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Biomedical subjects

L F Villa

Publications and source records attributed to L F Villa.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Crush fracture syndrome in senile osteoporosis: a nutritional consequence?

Osteoporosis is a very important age-related health problem. The body's composition changes with age, and these changes are a true reflection of aging and of the individuals's nutritional status. Mineral content changes have been reported in vertebral osteoporosis. Interestingly, enough, there have not been reports on concomitant water, fat, and fat-free mass changes associated with this condition. In this report, changes in the latter parameters are compared between patients with osteoporosis and controls. The four components (water, mineral, fat, and fat-free mass) were found significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in osteoporosis. Serum albumin and protein mass were also reduced (p less than 0.001).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Sex differences in the acquisition of total bone mineral mass peak assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry evaluation of total body bone mineral content (TBBM), total bone mineral density (TBMD), and regional bone mineral content (BMC) (head, trunk, arms, and legs) was carried out in order to assess sex differences of bone in 120 women and 121 men aged 15-29 years. Subjects from both sexes were divided into 5-year groups (15 through 19, 20 through 24, and 25 through 29 years old, respectively). Significantly higher values for TBBM, TBMD, and regional BMC were observed in males compared with females in the 20 to 24 and 25 to 29-year-old groups (P less than 0.001), but not in the group aged 15-19. After adjusting TBBM for lean body mass (LBM), we observed significantly lower values of TBBM/LBM in the males compared with females in all the age groups. A positive and significant correlation was observed between TBBM and age in the males of all the groups (r = 0.624, P less than 0.001), but not in the females. These data suggest that total bone mass peak acquisition takes place earlier in women than in men, leading to more reduced bone mass value, which in turn may be an osteoporosis predisposing factor.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Is pelvic bone mineral content assessed through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry an appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation in women?

Bibliographic references seem very controversial regarding the most appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation. Since some overlapping in the different bone mass measurements among normal and osteoporotic females has been observed, we have studied the bone mineral content of the pelvic bone through DEXA, and have correlated it with the total body bone mineral content, a highly discriminating measure, in order to observe whether pelvic bone mineral may be a useful measure in bone mass assessment. Pelvic and total body bone mineral values did not decrease until menopause in 104 normal premenopausal females aged 20 to 49 years. On the other hand, these values decreased in normal postmenopausal women (n = 44) aged 50 to 65 years (p < 0.001), with a 16% pelvic bone mineral content and an 11% total body bone mineral content decrease. Osteoporotic females (n = 30), showed lower values for both levels than normal postmenopausal ones (p < 0.001), with a 54% pelvic and a 24% total decrease. A 15% overlap was observed when pelvic values between normal postmenopausal and osteoporotic females were compared. The greater percentage decrease in pelvic BMC compared to total body bone mineral content and the lower overlap observed suggest that the pelvis may be an ideal anatomical area for bone mass evaluations.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Total and regional bone mineral content in relation to menopause.

Total body bone mineral content (TBBM) and anatomical region bone mineral content (head, trunk and extremities) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 188 women aged 60 +/- 6 years, of whom 154 were normal and 34 were osteoporotic. Of the 154 normal subjects, 90 were premenopausal (40 aged 44 +/- 3 years and 50 aged 34 +/- 8 years), the remaining 64 being postmenopausal and aged 58 +/- 7 years. There were no TBBM or regional changes in the premenopausal women, whereas there was a significant reduction in bone mineral content in the postmenopausal as compared with the premenopausal women in all regions. The osteoporotic subjects showed a general decrease (P < 0.001) in all measurements which was more marked in the trunk. The rate of TBBM reduction was 16% in the normal postmenopausal women and 29% in the osteoporotic subjects. All the postmenopausal women (both normal and osteoporotic) showed lower TBBM values than those in the Wisconsin trial, similar results being obtained in the case of the premenopausal group. Such differences can only be explained by hardship experienced by these now postmenopausal women during their childhood and adolescence.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

Total and regional bone mineral content in normal premenopausal women.

