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Biomedical subjects

L Fishbein

Publications and source records attributed to L Fishbein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of solvents. I. Glycidyl ethers, dioxane, nitroalkanes, dimethylformamide and allyl derivatives.

The carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity as well as structural features and relationships of the glycidylethers (principally phenyl-, butyl-, allyl-, and isopropyl-), dioxane, nitroalkanes (nitro methane, ethane and propane), dimethylformamide and allyl derivatives (chloride, alcohol and amine) were examined. Additionally, considerations of the production, use patterns, estimated populations at risk, TLV's and metabolism of the above agents were discussed.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed1981

Sources, transport and alterations of metal compounds: an overview. I. Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel.

An overview is presented of the current state of knowledge of the salient aspects of the sources, transport, and alterations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. This information is considered vital for a better assessment of the scope of potential human hazard to these ubiquitous toxicants and their compounds. Stress is focused on both natural and industrial activities, particularly on the latter's projected trends. Increasing use patterns per se of most of these metals, as well as aspects of waste disposal and the anticipated increased combustion of fossil fuels for power generation and space heating (particularly in the United States), are major causes of potential health concern. Additionally, attention is drawn to the need for increased research to fill the gaps in our knowledge in these vital areas, all in the hope of permitting a more facile identification and quantification of the potential hazard to exposure to these agents.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Review of the dioxin problem. Mass spectrometric analyses of tetrachlorodioxins in environmental samples.

Major concern over the chemical group of chlorodioxins has arisen since 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin with its extremely toxic and teratogenic properties has been found in widely distributed pesticides such as the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid. Because of its chemical stability and lipophilic nature, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin released into the environment has the potential of accumulation in the food chain. Mass spectrometry in its various forms has been the method of choice to detect and confirm low parts per billion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Recently, a Consensus Forum held at the National Center for Toxicological Research amongst the various United States Government agencies (Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, US Department of Agriculture and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), eloquently demonstrated the potential, as well as the shortcomings, of the various techniques applied. In particular, the availability of a stable 13C labeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin has proved to be an essential component to achieve low level quantitation. A brief review of the findings of the Consensus Forum is presented together with a detailed survey of the application of atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry to TCDD analysis at the National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A toxicological risk assessment procedure: a proposal for a surveillance index for hazardous chemicals.

Health-oriented government agencies responsible for the protection of the public from possible adverse effects, such as that posed by chemical residues in the food supply, must establish priorities on regulatory action as well as for manpower to conduct monitoring programs. A new procedure entitled Surveillance Index (SI) is presented as a technique to evaluate toxic materials that are potential candidates as residues in food supplies and to assign an index number that identifies a relative hazard to the public among the various residues. The SI numbers can be used as criteria by which chemical residues should be monitored whenever conditions such as time and available resources are limiting factors.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1979

Potential halogenated industrial carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. I. Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons.

The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons represent one of the most important categories of industrial chemicals from a consideration of use categories, production volume, environmental and toxicological considerations, and hence most importantly, potential population risk. The major unsaturated hydrocarbons reviewed, primarily in terms of their synthesis, utility, stability, distribution and levels of exposure as well as their reactivity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and metabolism, include: vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, chloroprene, trans-1,4-dichlorobutene, hexachlorobutadiene and allyl chloride.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Potential halogenated industrial carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. II. Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons.

The halogenated saturated hydrocarbons analogously to the previously considered halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons (Part I) possess considerable utility in a broad spectrum of applications including; solvents, dry-cleaning fluids, refrigerants, fumigants, degreasing agents, propellants and intermediates in the production of other chemicals, textiles and plastics. Methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, hexachloroethane, ethyl chloride and fluorocarbons were reviewed principally in terms of their synthesis (or occurrence), areas of application, stability, distribution, reactivity, levels of exposure, populations at risk, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Overview of some aspects of occurrence, formation and analysis of nitrosamines.

