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Biomedical subjects

L Eriksen

Publications and source records attributed to L Eriksen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Ovarian actinomycosis].

A case of adnexal tumor caused by Actinomyces Israelii is reported. The patient was a 39 year-old woman admitted because of persistent fever and a palpable tumor in the right fossa. She had used an IUD for 11 years. Nine months before admission a hysterectomy had been performed due to uterine fibromyomas.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of blood cultures from cattle clinically suspected of bacterial endocarditis.

This study investigated the number of blood culture-positive cattle among 215 animals clinically suspected of having bacterial endocarditis. For animals that were necropsied, the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the diagnosis of endocarditis were calculated on the basis of the isolation of the causative bacteria from blood. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the glutaraldehyde coagulation time, total leucocyte count, per cent neutrophil granulocytes, pulse rate and duration of disease could help to discriminate endocarditis from other diseases. Among 138 animals necropsied the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of blood cultivation were 70.7 per cent, 93.8 per cent and 89.1 per cent, respectively. None of the other measurements could be used to discriminate between endocarditis and non-endocarditis cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Response to repeated inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs in pigs during the fattening period. II. Specific IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Experimental trickle inoculations of pigs with low doses (2 x 25 eggs/week) and high doses (2 x 500 eggs/week) of Ascaris suum were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) during a 14-week period. Three antigens were employed for coating: hatching fluid of embryonated eggs, excretory/secretory antigens from in vitro-cultivated infective larvae (L2/L3-ES), and adult body fluid. Seroconversion times (week 2 for the high-dose group and week 4 for the low-dose group) were essentially identical for the three antigens. The assay employing L2/L3-ES, however, produced significantly higher readings. Specific serum antibody in the IgA and IgG classes showed very similar time courses in both groups. A weak and transient, specific IgM response was recorded in the high-dose group. Mean ELISA responses to L2/L3-ES did not differ significantly between the groups at the termination of the experiment. Specific antibody correlated weakly with the number of liver milk spots recorded at slaughter.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in mucosal secretions and sera of infected pigs as demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Mucosal and serum antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 were demonstrable in an ELISA which used whole bacterial cells as antigen. Following experimental infection of pigs with A pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, specific antibodies against the bacteria were demonstrated in saliva and fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. There was a good correlation between the IgA antibody titre in this fluid and serum. As a result of natural infection, IgA antibodies were also demonstrable in the saliva at an early stage of infection when no serum antibodies were detectable. Later in the infection, when antibodies were present in the serum, salivary IgA antibodies were undetectable. The data suggest that the mucosal IgA antibody response arises before the systemic response. Measuring mucosal antibodies in saliva or nasal or bronchoalveolar fluid might therefore open the possibility of identifying pigs infected with A pleuropneumoniae at an early stage of infection.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1993

Protective immunity following immunisation of pigs with aerosol of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2.

To introduce antigen to the respiratory mucosa, killed Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with quil A as adjuvant was administered to pigs as an aerosol. Immunisation by this aerosol induced a marked IgA response in the bronchoalveolar and nasal fluids, and in the serum. Following challenge with live bacteria two weeks after the last exposure to the aerosol, the immunised pigs were protected from the severe pleuropneumonia which developed in non-immunised pigs. The immunised pigs had lower antibody titres in the mucosal fluids and serum after exposure to the challenge. The immune response after experimental infection of non-immunised animals was a weak IgA antibody response in the bronchoalveolar and nasal fluids, whereas the systemic immune response after challenge included both IgA and IgG antibodies.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1992

Interaction between Ascaris suum and Pasteurella multocida in the lungs of mice.

In an experiment including 8 groups of 15 mice, the effect of migrating Ascaris suum larvae in the lungs on the establishment and pathogenicity of aerosol exposure to Pasteurella multocida was investigated. Following aerosol exposure to P. multocida, mice with migrating A. suum in their lungs developed more severe pneumonia and septicaemia than did parasite-free mice. The parasite-induced effect on bacterial pathogenicity was more marked for a non-toxin-producing P. multocida as compared with a toxin-producing strain of P. multocida, possibly due to the higher spontaneous pathogenicity of the non-toxigenic strain of P. multocida. The present results should encourage controlled experiments on possible interactions between A. suum and various airborne microbial infections in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Response to repeated inoculations with Ascaris suum eggs in pigs during the fattening period. I. Studies on worm population kinetics.

This experimental study on pigs was designed to simulate natural, long-term exposure to Ascaris suum under modern management conditions. Parasite kinetics were followed in pigs receiving A. suum eggs as repeated trickle inoculations at two dose levels beginning at a body weight of 25 kg until their slaughter at 90 kg (baconers). In pigs inoculated twice weekly with 500 eggs, there was an initial marked rise in the numbers of hepatic milk spots, but as early as around week 6 after the start of inoculations and until week 16, at which time the last pigs were slaughtered, the numbers of spots diminished drastically. In pigs receiving only 25 eggs twice weekly, low and moderately fluctuating numbers of spots were seen throughout the experiment. Larvae recoverable from the livers and lungs were observed mainly during the beginning of the experiment. Before patency, immature intestinal worms were found in moderate numbers that showed a rough positive correlation with the dose levels, but at the time at which adult worms started to appear, immature parasites could practically no longer be found. In all, only 10 of 40 pigs harbored adults, and 4 of these 10 pigs harbored 80% of the total worm population. The results show that acquired dose-dependent host responses to A. suum play an important role in regulating the worm population along the migratory route of the parasite and that the final burden of worms in the small intestine is dose-dependent and highly variable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Resistance to Ascaris suum in parasite naïve and naturally exposed growers, finishers and sows.

