostic. MRI is the investigation of choice in acute complex physeal injuries, and is particularly appropriate for use prior to the appearance of the secondary ossification center.
Acute Disease↗
The effect of apomorphine, MK-212 (6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyl]-pyrazine) and placebo on smooth pursuit gain and corrective saccades in normal subjects.
The effects of apomorphine (0.01 mg/kg SC) a direct-acting dopamine (DA) agonist, MK-212 (6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyl]-pyrazine) (20 mg PO), a direct-acting serotonin (5-HT) agonist, and placebo on smooth pursuit eye movements were evaluated in 10 to 12 normal volunteers. Smooth pursuit was tested just prior to administration of either apomorphine, MK-212, or placebo (on separate days), and then repeatedly tested at 30 min intervals for two hours after dose administration. The smooth pursuit targets were a series of predictable, constant velocity ramps with velocities of 5 degrees/sec (slow target) and 20 degrees/sec (fast target). Eye movements were recorded with infrared oculography, and the following six measures were obtained; steady-state gain (slow-target-gain; fast-target-gain), corrective catch-up saccade (CUS) rate (slow-target-CUS-rate; fast-target-CUS-rate), and CUS amplitude (slow-target-CUS-amplitude; fast-target-CUS-amplitude). The placebo test yielded a statistically significant monotonic decrease over time in slow-target-gain and corresponding increase in slow-target-CUS-rate, but no effects of placebo were noted for the fast target. Apomorphine injection produced a marked reduction in both slow-target-gain and fast-target-gain at 30 min, returning to baseline thereafter. Apomorphine injection also produced a statistically significant increase in slow-target-CUS-amplitude. Ingestion of MK-212 produced a statistically significant increase in slow-target-gain and fast-target-gain as well as a corresponding decrease in slow-target-CUS-rate and fast-target-CUS-rate at 90 min or 120 min. There was evidence that the decline in slow-target-gain after apomorphine was associated with side-effects such as sleepiness, but the decline in fast-target-gain was not related to side-effects. The improved smooth pursuit performance after MK-212 was not related to side-effects. The data suggest that serotoninergic stimulation can improve smooth pursuit performance, whereas dopaminergic stimulation worsens this performance.
Adult↗
Estrogen replacement therapy and memory in older women.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between estrogen hormone replacement therapy and recall of proper names and words in cognitively intact older women. DESIGN: A case-control study using subjects matched on age and education. PARTICIPANTS: From a group of 278 older (age range 55 to 93 years) community-dwelling women volunteers for memory research, 72 older women taking estrogen replacement therapy were matched on age and education with a group of 72 women not taking estrogen. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent measures were performances on: a proper name recall test and a word recall test. RESULTS: Proper name recall was significantly better in those receiving estrogen (mean = 4.3; SD = 3.3) than in those not receiving estrogen (mean = 3.1; SD = 2.5), P = 0.01. There was also significantly greater variance in the name recall scores of the group taking estrogen than in the group not taking estrogen. For word recall, there was no significant difference between those subjects taking estrogen (mean = 6.4; SD 3.8) and those not taking estrogen (mean = 5.8; SD 3.7), P > 0.10. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen use was associated with enhanced recall of proper names. Previous failures to find differences associated with estrogen use may reflect the memory measures used or an increased inter-individual variability of the estrogen-taking group, as was observed in the present study. Interpretation of these results should be tempered by their retrospective nature.
Aged↗
Eye movement impairment and schizotypal psychopathology.
