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Biomedical subjects

L Forrest

Publications and source records attributed to L Forrest.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prediction in breast cancer of the extent of axillary node involvement from the size and lymphovascular invasion status of the primary tumour: medico-legal considerations.

AIM: To ascertain for medico-legal purposes in the United Kingdom, the extent to which in breast cancer primary tumour size and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) status determine axillary node staging. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty symptomatic patients had their tumour sizes stratified into 1cm ranges and the percentage incidence/probability of the axillary stage being 1, 2 or 3 was calculated separately for those tumours that showed no evidence of LVI and those that did. RESULTS: The presence of LVI has a marked effect on the likelihood and extent of axillary node involvement for all primary tumour sizes. CONCLUSIONS: This needs to be recognized and quantified when prediction of this extent is made for medico-legal purposes. Within the constraints of the 'balance of probabilities' argument in UK law, it is rarely possible to differentiate between the likelihood of the axillary stage being 2 or 3.

Axilla↗
PubMed2002

Arteriovenous fistula of the lateral superior and inferior geniculate arteries. A unique cause of a "recurrent prepatellar bursa.

We report a previously undocumented case of an arteriovenous fistula of the superior and inferior lateral geniculate arteries presenting with what was thought to be a recurrent prepatellar bursa requiring repeated drainage and excision. The diagnosis was made by arteriography. Surgical exploration and ligation of the feeding and draining vessels, via a posterior approach, alleviated the symptoms. Vascular injury should be suspected in patients presenting with recurrent postoperative hematomas or hemarthroses following surgery on the knee.

Angiography↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of the renal portal system of the common green iguana (Iguana iguana) by digital subtraction imaging.

Digital subtraction angiography was used to map the venous blood flow from the pelvic limb and the tail in the common green iguana (Iguana iguana). The majority of blood returning from the pelvic limb bypassed the kidney and entered the general circulation, whereas venous blood flow from the tail entered the renal portal circulation. No evidence was found of a renal portal valve.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1993

Chimaeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody cross-linked by monocyte Fc gamma receptor mediates apoptosis of human CD4 lymphocytes.

Previous studies have shown that murine anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, cross-linked by rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin, could mediate apoptosis of murine CD4+ lymphocytes when they were stimulated by T cell receptor antibody. In this study, we have shown that the murine anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, OKT4, can induce apoptosis in human CD4+ T cells stimulated by the recall antigen tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) only when cross-linked by rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, cM-T412 whose Fc fragment is human, was able to cause apoptosis without cross-linking by a second antibody. Similarly, abolition of PPD-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cM-T412 did not require cross-linking with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin. Inhibition of proliferation by cM-T412 could be reduced by pre-treating monocytes with heat-aggregated human IgG. This suggested that monocyte Fc gamma receptors might be cross-linking the human Fc of cM-T412. Propidium iodide staining together with immunofluorescence showed that the apoptotic cells were indeed CD4+ lymphocytes. It is proposed that during treatment with cM-T412 in autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, cM-T412-coated CD4 T cells, when they are subsequently stimulated by the unknown arthritogenic antigen, may undergo apoptotic cell death through cross-linking of cM-T412 on Fc gamma receptor-positive cells within the joint.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Current concepts in soft connective tissue wound healing.

The strength and integrity of intact soft connective tissues are related to the forces which exist between collagen fibrils and these in turn appear to depend on collagen fibril size, density and architecture en masse. The genetic type of collagen, enzymic modifications to the collagen monomer and the proteoglycan environment all affect fibril size. Current evidence suggests that the restoration of tissue continuity and the early redevelopment of tissue strength following wounding are initially achieved by the formation of a myofibroblast-reticulin network which eventually disappears as the healing wound ages. The extent of this network defines the area in which repair tissue will be laid down and the network is equipped with the sensory apparatus to monitor the physical and chemical environment where healing is taking place and thus to direct the various facets of connective tissue synthesis outlined above. The maturation of the scar connective tissue matrix and the development of attachment between new and original connective tissues are simultaneous, related but independent processes. It takes some time before the weld is achieved by the same forces that hold connective tissue fibres together in intact tissues and the myofibroblast-reticulin network is replaced.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Changes in guinea-pig dermal collagen during development.

Guinea-pig dermis was digested with pepsin and the solubilized collagen molecules separated by differential salt precipitation at pH 7.5. Differences in subunit composition and amino acid analysis were noted between type I and type III collagen. Incorporation of radioactive proline into the developing foetus enabled isolation of labelled type I and type III collagens. Comparison of the specific activity of the isolated collagen molecules showed that type III collagen had a high specific activity in the early stages of foetal development, which decreased dramatically during foetal development. The specific activity of pepsin-solubilized type I collagen remained fairly constant during foetal development.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the cyanogen bromide peptides of insoluble guinea-pig skin and scar collagen.

Insoluble guinea-pig skin collagen and insoluble dermal scar collagen were cleaved with CNBr and the peptides derived from the alpha1-chain were separated by ion-exchange and molecular-sieve chromatography. Comparison of the peptides from scar collagen with those from skin collagen showed that the former contained more hydroxylysine. Separation of the CNBr peptides showed that this increase in hydroxylysine was found not only in the non-helical regions, but was also seen down the helical portion of the molecule. Separation of the peptides revealed the presence of more peptides in digests of skin collagen than those of scar, and these have been attributed to the presence of Type III collagen in skin, but no evidence was found for the presence of this Type III collagen in dermal scar tissue.

Amino Acids↗