The relationship among health beliefs, health values, and health promotion activity.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
L Fox
Publications and source records attributed to L Fox.
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage from ruptured varices.
Three patients with Laënnec's cirrhosis were initially seen with anemia, abdominal pain, and increased abdominal girth. Hemoperitoneum was diagnosed by paracentesis, and laparotomy revealed ruptured intraperitoneal varices. The two patients with more severe depletion died. The other patient, who was initially normotensive but had orthostatic changes, survived. A review of 11 previously reported cases is presented. Abdominal pain, hypotension, and increased abdominal girth were common initial findings, and should lead to early abdominal paracentesis. Suture ligation of the bleeding varix gives the greatest likelihood of survival.
Abdomen↗
Action of L-epinephrine on the renin-aldosterone system and on urinary electrolyte excretion in man.
The effect of L-epinephrine infusions (0.5-6.5 micrograms/min for up to 24 hr) in recumbency, on the renin-aldosterone system was studied in normal volunteers on diets containing 200 mEq sodium. Urinary sodium excretion was increased, potassium excretion was decreased, aldosterone excretion was suppressed while blood pressure and heart rate were minimally affected by epinephrine (1 microgram/min). Inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances changed transiently and slightly during epinephrine infusions over 10 hr in normal subjects. In separate experiments, epinephrine lowered serum K, raised serum Na, raised plasma renin activity and, usually lowered plasma aldosterone concentrations. There was an excellent correlation between epinephrine-induced changes in serum K and plasma aldosterone concentrations (r = +0.85, p less than 0.001). Significant dose-response relationships were found between L-epinephrine infusion rates of 0.5-6.5 micrograms/min and observed serum K concentrations. We conclude that L-epinephrine infusions at rates probably well within the physiological range, induce hypokalemia (by increased cellular uptake of K) which lowers aldosterone secretion depsite concomitant elevation of PRA and causes natriuresis for up to 24 hr.
Adolescent↗
Purification of Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Ts.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the activity of Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Ts is regulated by light and the gene for this factor is nuclear coded (Fox, L., Erion, J., Tarnowski, J., Spremulli, L., Brot, N., and Weissbach, H., J. Biol. Chem. (1980) 255, 6018-6019). Chloroplast elongation factor Ts has been purified to near homogeneity from E. gracilis extracts prepared from light-grown cells. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain of approximately 62,000 daltons. It interacts stoichiometrically with Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu to form an elongation factor Tu.elongation factor Ts complex.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Staff support group on a cancer ward: a pilot project.
Despite strong evidence of high stress among oncology nursing staffs, few empirical intervention studies have been attempted. This study involved a pilot project to combine two anxiety-reducing aids--group support and the provision of pertinent information--into a single format for maximum stress reduction. Weekly groups producing both support and information lasted 8 months and covered a wide range of topics. Both unstructured and didactic sessions were used. Pre- and postquestionnaires were distributed to each participant to assess ward atmosphere, attitudes about cancer, and level of stress. Participants expressed great satisfaction with the project, but their enthusiasm was not supported by statistical evaluation. Various methodological and programmatic aspects that may account for the discrepancy between anecdotal and statistical results are discussed.
California↗
Epidemiologic features of urinary infections due to enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim.
For a period of one year we identified all urinary isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to either nalidixic acid (NA) or trimethoprim (TMP). Host and organism characteristics associated with the occurrence of 68 NA and 61 TMP-resistant isolates were compared with 61 matched antimicrobial-susceptible controls. Minimum inhibitory concentrations to NA and TMP were carried out on all isolates, Escherichia coli isolates were biotyped and TMP-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) synergy studies were performed on TMP-resistant isolates. Study patients were reviewed with regard to age, renal function, presence of structural urinary tract abnormality, history of antimicrobial treatment and persistence of study strains within the urinary tract. Resistance to both drugs was associated with prior treatment with the relevant antimicrobial and with underlying urinary tract abnormality. No association was noted between resistance and patient age or renal function. Once resistant organisms infected an abnormal urinary tract, they were able to persist almost indefinitely. Patients with persistent urinary infections associated with structural urinary tract abnormality account for most NA or TMP-resistant infections in our hospital and constitute an identifiable group in whom the therapeutic usefulness of these drugs is limited.
