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Biomedical subjects

L F James

Publications and source records attributed to L F James.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Plant poisoning in livestock. Management strategies for prevention.

Poisonous plants are a principal cause of economic loss to the US livestock industry. These losses are due to such things as deaths of livestock, abortions, photosensitization, debilitation and birth defects. Additionally, livestock producers and land managers are faced with such problems as fencing, loss of forage, altered grazing programs, and, in some instances, supplemental feeding programs and veterinary fees. Much can be done to prevent these losses if those involved know the poisonous plants growing on their ranges and the conditions under which the animal may be poisoned.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Emory milkvetch (Astragalus emoryanus var emoryanus) poisoning in chicks, sheep, and cattle.

A severe outbreak of Emory milkvetch poisoning in cattle and sheep occurred near Roswell, New Mexico, in the spring of 1975. Mortality averaged 2% to 3% and morbidity averaged 15% to 20%. Emory milkvetch collected from the infested area contained miserotoxin measured as 5 to 9 mg of NO2/g of plant (dry weight). Chicks fed extracts of Emory milkvetch showed toxic signs when fed one dose as 300 mg of NO2/kg of body weight, and died within 5 to 8 hours when fed milkvetch as 400 mg of NO2/kg. A sheep fed Emory milkvetch for 7 days in the form of 38 mg of NO2/kg/day developed signs of nitro poisoning on the 7th day. Cattle were poisoned or died when fed Emory milkvetch as 12 to 20 mg of NO2/ig for several days. The toxic signs observed in the field and under experimental conditions were similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of feeding Oxytropis and Astragalus pollen to mice and Astragalus seeds to rats.

Pollens collected from Astragalus lentiginosus and Oxytropis sericea were fed to mice. At the end of the feeding period, uterine weights were taken to determine estrogenic activity, and tissue was collected for microscopic examination. The pollen from A lentiginosus, but not from O sericea, induced lesions similar to those of locoweed poisoning. The pollen from neither plant was estrogenic. Seeds from A lentiginosus produced toxicosis when fed to rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of milk from animals fed locoweed on kittens, calves, and lambs.

Calves, lambs, and kittens given milk from cows fed locoweeds developed microscopic lesions typical of locoweed poisoning. Serum aspartate aminotransferase activities increased markedly during the feeding period in both the cows given the locoweed and the animals receiving their milk. The results of this experiment indicate that the toxin in locoweed can be secreted in the milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Experimentally induced pine needle abortion in range cattle.

Pine needle-induced abortion in cattle is a serious problem in many areas of western United States and Canada. Field observations on pine needle abortion indicate that this condition is stress related. The results of this research indicate that the pine needle-induced abortion occurs much more readily if cows are under stress.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

Effect of feeding pine needles on ovine reproduction.

Estrous cycles were not altered in 30 mature ewes fed pine needles 11 to 13 days prior to breeding. Pregnancy and lambing rates were not affected by the feeding of pine needles. An antiestrogenic effect of pine needles on the reproductive process in ewes was not clinically detectable. There was no indication of any toxic effects on ewes consuming a 37% pine needle diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Effect of locoweed (Astragalus ientiginosus) feeding of fetal lamb development.

Locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus, was fed to pregnant ewes for various periods during gestation. The principal gross effects on the developing fetuses were observed to be delayed placentation, decreased vascularization, fetal edema and hemorrhage, and alteration of cotyledon development. Deformed lambs and undersized lambs also occurred. Data from sheep fed locoweed during various periods of the entire gestation period are summarized and indicate that locoweed poisoning in the fetus as with the adult is a chronic type of intoxication. Also, poisoning of the fetus parallels poisoning in the dam.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Effects of locoweed toxin on rats.

Rats fed pellets containing locoweed developed typical microscopic lesions of locoweed poisoning. Rats fed a water extract of locoweed or urine from sheep given locoweed also developed microscopic lesions. This indicated that the locoweed toxin is water soluble and is excreted in the urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fetal and maternal lesions in pregnant ewes ingesting locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus).

Locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) was fed to ewes from 70 to 100 days of pregnancy. Ewes were killed at 100, 115, 130, and 145 days, and selected tissues were collected from both the dam and the fetus for histologic examination. Neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolation and neuroaxonal dystrophy decreased in dam and fetus with time after the feeding of locoweed was discontinued.

Animals↗