Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Freese.
Primary care practitioners in the pediatric setting treat children for numerous skin complaints. The most frequently seen dermatologic conditions are those that are persistent and cause children discomfort, such as atopic, contact seborrheic dermatitis and tinea infections. Familiarity with the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of these common skin conditions enables the practitioner to successfully manage these rashes.
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a toxin produced by Fusarium fungi, can occur in many cereal grains. If wet climatic conditions coincide with the flowering period of plant development, circumstances are favorable for the fungi infection. Because the presence of DON in barley can have significant economic consequences to barley producers, commercially available test kits are used to measure DON in shipments throughout marketing channels. The quantity of barley sampled from a lot and used to measure DON can vary widely, depending on where the test is conducted. The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture specifies that a minimum of 100 g of grain must be processed to measure DON. Other laboratories may use more or less grain. A study undertaken to measure the variability among measurements of different sample sizes found no detectable differences in variability attributable to sample size. It was concluded that the variability among DON concentrations in samples from the lot was small relative to that introduced by the measurement process (combined sample preparation and analysis). A separate experiment investigated variation among samples taken from a lot, variation among subsamples taken from ground samples, and variation among multiple replicated measurements of an extract. On 10 lots, all 3 sources were significant contributors to variation. Stratification of DON within lots was hypothesized as a source of variation of DON measurements. Tests indicated that some stratification may exist.
Using the binomial distribution, the effect of sample size on the variability among sample test results when sampling a lot with 1.0% genetically modified (GM) or biotech seed was evaluated. The coefficient of variation, cv, among 500-seed sample test results taken from a lot with truly 1.0% was computed to be 44.5%. Increasing sample size to 1000 seeds reduced the cv among sample test results to 31.5%. The effects of sample size and accept/reject limits on the buyer's risk (bad lots accepted) and the seller's risk (good lots rejected) was also evaluated assuming a tolerance of 1.0% GM seed. Increasing sample size decreases both the buyer's and seller's risks at the same time. Using an accept/reject limit below the regulatory tolerance decreases the buyer's risk, but increases the seller's risk. Using an accept/reject limit above the regulatory tolerance decreases the seller's risk but increases the buyer's risk.
The authors, in this study, replicate the research of Kirsch (1987, 1990) and contribute to the knowledge base of nursing staff development. This replication partially supports the original research findings related to work satisfaction, organizational commitment, hospital-sponsored education, and intent to remain in the institution. An extension of the replication study was the comparison of responses from full and part-time nursing staff members.