Biomedical subjects

L E Bell

Publications and source records attributed to L E Bell.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1990

Immunization mall programs.

This descriptive survey provided the Health Department and its CHNs with data heretofore unexamined. The survey provided a beginning analysis and description of three major areas which assisted the County Health Department in establishing vital base line information regarding: (a) where people usually went for immunizations, (b) how they heard about the mall program, and (c) whether they would return to future mall programs. Recommendations from the survey demonstrate the need for the county health department and CHNs to increase the number and length of programs and to meet client demand. The survey has implications for all public health departments and CHNs as they examine the most cost effective strategies to promote and provide immunizations for vaccine preventable disease to clients of all ages.

Commerce↗

PubMed1988

One-year follow-up of weight, total body potassium, and total body nitrogen in obese adolescents treated with the protein-sparing modified fast.

Seventeen obese adolescents were treated with the protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet, for approximately 3 mo and then followed for a total of 12 mo. The diet provided a mean of 880 kcal.kg-1. d-1 and 2.5 g protein. kg IBW-1. d-1. Body composition was determined using four skinfold measurements, total body potassium (TBK), and total body nitrogen (TBN) at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo. Twelve subjects returned for follow-up at 1 y (71%) and 48% had sustained weight loss with the percentage ideal body weight for height decreased from 154 to 125 over the year. Six subjects had TBK and TBN measured and TBK decreased 13.0% and TBN decreased 14.3% over the year. This reflected a change toward normalization of the predicted TBK from 121 to 102% and TBN from 119 to 102%.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Effect of halothane-oxygen anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics of diazepam and its metabolites in rats.

Inhalation anesthetics have been shown to substantially diminish the clearance of several drugs eliminated by hepatic routes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of halothane-oxygen anesthesia on the hepatic metabolism of diazepam and its proximate metabolites in anesthetized rats whose physiologic status was monitored and maintained. The portal vein, femoral artery and bile duct of male Sprague-Dawley rats 370 to 395 g, were cannulated under pentobarbital anesthesia. After a 2-hr recovery period, [14C]diazepam was administered in to the portal vein as a 0.25-mg/kg bolus followed immediately by a 0.25-mg/kg/hr infusion by the same route. After the attainment of steady state, the halothane group (seven rats) received 1% halothane in oxygen whereas the control group (six rats) continued to breathe room air. The diazepam infusion was maintained for an additional 3 hr. Concentrations of diazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam, 4-hydroxyphenyldiazepam and 3-hydroxydiazepam were determined in plasma; these metabolites as well as oxazepam and N-desmethyl-4-hydroxyphenyldiazepam were also determined in bile. Radioactivity in bile was approximately 98% conjugated; radioactivity in plasma was approximately 30% conjugated. Halothane anesthesia caused an increase in the concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites in plasma, but the steady-state ratios of the concentration of the individual metabolites in plasma to diazepam concentration were not changed. The intrinsic clearance of diazepam was decreased by 42%, P less than .01, and the ratio of formation to elimination clearance of the metabolites measured in plasma was not changed. Halothane anesthesia also decreased the excretion rate of 14C into bile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1984

Caudal anesthesia with lidocaine or bupivacaine: plasma local anesthetic concentration and extent of sensory spread in old and young patients.

Continuous caudal peridural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine (6 mg/kg) or 0.75% bupivacaine (2.2 mg/kg), both with epinephrine 1:200,000, was studied in two groups of male patients, younger than 40 or older than 55 yr old, respectively. Patients receiving lidocaine in the younger group (n = 6) were 32 +/- 5.2 (mean +/- SD) yr old and weighed 75 +/- 12 kg, while those in the older group (n = 16) were 66 +/- 5.3 yr old and weighed 72 +/- 8.2 kg. Patients receiving bupivacaine in the respective groups were 27 +/- 7.0 yr old (n = 5), and 76 +/- 10 kg compared to 69 +/- 10 yr (n = 14) and 75 +/- 10 kg. Anesthesia was satisfactory in all patients. Extent of sensory anesthesia, peak plasma lidocaine or bupivacaine concentrations, and area under the plasma concentration-time curves were independent of age. No local anesthetic toxicity was observed and peak drug concentrations were below those commonly associated with toxicity.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Selective inhibition of initial polyadenylation in isolated nuclei by low levels of cordycepin 5"-triphosphate.

The effect of cordycepin 5'-triphosphate on poly(A) synthesis was investigated in isolated rat hepatic nuclei. Nuclei were incubated in the absence and presence of exogenous primer in order to distinguish the chromatin-associated poly(A) polymerase from the "free" enzyme (Jacob, S.T., Roe, F.J. and Rose, K.M. (1976) Biochem. J. 153, 733--735). The chromatin-bound enzyme, which adds adenylate residues onto the endogenous RNA, was selectively inhibited at low concentrations of cordycepin 5'-triphosphate, 50% inhibition being achieved at 2microng/ml. At least 80 times more inhibitor was required for 50% reduction in the "free" nuclear poly(A) polymerase activity. Inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis also required higher concentrations of the nucleotide analogue. These data not only offer a mechanism for the selective inhibition of initial polyadenylation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA in vivo by cordycepin, but also provide a satisfactory explanation for the indiscriminate effect of the inhibitor on partially purified or "free" poly(A) and RNA polymerases.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1975

The influence of age on the distribution, metabolism and excretion of methoxyflurane in Fischer 344 rats: a possible relationship to nephrotoxicity.

Age as a factor in methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity was evaluated in Fischer 344 rats of various ages by determination of: 1) serum inorganic fluoride and methoxyflurane concentrations, and urinary inorganic fluoride excretion in methoxyflurane-exposed rats; 2) liver microsomal methoxyflurane defluorinase activity; and 3) distribution of injected sodium fluoride. Only rats in the youngest age group (6 weeks) did not develop nephrotoxicity after anesthesia. Older rats had a biphasic rather than a monophasic decay in serum methoxyflurane concentration and also had increased serum inorganic fluoride concentration and urinary inorganic fluoride excretion. Older rats also excreted a greater proportion of an injected dose of sodium fluoride compared to young rats. Microsomal methoxyflurane defluorinase specific activity was similar among rats of all ages. It is likely that increased availability of methoxyflurane due to its greater storage in fat led to more inorganic fluoride production in older compared to younger rats. Bone sequestration of inorganic fluoride in younger rats probably accounts for decreased serum inorganic fluoride levels in that group. Both factors cause significant differences in renal exposure to inorganic fluoride; thus the risk of nephrotoxicity is less in younger animals.

Aging↗