Adult↗
Effect of adrenocorticotropin on milk and plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations.
Milk cortisol and prolactin concentrations were measured in 12 lactating Holstein cows for 3 days (Experiment 1). On day 3, cows were divided randomly into groups: IV1, IV4, IM, and control. Group IV1 received one intravenous injection of 49 IU adrenocorticotropin, group IV4 the same dosage four times at 2-h intervals, group IM 240 IU adrenocorticotropin intramuscularly, and control cows were injected with saline. Cortisol concentrations in blood plasma were increased in all groups following adrenocorticotropin injection, while milk cortisol concentrations increased fourfold in groups IV4 and IM and remained unchanged in group IV1. In Experiment 2, infusion of 18% saline into the mammary gland of three cows increased the somatic cell count in the infused quarter but had no effect on prolactin and cortisol of milk or plasma. In Experiment 3, six cows each were assigned to treatment groups of saline controls, IV2-0 (40 IU adrenocorticotropin intravenously at 0 and 2 h post-milking) or IV2-8 (40 IU adrenocorticotropin intravenously at 8 and 10 h post-milking). Half udders of each cow were milked before treatment and 4 h later. Increases of cortisol in plasma increased cortisol concentrations of milk 4 h after each treatment (IV2-0 and IV2-8). However, by 12 h after treatment in IV2-0 cortisol concentrations of milk had returned to normal. Increases in adrenal cortisol secretion are followed rapidly (within 4 h) by increased cortisol concentrations in milk. However, these decline rapidly in the absence of sustained increments in blood cortisol. Increased cortisol concentrations in milk most likely represent sustained elevation in plasma cortisol.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Euglena gracilis chloroplast EF-Ts. Evidence that it is a nuclear-coded gene product.
Extracts of Euglena gracilis cells contain high levels of elongation factor (EF)-Ts (EF-Tschl) activity which can be assayed by measuring the rate of exchange of GDP with Escherichia coli EF-Tu . GDP. The appearance of EF-Ts activity in E. gracilis cells is light-stimulated, suggesting that the EF-Ts is required for chloroplast function. However, based on experiments with a mutant of E. gracilis lacking chloroplast DNA, as well as studies on the effect of antibiotics on EF-Ts synthesis, it is concluded that the EF-Tschl gene is nuclear-coded.
Cell Nucleus↗
Clinical efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin in the treatment of gram-negative infections.
Netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used to treat 41 infections in 38 patients. The outcome of four infections could not be evaluated: two patients received inadequate therapy and two did not have gram-negative infections. Clinical improvement occurred in 36 (97%) of the 37 gram-negative infections, and bacteriologic cure occurred in 30 (86%) of the 35 evaluable infections. Therapeutic serum concentrations of netilmicin were readily achieved by both intramuscular and intravenous routes. Reversible ototoxic effects occurred in 1 (3%) of 35 courses of therapy evaluated, reversible nephrotoxic effects occurred in 5 (14%) of 36 courses and mild reversible alterations in liver function occurred in 3 (19%) of 34 courses. Netilmicin appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of aerobic gram-negative infections.
Adolescent↗
Biotyping of Escherichia coli by a simple multiple-inoculation agar plate technique.
A nine-test system using multiple-inoculation agar plates for biotyping of Escherichia coli is described. Testing of 959 strains resulted in 78 biotypes. On repeated testing, 96% of 182 strains had identical biotypes or differed by only one test. This system provides satisfactory differentiation among strains and is reproducible. Precise standardization of inoculum size is not required. Multiple inoculation allows time and cost-efficient testing of large numbers of strains.
Adult↗
Neonatal osteomyelitis.
