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Biomedical subjects

L Forssman

Publications and source records attributed to L Forssman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Isolation of Chlamydia in acute salpingitis.

In 22 patients with acute salpingitis, verified by laparoscopy, samples for attempted isolation of bacteria, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia were drawn from aspirates and cervical smears. CF-antibodies to Chlamydia were measured to acute and convalescent phase sera. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from tubal secretions in two patients and Mycoplasmas in one patient. In two patients Chlamydia were recovered from the Fallopian tube. The serological investigation indicated Chlamydia infection in 6 patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Methods of calculating uterine blood flow from the wash-out curves of intra-arterial and local injections of 133Xenon.

The wash-out curve from the human non-pregnant uterus of intra-arterially and locally injected 133Xenon can be broken down into two, sometimes three components. It has not been shown that these components are physiologically meaningful. However, if it is assumed that the uterus is composed of two or three compartments perfused in parallel, it is possible to calculate total blood flow per unit weight using relative weights of the compartments and compartment blood flows. Relative weights may be determined from the amount of isotope present in each compartment at the start of the washout. The possibly false assumption of a certain number of compartments has in this study been avoided by evaluating curves after intra-arterial injections according to the stochastic method of Zierler analysis, disregarding any elimination of isotope left after 20 minutes. After local injections initial slope analysis has been used. The equation for values according to Zierler as a function of compartment values is y=0.9772x-0.5921, for modified Zierler analysis values y=1.2582x-2.3993 and for initial slope values y=0.8679x-1.3412. The conclusion is that compartment analysis may be a good alternative for calculation of mean blood flow, even if it has not been shown that individual compartment values are physiologically meaningful.

Female↗
PubMed1975

An improved method of epidural analgesia with reduced instrumental delivery rate.

A detailed study on a modified technique of epidural analgesia (EDA) for pain relief in obstetrics has been performed. The aim of the modifications was to reduce the number of instrumental deliveries and at the same time to make the delivery as smooth as possible for the baby. This was achieved by the use of an anaesthetic with a favourable ratio between neonatal and maternal plasma levels (Bupivacaine) in low concentration (0.25%). A special technique of injection enabled us to limit the extent of the blockade. An epidural catheter was inserted between L2 and L3 and moved upwards 20 cm into the epidural space. 8-10 ml of the solution was then injected after a test dose. The blockade was continued by the repeated injection of smaller doses. As judged by the skin anaesthetic zones and by obstetric examinations, the patient was gradually positioned, during labour, from supine to half-sitting. The catheter was withdrawn at the end of the first stage of labour so that the lower sacral segments could be blocked. A group of 100 patients treated with the technique described was followed. The number of instrumental deliveries in the present series (15%) was significantly lower in similar series reported in the literature. The group of 100 patients treated with modified EDA was also compared with 100 control patients who received only conventional treatment without EDA. There was no differences in the number of abnormal presentations, while the number of caesarean sections and cases of atonic post-partum bleeding was insignificantly lower in the EDA group. The difference in the number of instrumental deliveries-although somewhat higher in the EDA group-was not statistically significant. The total length of labour was prolonged in the EDA group but EDA was not necessarily responsible for this undesired effect. The clinical status of the babies was found to be better after EDA than in control group, as judged from Apgar score. Furthermore, fetal bradycardia was significantly reduced with EDA. It is concluded that EDA, as used in this study, not only is a preferable way of achieving pain relif in the mother but also offers a means of facilitating the birth process for the infant, reducing the incidence of pre- and post-natal asphyxia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiologic characteristics of two different populations of women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and their male partners.

Two groups of women under the age of 26 with chlamydial infection (A-asymptomatic women from a screening program, B-traditional STD clinic patients) and their partners were compared with respect to history of STD, sexual behavior, contraception, and indices for income and social welfare expense. The mean number of partners was 1.3 in group A and 1.8 in group B. Women in group B, in spite of more frequent condom use, demonstrated greater risk behavior both with respect to STD and to unwanted pregnancy and also had higher indices for social welfare expense. More group A partners than group B partners were asymptomatic and chlamydia negative. Group B partners also more often had low income as well as high social welfare expense indices. In both groups, complicated chains of transmission were found, and the need for expert contact tracing in both types of patient groups is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of development of serum antibodies to HPV16 and HPV33 and acquisition of cervical HPV DNA among sexually experienced and virginal young girls. A longitudinal cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To study the importance of sexual activity and early coitus debut on the risk for acquiring infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 33. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-eight healthy adolescent girls were followed up with consecutive interviews and donations of serum and cervical brush samples during 2 years. RESULTS: Fourteen percent of sexually experienced girls had serum immunoglobulin G to HPV16 and/or HPV33 capsids, and 14% also had cervical HPV16 or HPV33 DNA. Seropositivity for HPV correlated with detection of cervical HPV DNA. None of the 36 girls without coital experience was seropositive or harbored cervical HPV DNA. Seropositivity for HPV was correlated strongly with the number of sexual partners: Odds ratio for > 1 sexual partner was 16.3 (P < 0.001), and for early coitus debut (younger than 17 years of age), it was 14.3 (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Both HPV serology and HPV DNA testing indicated that the number of sexual partners and earliness of coitus debut determined the risk for acquiring HPV infection and that nonsexually transmitted infections are rare or nonexistent among adolescent girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact tracing in the control of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Four different types of contact tracing for partners of Chlamydia trachomatis infected patients were compared with respect to reinfections during two 15-month periods in 1979/80 and in 1983/84. Between the two study periods a gradual improvement in contact tracing occurred. No reduction in overall reinfections was observed in the second period, reinfections occurring within 12 weeks were similar in the two periods. Treatment of the regular partner (by giving the woman a prescription for her partner) without examination or further partner follow-up resulted in few reinfections. A system of partner referral without verification that partners actually appeared for examination resulted in significantly more reinfections by the regular partner than a system with non-mandatory verification: 60 of 997 women (6%) compared with 6 of 645 (1%). The addition of C. trachomatis infection to the existing STD legislation resulted in fewer identified partners refusing examination than previously, one of 254 men (0.4%) compared with 40 of 223 (18%) before legal inclusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice of sexual partner according to rate of partner change and social class of the partners.

