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Biomedical subjects

L E Derchi

Publications and source records attributed to L E Derchi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Myelolipoma of the adrenal gland: sonographic and CT features.

The radiologic findings in 13 patients with pathologically proved adrenal myelolipomas were reviewed. All lesions involved the right adrenal gland; they ranged from 2 to 9 cm in diameter. Sonograms showed hyperechoic tumors in 11 cases (five homogeneous, six heterogeneous). Two myelolipomas composed primarily of myeloid tissue were hypoechoic. A propagation speed artifact was seen in seven lesions, all of which were composed primarily of fat and larger than 4 cm. CT identified fat-density tissues in all lesions. Contrast-enhanced CT showed positive attenuation values in the two predominantly myeloid tumors. CT appears to be sensitive for the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipomas. However, precontrast images are required to avoid errors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Appendices epiploicae of the large bowel. Sonographic appearance and differentiation from peritoneal seeding.

Solid hyperechogenic nodules of different sizes and shapes surrounded by ascitic fluid were seen growing from the peritoneal surface of the large bowel in three patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic liver cirrhosis; they were spaced at regular intervals along the course of the colon. The same images were visible during in vitro examination of two surgical specimens of the large bowel and corresponded to appendices epiploicae of different sizes. The appendices epiploicae can be identified by sonography only when surrounded by fluid; their shape may be similar to that of peritoneal tumors. Careful analysis of both the relationships of the appendices epiploicae with the outer surface of the large bowel and of their regular spacing along the course of the colon itself may help to avoid possible misinterpretations.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Normal anatomy and pathologic changes of the small bowel mesentery: US appearance.

The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of the normal small bowel mesenteric leaves was evaluated in two in vitro studies and in 30 patients. Such structures had an elongated shape, echogenic surfaces, and small vessels in their center and could be recognized in 28 of the 30 patients. They did not show active movements, and at their distal end, the small bowel loops could be seen and peristalsis detected. Doppler signals were obtained from the small vascular structures in their center in three additional cases. On the basis of these anatomic findings, pathologic changes such as lymphoma, desmoid tumor, metastatic lesions, dilated vessels, and edema could be detected in 15 patients. When examining with US patients with diseases prone to involve the mesentery, careful attention should be given to this structure, since useful information about the abdominal spread of the disease can be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of bowel lesions under ultrasound guidance: indications and results.

Twenty-four patients with bowel lesions that could be imaged on a sonogram underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Indications for biopsy included: poor condition of the patient precluding the use of barium studies and/or endoscopy (9 cases) or hindering technically adequate examinations (3); nonspecific radiographic images (6); inability to obtain an adequate biopsy sample during endoscopy (6). The results of biopsy were correct in the 18 cases proven by surgery or autopsy; in the remaining 6 patients, histologic results were considered conclusive, and were later confirmed by clinical, radiographic, and ultrasound follow-up. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be considered a simple, rapid, and accurate diagnostic procedure when an alternative approach to the study of gastrointestinal tract lesions is needed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonography of the normal adrenal glands: a study using linear-array real-time equipment.

The adrenal glands were evaluated in 70 normal volunteers using linear-array real-time ultrasonography. All the scanning approaches described for manual B-scanning were used and, on the left side, longitudinal scans along the axillary lines were also performed. The right adrenal gland was imaged in 68 of the 70 volunteers and the left gland in 63. The dynamic capabilities of real-time equipment were of great help for proper localisation and identification of the glands. Changes in the scanning plane demonstrated variations in the adrenal morphology, because different portions of the gland were encountered by the scanning beam.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

The sonographic appearance of duodenal lesions.

The sonographic findings in 17 patients with duodenal tumors and in one patient with a benign ulcer and stricture of the duodenum were reviewed. An abdominal mass was detected sonographically in all patients; in 15 of 18 cases, such lesions presented high-level central echoes and hypoechoic periphery. Identification of the duodenal origin of the disease was possible by sonography in only 16 of 18 patients: by evaluation of the relationship of the mass with abdominal vessels in eight patients; by demonstrating that the lesion was continuous with a normal duodenum in seven patients; or by demonstrating the mass within the duodenum itself in one patient. Signs and symptoms of duodenal tumors are usually nonspecific, and sonography can be used as the first imaging method in these cases. A careful analysis of the relationship of the tumor to surrounding structures may allow correct identification of its origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma with perinephric haemorrhage: sonographic findings.

The sonographic findings observed in four patients with spontaneous rupture of a renal angiomyolipoma and perinephric haemorrhage are presented. In all cases, a hyperechoic renal mass surrounded by a large hypoechoic haematoma was identified. Furthermore, the actual site of rupture of the tumour could be seen in one case as a wedge-shaped hypoechoic structure extending from the periphery to the centre of the mass. CT has been suggested as the method of choice in the assessment of both the presence and extent of haemorrhagic complications of angiomyolipomas. However, since such lesions can be demonstrated and identified by ultrasound, which is often used as the first imaging procedure in abdominal complaints, the technique may also prove of value in planning further diagnostic tests and in choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach to these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High-resolution sonography of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: anatomic and pathologic considerations.