OBJECTIVE: Eye movement dysfunction in relation to a smooth pursuit task has been documented in schizophrenic patients and in patients with the related personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder. To investigate which quantitative measures are associated with the eye movement dysfunction and whether the dysfunction is more related to the psychotic-like or the deficit-like symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder, ratings of eye movements in several groups of subjects were compared. METHOD: The study groups consisted of 26 patients with schizotypal personality disorder, 42 patients with other personality disorders (22 who also had two or more schizotypal personality traits and 20 who had fewer than two), and 37 normal comparison subjects. Smooth pursuit eye tracking of sinusoidal and constant velocity targets was recorded by an infrared eye tracking system. Two raters evaluated pursuit gain and large and small saccades in the direction of the target and in the direction opposite to that of the target (quantitative ratings) and constant velocity (qualitative rating). RESULTS: Patients with schizotypal personality disorder and patients with other personality disorders and two or more schizotypal traits, but not those with fewer than two schizotypal traits, had significantly poorer qualitative ratings of tracking than the normal comparison subjects. Neither gain nor any of the saccadic measures significantly differed between groups. The number of large saccades in the direction of the target was the only quantitative variable that predicted low qualitative ratings. Qualitatively poor tracking was associated with the deficit-like, but not the psychotic-like, symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizotypal personality disorder demonstrate qualitatively poorer tracking than comparison groups, and the impaired tracking is associated with deficit-like symptoms.
Adult↗
Body and organ growth of the developing Hormel-Hanford strain of male miniature swine.
As part of a larger study designed to characterize the early developmental stages of the Hormel-Hanford strain miniature pig, whole body, brain, kidney, liver, pancreas and spleen from male animals were examined for weight increases from one to 196 days, the approximate age of maturity. At 196 days, body weights had increased to 82.5 times the weight at day 1; increases in organ weights were greatest for spleen, less and similar for kidney, liver and pancreas, and the least for brain. Little change in relative organ weights was noted, except for the brain where an almost steady decrease occurred starting from 7 days after birth.
Animals↗
Ornithine decarboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, and lipid levels in selected organs of the postnatal developing male miniature pig.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities were determined in tissues from male neonate and juvenile miniature swine (Hormel-Hanford strain) at various ages. ODC activity was measured in liver, brain, kidney, pancreas, and spleen at one day and at 1, 4, 8, 12 and between 24 and 32 weeks. Hepatic FAS activity, total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were measured at 2, 8, 16, and 32 weeks. Generally, tissue ODC activity was highest in the spleen at all ages. Three postnatal patterns of ODC activity were observed for the different organs. The mean values of FAS activity, total lipid, and cholesterol were highest at 8 weeks compared to other sampling periods.
Animals↗
A unique approach to multi-state networking: BHSL (Basic Health Sciences Network).
Development of a reciprocal multi-state shared resources network is described. The Basic Health Sciences Library Network (BHSL) is one the largest interlibrary loan networks free of direct charges to participants and any direct federal or state funding. Established in June 1986, BHSL started with 132 member libraries from three northeastern states. Current membership is 460 libraries in 10 states. Interlibrary loan activity for 1992 resulted in a collective cost savings of $592,672. This model of resource sharing can be applied to any group of libraries that access a common locator tool.
Cost Savings↗
Acute and 8-hour effects of alcohol (0.08% BAC) on younger and older pilots' simulator performance.
This preliminary study examined the acute and 8-hour effects of alcohol at a target peak BAC of 0.08% on pilot performance. Fourteen younger (mean age 27.6 years) and fourteen older (mean age 60.3 years) pilots flew a Frasca 141 simulator in a scenario that included ATC communications and emergencies. Plots were tested during an alcohol and placebo condition at three timepoints: predrink, acute intoxication, and 8 h postdrink. Of eight performance measures, two showed statistically significant effects related to alcohol. First, cockpit monitoring was poorer when pilots were intoxicated, with recovery at 8 h. Second, younger pilots made more communication errors under the influence and there was no significant recovery at 8 h. Older pilots made more communication errors than younger pilots, but possibly because of methodological problems, older pilots' communication performance was not significantly impaired by alcohol. These results provide direction for future research.
Adult↗
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver--an imaging conundrum.
Focal nodular hyperplasia is a common benign tumour of the liver that usually does not require treatment. This tumour can be difficult to distinguish noninvasively from other lesions in young patients that may require intervention, such as hepatic adenoma and fibrolamellar carcinoma. The authors report three cases of histologically proven focal nodular hyperplasia and one case in which the imaging features strongly suggested this tumour. These cases illustrate many of the variable imaging features of focal nodular hyperplasia. The authors review the typical imaging findings for focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma and fibrolamellar carcinoma, indicate the areas of overlap that make noninvasive diagnosis impossible and discuss the role of percutaneous biopsy in establishing the definitive diagnosis.
Adult↗