In the present, cross-section study, a total of 185 normal premenopausal females--aged 15 through 19 years (n = 40), 20 to 29 years (n = 60), 30 through 39 years (n = 40) and 40 to 49 years (n = 45)--were assessed in order to observe and evaluate the total body bone mineral content and the regional body mineral content of different anatomical regions (head, trunk, arms and legs), when the bone mass peak is established in women and its course during premenopause. All subjects underwent bone densitometry with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry with a Norland XR-26 bone densitometer. No differences between groups were found in total body bone mineral and regional bone mineral content values. Total body bone mineral values (mean +/- SD) were 2546 +/- 461 g and 2691 +/- 499 g in the 15-19 year-old group and 40-49 year-old group respectively. The regional bone mineral content values for the same age group were 495 +/- 75 g and 499 +/- 89 g for the head, 1007 +/- 254 g and 1043 +/- 212 g for the trunk, 327 +/- 74 g and 336 +/- 81 for the arms, and 860 +/- 167 g and 811 +/- 146 g for the legs. The results of this study indicate that the peak bone mass is reached at the age of 20 years and that it remains stable in the premenopausal eugonadal females.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

The measurement of osteoporosis in clinical practice.

It has been reported that metacarpal morphometry does not correlate with iliac crest histomorphometry in patients with hip fractures. Such disagreement led us to study the correlation between both types of measurements on 35 patients who had suffered hip fracture. We observed a significant correlation between metacarpal morphometry and iliac crest cortical width (p less than 0.001), and to a lesser degree with the trabecular bone volume (p less than 0.01). The same was also true if we assessed separately the patients with cervical or trochanteric hip fractures.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Age- and weight-related changes in total body bone mineral in men.

Since the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in men increase with age, bone mass, as total body bone mineral content (TBBM) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and other variables were determined in men in order to observe whether changes in these parameters justify the increased incidence of bone fractures in men with age. Measurements were conducted in 190 men aged 20-85 years. By correlation tests, no changes were observed in body weight and age. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.67981, r2 = 0.46214, p less than 0.001) between TBBM and body weight, and an inverse significant correlation between TBBM with age (r = 0.34729, r2 = 0.12061, p less than 0.001); this decrease is linear with age and represents a 0.3% annual bone loss. These results suggest that lower weight and/or worse psychomotor response and its effects minimizing trauma, may be responsible for the high fracture rate observed in older males.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone mineral content and body composition in postpubertal cyclist boys.

The effect of sports activity on bone mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group of 22 young cyclists aged 16.2 +/- 0.7 years. These athletes trained for 10 hours a week for over two years. Bone mass values were compared with those of 27 sedentary youngsters aged 16.9 +/- 0.3 years. There were no differences in total body bone mineral (TBBM) between groups. The leg bone mineral content (LBMC), body weight, and percentage fat were lower in the cyclists than in controls (p < 0.02, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001 respectively). No changes were observed when TBBM was normalized for weight. The changes observed earlier in LBMC disappeared when normalized for body weight. These results suggest that cycling does not stimulate bone mass in youngsters, and that the type, quality, and length of sports activity need to be defined.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metacarpal cortical thickness by computed radiography in osteoporosis.

Computed radiography was used to make radiogrammetric measurements of the second metacarpal in 240 women, 180 considered normal and 60 osteoporotic. These measurements had a coefficient of variation for the external diameter of 0.74% in normal women and 0.75% in osteoporotic women, and for the internal diameter of 2.4% and 2.03%, respectively. The group of women with osteoporosis was divided according to external diameter and internal diameter into a group with osteoporosis due to increased bone resorption (61.1%, normal external diameter and increased internal diameter), and osteoporosis due to deficient bone formation (26.1%, decreased external diameter and normal internal diameter). In the remaining subjects (12.8%), osteoporosis was attributed to both mechanisms. There was a significant linear regression between internal diameter and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase concentration (p < 0.0001) in the group of increased bone resorption, which was absent (p = ns) in the group with deficient bone mass formation. No changes were observed in the size of the two groups. The low coefficient of variation of radiogrammetric measurements with computed radiography validate it as an accurate technique for bone mass studies. Moreover, it has the additional advantage of permitting determination of the proportion of women with osteoporosis due to increased bone resorption and/or deficient bone mass formation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of supplemental copper on osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of a copper supplement on preventing bone mass loss induced by ovariectomy in rats was investigated. DESIGN: Three groups of fifteen 100-day-old female Wistar rats, each with a mean initial weight of approximately 260 g per animal, were selected for a 30-day experiment. One group of 15 ovariectomized rats was fed a diet supplemented with 15 mg of copper per kilogram of feed. The other two groups: 15 ovariectomized and 15 Sham- ovariectomized rats did not receive the supplement. Morphometric (weight and length) and densitometric studies with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were performed on the whole femur and the fifth lumbar vertebra of each animal at the end of the 30-day period. RESULTS: The ovariectomized rat group fed a diet supplemented with copper did not show the bone mass loss at the axial (fifth lumbar vertebra) or peripheral (femur) level that was evidenced in the ovariectomized group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the measurement of axial and peripheral bones show that a supplement of copper may have a potential therapeutic application in the treatment and prevention of involutional osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of adjuvant-induced arthritis on bone mass in rats and its prevention by non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