Commercially reared growers, finishers, and sows of Danish Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred were inoculated orally with Ascaris suum at 50 eggs kg-1 body weight. White spots on the serosal surface of livers and total larval recoveries from lungs were recorded 7 days later. The response in pigs originating from a specific pathogen free and parasite free herd (parasite naïve) was observed in the three different age groups and compared with age-matched pigs from a herd maintained in a facility contaminated with A. suum (naturally exposed). The pre-inoculation immune status of the various groups was characterized serologically using antigen preparations derived from various stages of A. suum. Inoculation of all age groups of parasite naïve pigs with A. suum eggs produced relatively high liver white spots and lung larvae, although expression of these counts as a percentage of the inoculum showed a moderate age-related resistance from growers to finishers to sows. In contrast, pigs naturally exposed to A. suum expressed strong immunity to a challenge infection as few or no larvae were detected in the lungs. In addition, growers, finishers, and sows from the naturally exposed herd had significantly higher levels of serum IgG/IgA to several different A. suum antigens compared with pigs from the parasite nave herd. Liver white spots, expressed as a percentage of the inoculum, were highest in growers from the naturally exposed herd but were markedly reduced in finishers and sows from that herd. In fact, few or no white spots were observed in naturally exposed sows, while sows from the parasite-naïve herd had in excess of 300 liver white spots following challenge. These results indicate that commercially raised pigs that are exposed to A. suum develop a strong protective immunity that ultimately produces a complete pre-hepatic barrier to larval migration, while pigs raised parasite free remain susceptible to infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic tests for Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs. A comparative study of ELISA for specific antibody and histamine release from blood cells in experimental infections.

A study on the histamine release test (HR) for the demonstration of infections with Trichinella spiralis in pigs was carried out on 18 pigs, six infected with 200 larvae, six infected with 5000 larvae and six non-infected (control group). The results obtained by HR during a 7 week infection were compared with those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All inoculated pigs were found to be positive on Day 40 post-inoculation (p.i.) by necropsy examination of selected muscle groups, with mean recoveries of 7.9 and 225 larvae g-1 of tissue in the low- and high-dose group, respectively. At this time, all animals of the high-dose group and five out of six animals of the low-dose group were antibody positive in ELISA with any of three coating antigens employed (a crude muscle larva extract, an excretory/secretory (ES) antigen and a purified 45 kDa antigen). HR performed on whole blood was positive in four out of six pigs of the high-dose group and one out of six pigs of the low-dose group. The earliest ELISA seroconversions took place at Day 15 p.i. with crude and ES antigens. The earliest measurable reaction in HR performed on whole blood was found on Day 19 p.i. There was considerable individual variation regarding which test was the most sensitive for the early detection of infection. Washing of the blood cells prior to antigen provocation led to a markedly improved sensitivity of HR, all animals of the high-dose and three out of six animals of the low-dose group being positive by Day 40 p.i. The time course of the development of ELISA titres and HR reactivity indicated that this effect is due to the removal of blocking antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Follow-up of alcoholics. Inpatients at the Solhaugen Rehabilitation Center in 1985 and 1986].

In this follow-up study 76 inpatient alcoholics who had stayed at a Treatment Centre for Alcoholism for at least 12 weeks were invited to participate. Five had died, seven were not found, and the remaining 64 were interviewed nine to 30 months after discharge. Laboratory tests for liver functioning were also obtained. Only one reported total abstinence, but 30 clients (47%) reported less drinking. Most of them had a better social and economic situation than before the period of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Attempted suicide among adolescents--therapeutic possibilities in general practice and health and social services institutions].

The object of this investigation is to assess the incidence of suicide and attempted suicide in children and young adults (less than 25 years) and to describe the therapeutic possibilities available for young people with suicidal behaviour in the social and health sectors. The investigations consisted partly of interviews with representatives for the leaders for the institutions who accept persons with threatened suicide in the Municipality of Copenhagen and partly by a questionnaire sent to all general practitioners in the Municipality of Copenhagen (percentage of replies 67, n = 215). These investigations revealed that about half of all the doctors had been in contact with a young person with threatened suicide and that casualty departments and the social institutions admit approximately one threatened suicide per week. There are no taboos which prevent doctors from working with suicidal thoughts but only half feel competent to cope with these young people alone. Simultaneously, half of the doctors find that their possibilities for referring persons in crisis are unsatisfactory. They refer these cases primarily to their own profession. In the Municipality of Copenhagen, only the social sector can offer genuine help to young people in crisis although the supply cannot meet the needs to any extent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Embryonation and infectivity of Ascaris suum eggs. A comparison of eggs collected from worm uteri with eggs isolated from pig faeces.

Ascaris suum eggs were collected from pig faeces or dissected from worms obtained from the same pigs. Eggs from the two sources were allowed to embryonate in 0.1 N H2SO4, in 1% buffered formalin or in tap water. The embryonation of the sulphuric acid and water cultures occurred at the same speed, while the formalin cultures developed slightly more slowly. By experimental inoculation of helminth-free pigs and subsequent counting of white spots in the livers and larvae in the lungs day 7 p.i., the infectivity of eggs dissected from worm uteri and embryonated in sulphuric acid (a normal laboratory procedure) was compared with that of eggs collected from faeces and embryonated in water (i.e. more naturally developed eggs). The results suggest that the two types of eggs were equally infective. For this reason the common practice of using Ascaris eggs dissected from worms for experimental infections might be acceptable.

Animals↗