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Biomedical subjects

L E Wold

Publications and source records attributed to L E Wold.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Localization of the B and M polypeptide subunits of creatine kinase in normal and neoplastic human tissues by an immunoperoxidase technic.

Measurements of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in serum may be useful in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients who have some types of cancer, and the distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes in homogenates of certain sarcomas has been evaluated as an aid in the morphologic diagnosis of these neoplasms. The cellular distribution of the B and M polypeptide subunits of creatine kinase in normal and neoplastic tissues were evaluated by an immunoperoxidase technic to determine whether the BB isoenzyme is present in neoplastic epithelial cells and whether immunoperoxidase stains for these polypeptides are useful in microscopic diagnosis. The results indicated that the B polypeptide is distributed very widely in epithelial cells and that normal and neoplastic ductal epithelia from many tissues contain the BB isoenzyme. Normal and neoplastic acinar epithelia contained varying amounts of the B polypeptide, but usually less than ductal epithelia of the same tissues. Large amounts of the B polypeptide were found in tissue sections from malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and of the M polypeptide in sections from an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Colorimetric vs liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid.

The popular colorimetric assay for urinary 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid based on the reaction with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol has been criticized for lack of specificity. Goldenberg (Clin. Chem. 19: 38-44, 1973) proposed a modification of this method, in which 2-mercaptoethanol is used to discharge unwanted chromophores. We compared results by both the unmodified and modified colorimetric methods with those by a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method, with fluorometric detection. Agreement among all three assays was excellent in the range of 50 to 600 mg/24 h, but there were considerable differences in the range 0 to 30 mg/24 h between results by the unmodified colorimetric assay and the other two. In this range, results by the modified assay (y) correlated well with those by the chromatographic method (x), although the values were slightly lower (y = 0.85x + 0.11, r = 0.9303). Using the modified colorimetric assay to analyze 40 normal specimens, we defined a normal range of 0 to 6 mg/24 h). We recommend the modified colorimetric assay for use in the high-volume laboratory and either this assay or the liquid-chromatographic method for the smaller laboratory.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1981

Scanning electron microscopy of intracardiac myxoma.

Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study the surface morphology of intracardiac myxomas and to compare it with that of an atrial thrombus. The thrombus was only partially endothelialized, whereas myxomas were almost always completely covered by endothelial cells. Endothelium-lined crevices and clefts were a striking feature of the myxoma, and they were not seen in the atrial thrombus. In areas where the surface endothelium was denuded, fibrin and platelet aggregates were noted in both the myxoma and the thrombus.

Heart Atria↗
PubMed1980

Massive antigenemia during disseminated cryptococcosis.

Three cases of disseminated cryptococcosis associated with massive levels of cryptococcal antigen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid are presented. These patients had antigen titers of at least 1:32,768. Titers of this magnitude have not previously been reported.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of ovariectomy on ventricular myocyte contraction in simulated diabetes.

We studied the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on cardiac contraction in myocytes maintained under a 'diabetes-simulated high-glucose' environment. Female rats were ovariectomized or sham operated (SHAM) and kept for 6 weeks. Isolated myocytes were maintained in a diabetes-simulated high [glucose] medium (HG; 25.5 mM) for 24 h before mechanical properties were measured. Contractile indices analyzed included peak shortening (PS), time to PS (TPS), time to 90% relengthening (TR90), maximal velocity of shortening and relengthening (+/- dL/dt), intracellular Ca2+ fura-2 fluorescence intensity and decay rate (tau). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was also evaluated. OVX myocytes displayed a longer TR(90), slower +/- dL/dt, lower fluorescence intensity and higher tau (slower decay rate) when compared to SHAM myocytes. In the SHAM group, HG exerted diabetes-like contractile dysfunctions, including depressed PS, prolonged TR90, reduced fluorescence intensity, higher tau and enhanced NOS activity when compared to myocytes maintained in low [glucose] medium (5.5 mM). Interestingly, the HG- induced mechanical alterations were significantly exaggerated (TPS, TR90 and tau), reversed (PS and NOS) or lost (+/- dL/dt and fluorescence intensity) in the OVX group. These data suggest that ovarian hormones play a role in the regulation of cardiac contractile function, and may have potentially protective effects against diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic gastric vagotomy: a feasibility study using laser in dogs.

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of an endoscopic approach to gastric vagotomy using the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in dogs. Based on gross and histologic measurements, target zones for endoscopic vagotomy were defined with reference to mucosal side landmarks. Target zones containing the unbranched segments of the major intramural vagal branches were linear and symmetrically located anterior and posterior to the midline of the lesser curvature extending from the level of the esophagogastric junction to the proximal antral border. Because of minimal variability between dogs, this zone could be accessed endoscopically and reliably injured. Unfortunately, it was necessary to produce a nearly full thickness burn to interrupt the deep intramural vagal branches. Despite efforts to control dosimetry, delayed perforations occurred in three of four dogs. We conclude that endoscopic gastric vagotomy using the Nd:YAG laser is not feasible in the dog model because of difficulty controlling the depth of thermal injury. An endoscopic approach to vagotomy remains conceptually appealing because of the predictable location of and accessibility to a target zone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic and neurologic effects of an intravenous medium-chain triglyceride emulsion.

These studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship between medium-chain fatty acid availability, medium-chain fatty acid oxidation, and central nervous system toxicity during infusion of medium-chain triglycerides in dogs. Six dogs received a sequential, stepwise infusion of trioctanoin at three different rates for 80 min each, providing calories below and equal to resting energy expenditure in the species. Ketone body production rates (using a 14C beta-hydroxybutyrate tracer) and plasma concentrations of lactate and octanoate were monitored. Three animals were infused with saline to serve as controls. Blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed with Evans blue dye, and brain samples were taken at the end of the study to quantify brain water. Three animals were studied under anesthesia to obtain good quality EEG and intracranial pressure measurements. Results were (1) plasma octanoate increased to 0.37 +/- 0.13, 0.78 +/- 0.2, and 1.44 +/- 0.41 mmol/liter during the three infusion intervals; (2) emesis, somnolence, and coma were observed at the two highest trioctanoin rates; (3) ketone body concentrations and production increased from 102 +/- 15 to 859 +/- 54 mumol/liter and 3.6 +/- 0.43 to 18.5 +/- 1.7 mumol/kg/min, respectively, at the highest trioctanoin infusion rate; and (4) plasma lactate also increased from 1.3 +/- 0.1 to 4.3 +/- 0.9 mmol/liter at the highest infusion rate. EEG changes were also observed, consisting of high amplitude slowing and reduction in amplitude of faster components. There was no extravasation of Evans blue dye, nor change in brain water or intracranial pressure. The conclusion--medium-chain triglycerides have significant dose-related central nervous system toxicity in dogs. Therefore, caution should be exercised in clinical studies with MCTs, including careful measurement of medium-chain fatty acid concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopic histopathology of chronic refractory lateral epicondylitis.

The histopathologic features from 11 patients who were treated surgically for lateral epicondylitis were graded and compared to similar tissue from 12 cadaveric specimens. All studies were done by a single pathologist who had no knowledge of the origin of the specimen. The surgical specimens were interpreted as abnormal in all 11 specimens, and all 12 of the control specimens were reported as being without histologic abnormality. Vascular proliferation was present in 10 of 11 and focal hyaline degeneration was recorded in all 11 of the surgical specimens. Neither feature was present in any of the control material (P < 0.001). These data suggest that chronic refractory lateral epicondylitis requiring surgery is a degenerative rather than inflammatory process. This may account for the lack of response to rest and antiinflammatory medication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoperoxidase staining of fine needle aspiration specimens previously stained by the Papanicolaou technique.

The use of immunoperoxidase techniques was investigated in 21 fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology smears that had been previously stained by the Papanicolaou technique. The retrospectively selected slides were destained before applying the immunostain, utilizing antisera to calcitonin, prostatic acid phosphatase (PrAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alpha-lactalbumin (AL), S-100 protein (S-100), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), common leukocyte antigen (LA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Positive results were obtained with six of nine small-cell carcinomas of the lung stained with EMA, all three colonic carcinomas stained with CEA, one of two prostatic carcinomas stained with PSA and PrAP, one of two lymphomas stained with LA and the one medullary thyroid carcinoma stained with calcitonin. Negative staining results were observed in the one melanoma stained with S-100, the two breast carcinomas stained with AL and the one hepatocellular carcinoma stained with AFP. These results indicate that immunostaining can be a helpful diagnostic tool in diagnosing some fine needle aspirates using smears previously stained with the Papanicolaou stain.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy. Review of 233 cases.

In 233 cases in which transthoracic needle aspiration was done at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 through 1983, the cytology slides, tissue fragments and patient histories were reviewed; the original and review diagnoses were compared and correlated with the subsequent clinical course. In most cases, the procedure was performed with an 18-gauge needle under fluoroscopic guidance, primarily in cases with suspected malignant masses that were considered to be not surgically resectable. In 70% of the cases, there was a history of malignancy, and 82% of the malignant lesions were of extrapulmonary origin. Correlation of the original diagnosis with the clinical course yielded 70% (164 cases) true positives, 6% (14 cases) true negatives, 16% (37 cases) false negatives, 0% false positives and 8% (18 cases) indeterminants. In none of the false-negative cases was the slide subsequently read as positive in a blind review. Of the true-positive cases, 12% had positive tissue fragments only, 37% had positive cytology smears only, and 51% had both positive smears and fragments. In 32% of the cases, there were radiologically demonstrable pneumothoraces, and in 12%, placement of a chest tube was required. Hemoptysis occurred in less than 5% of the cases. In summary, transthoracic needle biopsy provides an efficient way to accurately obtain diagnostic tissue, with acceptable minor complications.

Adult↗