Models for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, rely on sexual partner mixing patterns in the population. From data acquired through partner notification for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis among young people in Gothenburg, Sweden, it was possible to construct contact matrices for the variables 'rate of partner change' and 'social class' of the partners in pair formations. These matrices show a restricted mixing between these two variables for young heterosexual women. Therefore random mixing models will probably overestimate rate of spread and possibly final size of an epidemic of a sexually transmitted disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genital papillomavirus infection in women treated for chlamydial infection.

Samples for chlamydia testing were taken from 298 and PAP smear from 284 non-pregnant sexually active young women in a midwife-run family planning dervice. Chlamydia was found in 36 (12.1%). Three women (1.1%) had cytological atypia corresponding to CIN I or II. Koilocytosis was seen in 9 smears (2.8%). Thirty-two of the chlamydia-positive women were followed for a mean of 15 months by a gynaecologist with chlamydia tests, colposcopy, PAP-smears and in some cases biopsies. There were 7 reinfections with chlamydia (22%). Signs of genital papillomavirus infection (GPVI) were found in 24 of the 32 chlamydia cases during follow-up. Twenty chlamydia-positive patients had abnormal colposcopy, 15 of them had other changes suggestive of GPVI, seven of these had CIN I or II. At follow-up 6 patients had cytologic atypia (18.8%) compared with the average 1.5% in this department during this period. Among 12 patients with normal colposcopy there were no cytological changes. Chlamydial infection calls for increased alertness regarding abnormal vaginal cytology even among young patients not commonly included in PAP smear screening programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 6810 young women attending family planning clinics.

Screening programmes are important for the control of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection, a disease spread mainly by asymptomatic carriers. Risk factors for Ct infection were assessed in 6810 consecutive asymptomatic young women seeking contraceptive advice. All women filled in a questionnaire and were offered Ct testing. Of the 5785 who consented to testing, 425 (7.3%) were Ct culture positive. Four variables were significantly related to increased risk of being infected: age 18-23 years, duration of present relationship less than 1 year, non-use of condoms, and a history of not having had a previous genital infection. It is not possible to devise screening criteria that would effectively identify women at high risk. Therefore a screening programme should be targeted at all sexually active young people. However, if after some years the programme succeeds in lowering general Ct prevalence, these factors may be important when selecting patients for Ct testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervix only detected in girls after coitus.

In a prospective cohort study on the prevalence of HPV in a group of female Swedish students, we obtained repeated cytological specimens during a period of 2 years, for cytological diagnosis and PCR detection of HPV. The group comprised 98 girls, sampled between 15 and 17 years, and 82 of them completed the study. The girls were also followed every sixth month by a structured face-to-face interview regarding sexuality. Only the sexually experienced girls harboured HPV-DNA in the cervix with a cumulative prevalence of 37% and HPV16 was the most common type encountered. Almost half of the infected girls were lacking any clinical or subclinical signs of HPV infection. There was a positive correlation between the presence of HPV and the number of coital partners. The time period since coitarche also had importance for the HPV detection rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Auto-immunity to spermatozoa and quality of semen in men with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in serum, and on spermatozoa, in men with spinal cord injury. DESIGN: Thirty men whose injury occurred 1 to 18 years ago compared with 30 men with normal semen. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Eighteen tetraplegic and 12 paraplegic patients were treated with vibrator or rectal electrostimulation, yielding a total of 25 ejaculates. RESULTS: Semen analyses (WHO): volume low, with concentration > 100 million/mL in 80%; 8/30 exhibited sperm agglutinating antibodies, but with low titres. CONCLUSIONS: Low titres of serum antibodies and absence of attached IgA antibodies indicate autoimmunity is not the cause of low sperm motility and penetration capacity in these patients.

Adolescent↗