The effect of two propionic acid derived drugs, ketoprofene and butibufene, on the prevention of osteopenia due to adjuvant-induced anti-inflammatory arthritis, was studied in groups composed of 10 rats each. Another group of 10 rats was treated with a placebo and 20 non-treated rats served as controls. Once arthritis was evoked, propionic acid derived drugs were administered at equivalent doses, in the form of a local cream applied on the foot where arthritis was induced. The placebo group was treated with the cream without propionic acid derivatives. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the study and the femurs where arthritis was induced were dissected. Bone densitometry studies were conducted with double energy X-ray on these bones to calculate the bone mass. Bone mass was higher in the group treated with ketoprofene (p < 0.025) than in the butibufene and placebo-treated groups, and these 3 groups showed lower values than the control (p < 0.001). These results suggest that propionic acid derivatives can prevent the osteopenia induced by inflammation and the subsequent lack of limb use, an effect which may be related to its analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, this may serve as a good model for the indirect measurement of the effectiveness of analgesic and/or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental animals.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etidronate versus clodronate in the prevention of postovariectomy bone loss. An experimental study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the diphosphonates etidronate and clodronate to find out which was more effective in inhibiting the loss of bone mass after ovariectomy in rats. METHODS: Five lots of female Sprague Dawley rats, each containing 15 rats (14 wks old; mean weight 290 g), were kept under identical living conditions (12 hrs of light and 12 hrs of darkness), habitat, and diet following the current norms of the European Economic Community. One lot was kept as a control; one lot underwent sham ovariectomy (Sham-OVX); and the remaining 3 lots were anesthesized and underwent double ovariectomy (OVX). One lot of ovariectomized rats was given etidronate by esophageal tube, 5 mg/kg/day (OVX-E); one lot was treated with intraperitoneal clodronate, 5 mg/kg/3 days (OVX-Cl). The remaining lot was not manipulated (OVX). The animals' right femurs were then dissected for measurements of the bone mineral content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone densitometry revealed that loss of bone mass 2 months after ovariectomy in the OVX-Cl group was 2.3%, not differing from that of the control group; bone loss in the OVX-E group was 11.7%, significantly different from the control group and from the OVX-Cl group (p < 0.001). These results show that clodronate is superior to etidronate in inhibiting osteopenia after ovariectomy in rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum osteocalcin and calcitropic hormones in a homogeneous group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: its implication in the osteopenia of the disease.

Different mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of the generalized osteopenia found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We measured the calcium, osteocalcin (BGP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT) and 25(OH)D3 levels as well as urine 24 hr calcium, Ca/Cr and OHP/Cr in a homogeneous group of 30 non-disabled patients (10 men, 8 premenopausal women and 12 postmenopausal women) recently diagnosed as having RA (disease duration 4 to 6 months). They had normal serum levels of vitamin K, were not on previous or present treatments known to interfere with calcium metabolism, and were not pregnant if females of fertile age. The group was compared with an age-matched control group of 32 healthy subjects (10 men, 8 premenopausal women and 14 postmenopausal women). We observed significantly decreased levels of 25(OH)D3 (29.9 +/- 9.9 vs 48.7 +/- 12.1 ng/mL; p < 0.005) and significantly increased levels of urine OHP/Cr (2.24 +/- 0.71 vs 1.56 +/- 0.82 mg/mg; p < 0.001) in the RA group. No differences in these two parameters were found between the three subgroups of RA patients. Male RA patients showed decreased levels of serum BGP (7.3 +/- 1.0 vs 8.2 +/- 1.7 ng/mL; p < 0.01). The remaining parameters did not differ significantly between RA patients and controls. These data suggest that the generalised osteopenia found in RA may be a consequence of increased bone resorption without a concomitant increase in bone formation, perhaps related to mechanisms inherent to the disease.

Adult↗