During sonographic examination of the neck using high-resolution small-parts equipment, the minor neurovascular bundle may be identified in virtually all patients. Postmortem studies in three cadavers demonstrated that this structure is actually the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Furthermore, findings observed during sonographic examinations of the neck in nine patients with RLN paralysis of unknown origin were reviewed. Compression, displacement, or infiltration of the nerve from thyroid (seven cases) or parathyroid (two cases) nodules were noted, and this allowed the site and cause of the paralysis to be identified.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Sonographic appearance of fecal masses.

Fecal impaction, caused by incomplete evacuation of feces over an extended length of time, may lead to the formation of a fecaloma, a large, firm mass of stool. Sonography is commonly used as the first imaging procedure in patients presenting with abdominal masses. In the five cases cited, fecaloma was suspected by sonography in four cases; confirmation was obtained by rectal examination in three cases and by radiographic studies in two cases. A representative case report is presented of a 74-year-old woman who had a large pelvic mass detected on physical examination. Sonographically, the fecaloma had a highly echogenic surface and a posterior acoustic shadow. Radiographic examination showed a "soap bubble" appearance, suggestive of stool. Thus, fecaloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with highly reflective and shadowing abdominal and/or pelvic masses.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Metastatic tumors in the breast: sonographic findings.

The sonographic findings observed in eight patients with metastatic tumors in the breast were reviewed. Solitary breast nodules were present in four patients; multiple metastases were seen in the other four patients, with bilateral lesions in two of them. A total number of 20 breast masses was appreciated. All lesions had a round or oval shape and hypoechoic, solid echopattern, when compared with the surrounding breast parenchyma. In three patients, they presented with many small medium-level internal echoes while, in the other five patients they were almost anechoic, with only a few low-level echoes within. Regular and well-defined margins were seen in four patients; in the remaining four patients, irregular walls were seen. The posterior walls of the lesions were well defined, and great acoustic attenuation was never seen. In one case, slight acoustic enhancement was present posterior to the lesions from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Multiple masses in the same patient always had the same sonographic features. While evaluating a breast mass in a patient with a known malignancy elsewhere in the body, the absence of an acoustic shadow posterior to the lesion may allow the metastatic nature of the disease to be considered as a diagnostic possibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Polycystic ovarian disease: ultrasonic evaluation and correlations with clinical and hormonal data.

The size, shape, margins, and structure of the ovaries, as observed in 26 patients with polycystic ovarian disease were analyzed, and uterine/ovarian ratio (maximum antero-posterior diameter of uterine fundus divided for longitudinal diameter of ovary) was calculated. The maximum surface area of the organs ranged from 9.5 cm2 to 17.3 cm2 (average value 12.9 cm2). A "roundness index" (minimum diameter X 100/maximum diameter) was calculated in order to evaluate the shape: it ranged from a value of 100 in perfectly rounded ovaries to a value of 54 in ovaries of oval shape. The ovarian structure was characterized by many small cysts of the same dimensions in 19 cases; in two patients there was a predominant cyst; in five cases it appeared as many thick echoes arranged along parallel lines. The uterine/ovarian ratio was always equal to or less than 1. Correlation tests for size, shape of the ovaries, patient's age, and duration of symptoms were highly significant. This leads one to suppose that both of these ultrasonic findings are a function of the duration of the disease and that polycystic ovarian disease, once established, is the cause of progressive enlargement of these organs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The sonographic appearances of gastric lymphoma.

The sonographic images obtained from 17 patients with gastric lymphoma were reviewed. In 15/17 cases the tumor presented as an abdominal mass, either with a "target-like" pattern or with a solid, homogeneous structure; in the remaining two cases only thickening of portions of the gastric wall was seen. Two features that may help to differentiate lymphoma from other gastric diseases were observed in patients of this series. In eight cases thickened mucosal folds could be identified within the gastric mass, outlined by strong luminal echoes arranged like the spokes of a wheel. A hypoechoic appearance of hte infiltrated gastric wall was seen in 13/17 cases; it was less echogenic than the adjacent liver parenchyma and, often, it was almost echo-free. Sonography is often used as the first imaging method in cases of patients with abdominal complaints and clinically unsuspected tumors of the stomach may be visualized first by it. In such cases, identification of these features within a gastric mass may allow sonography to suggest the lymphomatous nature of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic diagnosis of urethral polyp in a child.

Congenital urethral polyps are an uncommon cause of urethral obstruction in male children. The diagnosis is obtained at voiding cystography by demonstrating a filling defect which (typically) moves during micturition. A small polypoid mass with a stalk arising from the region of the verumontanum was observed by sonography in one such patient. We believe sonographic findings may be considered specific of this condition.

Child↗