Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L E Smith

Publications and source records attributed to L E Smith.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. What are your options?

Treatments for symptomatic internal hemorrhoids are many; in general, the method is designed to fit the severity of prolapse. Stool softeners work well for first- and second-degree hemorrhoids. Rubberband ligation, which is an easy and inexpensive office procedure, is used to treat second-degree hemorrhoids, and surgery is often necessary for third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. Other methods include sclerotherapy, dilation of the anus, sphincterotomy, and infrared photocoagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Paraphenylenediamine: a new method for tracing human visual pathways.

Morphologic investigations of the human visual pathways have been limited by the infeasibility of modern neuroanatomical approaches. Although contemporary methods for tracing axon pathways (such as tracer injections and electrophysiology) have elucidated the visual system in experimental animals, these techniques cannot be similarly applied in humans. Thus, the present view of the neuroanatomy of the human visual system is based largely on experimental animal studies, classical simple observations of gross human brains, and clinical inference. We demonstrate use of the stain, paraphenylenediamine (PPD), in conjunction with standard methods of tissue preparation for transmission electron microscopy. Osmium precipitates on degenerating neural processes, resulting in a dark profile when examined by electron microscopy. PPD chelates the osmium in osmium tetroxide-fixed tissue, and thus becomes a light-opaque marker of degenerating processes. This technique allows the identification and tracing of degenerating or degenerated axons. Postmortem studies of six patients, four with documented optic nerve lesions, are presented. The degenerated retinal ganglion nerve fibers are followed with PPD and confirmed with electron microscopy. Previously proposed, primary visual projections are confirmed and new retinofugal pathways are demonstrated in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains.

A test for the immunogenicity of influenza viruses is described, which is based upon the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice. This test is more sensitive than an antigen extinction procedure, in which immunogenicity is measured according to the dose required to induce the formation of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. The clearance test has been used to demonstrate that a) influenza A/Northern Territory/60/68 virus is a better immunogen than A/Victoria/3/75 and both are probably superior to A/U.S.S.R./92/77; b) for A/Northern Territory/60/68, vaccination by the intranasal route in 25 g mice is at least 43,600 times more efficient than by the intraperitoneal route and c) common immunogenic relationships exist between various H3N2 viruses and an H1N1 strain.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

The ultrasound spectrum of prune-belly syndrome.

The sonographic features of prune-belly syndrome are illustrated and described, corresponding to a classification based on clinical and radiographic findings. The severity of urinary tract involvement determines to which group a given patient is assigned. In group I, the kidneys are dysplastic, with no appreciable surrounding renal parenchyma. In group II, there is marked dilatation of the ureter and mild dilatation or no dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. In group III, the involvement is milder, ranging from the sonographic findings typical of group II to those of normal-appearing urinary tract.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

A murine model for assessment of living attenuated influenza A vaccines.

The laboratory mouse was evaluated as a model to assess the genetic stability of influenza A mutants of potential use as living vaccine strains. The growth of three mutant recombinants, A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1E (H3N2), A/HK/123/77x-ts-1A2 (H1N1) and A2/AA/6/60-ca(H2N2) was studied in 15 g mice. Yields of ts-1E from both lungs and turbinates were ten-fold less than that of a control virus with the same surface antigens. All ts-1E isolates showed evidence of loss of ts phenotype. Ts-1A2 and ca recombinants grew to a much lower titre than those of ts-1E, and revertants were obtained from one ts-1A2 lung isolate and one ca turbinate isolate. In other studies with hamsters, the stability of the ts character of these mutants during replication in the lungs of hamsters has been shown to be correlated with their residual virulence for man (Murphy et al., 1972; Murphy et al., 1974; Richman et al., 1977). The results from the present study suggest that the laboratory mouse is at least as sensitive as the hamster as an in vitro model for the detection of ts revertants.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Osteopathia striata syndrome. Clinical, genetic and radiologic considerations.

Osteopathia striata, an autosomal dominant disorder, has been diagnosed in a 19-year-old mildly retarded woman. In addition, she has macrocephaly, a leonine facies, disfigurement of the lower jaw, a cleft palate and mixed hearing loss. Roentgenograms of the skull and long bones show thickening of the calvarium, particularly at the base, mandibular hyperplasia, and striations in the long bones and pelvis. Except for the cleft palate, which has not been previously reported, and the retardation, which appears to be quite uncommon in this condition, these findings are characteristic of osteopathia striata. Because the disorder may resemble several other conditions, the differential diagnosis should include osteopoikilosis, the autosomal dominant form of osteopetrosis, and hyperostosis corticalis generalisata.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric patient.

In the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux, no one diagnostic test is sufficiently reliable to use alone in the determination and evaluation of significant gastroesophageal reflux. When two or more studies are positive, then significant gastroesophageal reflux is present. Both the barium examination and the Tuttle test had a higher percentage of positive studies, than did the manometric examination. In those patients who do not respond to medical management, surgery provided a significant cure rate, with no mortality in the group examined and an extremely low rate of morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Loaiasis (Loa loa) in an African student in Indiana.

Loaiasis was seen in an African student in Indiana, who had non-specific complaints, leukocyte count of 8,400/mm3, a 47% eosinophilia, and a high Loa loa microfilaremia. Successful treatment with diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan) produced no allergic manifestations and no reactions to the adult parasites were evident.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Obstruction of the airways by the heart and pulmonary vessels in infants.

It is well known that certain cardiovascular abnormalities, frequently compress the airways in infants [1]. Two additional cardiac mechanisms of airway obstruction are described in this paper: progressive compression of the bronchial tree by left sided cardiac enlargement and infantile cardiac asthma due to compression of the small airways by pulmonary venous congestion. Functional and reversible collapse of the trachea is a frequent finding in cardiac asthma. Infants with these entities often appear to have primary pulmonary disease when in fact the underlying cause of their distress is cardiac in origin.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1977

Radiotracer techniques for protein adsorption measurements.

Factors which contribute to measurement errors associated with the use of radiotracers to measure protein adsorption are considered. Techniques for removal of excess adsorbent solution and for estimation of surface area are described. Artifacts induced by the incorporation of a radio-label both by specific adsorption of the labeling atom and by changes in the protein are discussed.

Adsorption↗