To evaluate current conservative therapy and document the existence of a recent shift in etiologic agents, we reviewed the records of 45 infants who developed osteomyelitis within the first ten weeks of life and who were admitted to Babies Hospital (New York) from 1951 through 1976. Emphasis was placed on characteristics and course of the disease, etiologic agents, therapy, and outcome. Illness was diagnosed within the first two weeks of life in 34 of the 45 infants (73%). Only six had been delivered normally after normal pregnancy and led a normal life before development of ostemyelitis. Infected sites were distinctive in frequency of involvement of multiple foci (21), of facial bones (10), and of joints contiguous to infected long bones (22 of 29). Conservative therapy (nonsurgical) seems reasonable for the majority of patients. Of particular interest is documentation of a shift from Staphylococcus aureus as predominant etiologic agent before 1965 to beta-hemolytic streptococci, commonly group B, from 1965 through 1976. Data collected from the literature of the 1930s indicate that such shifts have occurred before.
Delivery, Obstetric↗
Clinical and laboratory study of tobramycin in the treatment of infections due to gram-negative organisms.
Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used to treat 52 infections due to gram-negative organisms in 51 patients. Complicated urinary tract infections, bacteremia and pyelonephritis accounted for 80% of the infections. The rate of immediate satisfactory response was 79%. During therapy with tobramycin, resistant organisms emerged in four patients--two Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two Escherichia coli strains. There were four superinfections with tobramycin-resistant Providencia sp. In four seriously ill patients the serum creatinine concentration increased 1 mg/dL or more; in three the increase was transient. No auditory toxicity was noted in the 19 patients in whom serial audiograms were made. In vitro testing of isolates from these patients showed that tobramycin and gentamicin had equal activity against Enterobacteriaceae. Tobramycin was two to four times more active against susceptible P. aeruginosa.
Adolescent↗
Typhoid fever in pregnancy with probable typhoid hepatitis.
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Adult↗
Therapeutic implications of gentamicin accumulation in severly diseased kidneys.
We evaluated the influence of severe disease in human kidneys (12 patients) on gentamicin sulfate accumulation characteristics in such tissue and compared the results with intrarenal tissue concentration data derived from the study of healthy dogs (54 kidneys) during variation in hydration and urinary pH. Our results indicate that, in the management of pyelonephritis complicating preexisting renal disease, if the minimal inhibitory gentamicin concentration for an infecting organism is greater than the usual therapeutic an nontoxic serum levels of the compound, then it may be appropriate to use alternate antibiotics that demonstrate lesser reduction in tissue drug accumulation in diseased kidneys.
Animals↗
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester in various food products and formulations.
A simple, rapid, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure is described for the analysis of the chemical sweetener L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame). Using a strong cation exchange column and pressures less than 1000 psig, an analysis can be performed in less than 15 min. The technique has been applied to a wide range of food products and formulations. No interferences were found in the samples studied. Recoveries are quantitative, and the coefficients of variation for replicate analyses are less than or equal to 2.5%.
Ammonia-Lyases↗
Effects of interval payment, task choice and high rate reinforcement contingencies on the production rate of trainable level retarded and severely emotionally disturbed students.
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Adolescent↗
Editorial: The care of youth.
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Adolescent↗
The ecology of micro-organisms in a closed environment.
Experimental data are presented which have a bearing on the susceptibility of astronauts to infectious diseases. These experiments include the observation of growth by two bacteria in Biosatellite 2, in which higher mean densities were attained than in earth-based controls. In addition, weightlessness combined with the special environment of a space vessel may affect the physiology of the astronauts. Earth-based studies in closed chambers were carried out under a variety of conditions with regard to pressure and oxygen content. One notable result was the transfer of micro-organisms from subject to subject. Comparative experiments were carried out in Antarctica and it was shown that the tests in closed chambers differed markedly from the Antarctica experience. The objectives and procedures of microbiological tests of the Gemini and Apollo programs are outlined.
Aerospace Medicine↗