This review principally addresses a number of aspects of the occurrence and formation of the nitrosamines, highlighting principal areas of potential concern ranging from the spectrum of nitrosatable moieties found in the environment (e.g., secondary and tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, ureas, carbamates and guanidines), specific examples of nitrosamines found in food, alcoholic beverages, feed (and their significance for carcinogenesis bioassays), air and water. The factors influencing in vitro and in vivo nitrosation and the evidence for the latter in man are also discussed. Additionally, germane areas of the analysis of nitrosamines are reviewed with a focus on the major areas of concern and requirements of extreme sensitivity and selectivity in addition to the problems of artifacts in the analytical procedures.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1979

Potential halogenated industrial carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. III. Alkane halides, alkanols and ethers.

A variety of alkane halides, alkanols and ethers, analogous to the previously considered halogenated unsaturated (Part I) and saturated hydrocarbons (Part II) possess significant utility in a broad spectrum of applications including: solvents, fumigants, propellants and intermediates in the production of other chemicals, textiles, plastics and ion-exchange resins. Ethylene dichloride and dibromide, propylene dichloride; dibromochloropropane; 2-chloroethanol; 1-chloro-2-propanol; 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol; bis(chloromethyl)-, chloromethyl methyl-, bis(2-chloroisopropyl)-, and bis(2-chloroethyl-ethers were reviewed principally in terms of their synthesis, areas of utility, stability, distribution, reactivity, levels of exposure, population at risk, metabolism, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1979

Potential halogenated industrial carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. IV. Halogenated aryl derivatives.

A variety of halogenated aryl derivatives possess significant activity as solvents for pesticides, heat transfer agents, pesticide intermediates, additives for rubber products, intermediates in organic synthesis and as insect repellants and deodorants. Ortho- and para-dichlorobenzenes; 1,2,4-trichloro- and hexachlorobenzene, as well as bromobenzenes and benzylchloride were reviewed principally in terms of their synthesis, areas of utility, stability, distribution, reactivity, levels of exposure, populations at risk, metabolism, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Overview of potential mutagenic problems posed by some pesticides and their trace impurities.

This review principally addresses a number of aspects of usage of pesticides as well as populations at potential risk and attempts to highlight categories of pesticides whose structures or those of their metabolites and/or trace impurities, degradation and transformation products suggest an a priori mutagenic and/or carcinogenic risk. The pesticides considered include: DDT, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 2,4,5-T, pentachlorophenol, and various herbicidal precursors (e.g., carbamates, triazines) of nitrosamines and nitroso derivatives. Structural features of a number of halo-unsaturated pesticides (e.g., dichloropropenes) were also reviewed from a viewpoint of contrasting their potential mutagenicity with that of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Additionally the mutagenicity of the organophosphorus pesticide Trichlorophon is contrasted with that of its degradation products.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Industrial mutagens and potential mutagens I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives.

The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons represent one of the most important categories of industrial chemicals from a consideration of volume, use categories, environmental and toxicological considerations and hence most importantly, potential population risk. The major halocarbons reviewed, primarily in terms of their occurrence, utility, stability, distribution, and levels of exposure as well as their metabolism, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity included: vinylchloride, vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, chloroprene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, fluorocarbons (trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane), epichlorohydrin, halohydrins (2-chloro- and 2-bromoethanol) and haloethers (bis(chloromethyl); chloromethyl'-methyl; bis(2-chloroethyl)-and bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether. In many instances, data were not available to assess world production, populations at risk and degrees of exposure. With the exception of vinylchloride, vinylidene chloride, epichlorohydrin and 2-halo ethanols, there is an acknowledged paucity of definitive mutagenicity data concerning the majority of halogenated hydrocarbons. Their ubiquitous distribution, and in a number of cases, their carcinogenicity both in man and animals, dictates the urgent need to more exhaustively investigate their potential mutagenicity.

Carbon Tetrachloride↗