Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L E Adams

Publications and source records attributed to L E Adams.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients.

Twenty-seven hypertensive patients (23 blacks, 4 whites) treated with hydralazine had frequent serologic evidence of autoimmunity. However, only 1 patient developed a lupus syndrome. Acetylator phenotype influenced the autoimmune response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and titers of autoantibodies. The lupus patient not only had high titers of autoantibodies but they were predominantly IgG in contrast to the predominant IgM antibodies found in other slow acetylators. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell-mediated immune responses and hydralazine antibodies were not detected. However, half the patients tested who received hydralazine had positive lymphoproliferative responses to the drug.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Prospective study of immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients.

Twenty-seven hypertensive patients (23 of whom were black) were treated with hydralazine as their major antihypertensive drug and were followed for evidence of autoimmunity and clinical systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only one patient developed SLE but many, although asymptomatic, had serologic evidence of autoimmunity: antibodies to single- and double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA), single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), histones, and lymphocytes. Acetylation phenotype profoundly influenced this response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and larger amounts of autoantibodies. Antibodies to both types of RNA were a more sensitive index of autoimmunity than antinuclear antibodies. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell-mediated immune responses. The hydralazine SLE patient had large amounts of autoantibodies that were predominantly IgG, while in the others IgM autoantibodies were predominant. No antibodies, but positive lymphoproliferative responses to hydralazine, were found in half the patients tested.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1979

Immunoregulation of Heymann's nephritis. I. Induction of suppressor cells.

Pretreatment of Lewis rats with a series of injections of a renal tubular antigen (RTA) in IFA prevented induction of Heymann's nephritis (HN) when the rats were challenged with RTA in FCA. This absence of disease was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for rat IgG and histologic examination of the kidneys as well as by lack of development of significant proteinuria. Passive transfer of spleen and lymph node cells from rats receiving such pretreatment into syngeneic recipients prevented induction of HN when these recipients were challenged with RTA in FCA. Passive transfer of serum obtained from pretreated rats was without effect. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms involved in preventing HN by this pretreatment regimen was the induction of suppressor cells. The results of spleen cell transformation indicated that the suppressor cells were specific for RTA as the immune response to a second antigen, PPD, was unaffected. When rats already had active early HN, the diseas course was unaffected by transfer of suppressor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Peripheral blood lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the phytomitogens, PHA, Con A, and PWM, was evaluated in 30 SLE patients and in 30 age, sex, and race-matched controls using dose and time responses. The proliferative response to the three phytomitogens was not depressed in this group of subacute and chronic SLE patients. Active lupus nephritis and a slow acetylator phenotype were associated with a decreased lymphocyte response. The incidence of a slow acetylator phenotype in spontaneous SLE was 68%. In interpreting the lymphocyte response to phytomitogens, the importance of a clear definition of the SLE group under study, the activity of the disease, and treatment status are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Cellular immunity to nuclear antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cellular immune repsonses were determined by skin testing and mitogen- and antigen-induced blastic transformation of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures in 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 24 normal subjects. The incidence of positive skin tests with Candida albicans, PPD (tuberculin-purified protein derivative) intermediate strength, Trichophyton and histoplasmin was not significantly different in the two groups nor was lymphocyte stimulation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M), implying that cellular immunity is normal in SLE. However, the SLE patients had a significantly increased incidence of positive skin tests and stimulated lymphocyte cultures to a number of nuclear antigens compared with normal subjects. No correlation could be made between the test results and the activity of the SLE at the time of study except for a significant association between lymphocyte culture stimulation by rabbit thymus native DNA and active SLE nephritis. Patients with a membranous antinuclear factor (ANF) pattern had positive skin tests with rabbit thymus native DNA and usually had active disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tap-water scald burns. Awareness is not the problem.

Review of admissions to a regional burn center showed that tap-water burns were an injury of pediatric, elderly, and neurologically impaired patients. A study was designed to measure general knowledge of tap-water injury and awareness of tap-water temperatures in homes. All those surveyed realized the potential for tap-water scald burns in their homes, and few believed that they could tolerate hot-only tap water at home for as long as 30 seconds. Respondents who had previous experience with tap-water burns had not lowered the settings of their water-heater thermostats. Economical but effective programs must be developed to encourage burn-reduction behaviors in high-risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug-related lupus. Incidence, mechanisms and clinical implications.

Adverse side effects to drugs and chemicals in which immune mechanisms may be responsible have been described in drug-related lupus (DRL). The spectrum of drugs that may elicit DRL includes such classes as the hydrazines, arylamines, and chemicals that can be metabolised to amines. The 2 major pathways of metabolism--acetylation and N-hydroxylation--are described in detail. The events leading to autoantibody production are not well understood; however, specific consideration of the genetic makeup of patients who are candidates for treatment with these drugs may help identify those at risk of developing DRL.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the lymphocyte in an immune response.

The immune system has evolved in the human being as an elaborate mechanism to distinguish itself from all else that is not self. This process serves in the defence against invaders. The cells of the immune system learn to tolerate all tissues, cells and proteins of the body. Failure to control the state of tolerance results in autoimmunity. The understanding of the role of T-cell receptors (TCR), the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), adhesion molecules and growth factors in antigen recognition has lead to the exploration of various means to modulate the immune response. Safety measures exist to prevent the immune system from attacking its host. The antigen has to be recognized by the T-cell. This involves the TCR and the MHC. In addition it must receive a second signal to become activated. The second signal involves a protein such as B7 binding with CD28. Certain specialized cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and activated B-cells can deliver this second signal for activation; receipt of only one signal can prevent activation. The elucidation of the role of cell-to-cell interactions, the adhesion molecules involved and the accessory growth factors provides modalities for selectively modifying the immune response. This would be of great relevance in autoimmunity and transplantation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of metabolically derived nitroprocainamide in the urine of procainamide-dosed humans and rats by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

The N-oxidized metabolites of the antiarrhythmic procainamide have previously been implicated as inciting agents in the autoimmune condition drug-related lupus. Although much data have been collected with respect to the in vitro behavior of these metabolites, relatively little has been accomplished in vivo because of their extreme reactivity. The determination of nitroprocainamide (NPA), a stable decomposition product of the reactive hydroxylamine and nitroso species, in the urine of rats dosed with procainamide is reported here using the sensitive and selective method of HPLC with electrochemical detection. For orally and i.v.-dosed animals, up to microgram amounts of NPA were excreted over 24 hr from an initial dose of 66-100 mg procainamide/kg body weight. Also, the apparent elimination of microgram quantities of NPA in the urine specimens of 9 of 11 patients undergoing treatment with procainamide was observed. This suggests that N-oxidation of the aromatic ring of procainamide is occurring at sufficient levels to result in the formation of significant amounts of the reactive hydroxylamine and nitroso metabolites in vivo, and may have direct implications in the diverse and widespread symptomatology associated with procainamide-induced drug-related lupus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum ribonucleotide binding activity in osteoarthritis.

Previous investigations assessing ribonucleotide binding in the sera of patients with diverse forms of connective tissue disease unexpectedly identified positive responses in control osteoarthritic subjects. The current study, using a radiolabelled assay, confirms the presence of a polyadenylic acid (Poly [A] binding factor(s) in the sera of a group of 50 well-characterized patients having primary or secondary forms of this disease process as contrasted with matched control subjects. The significance of such binding activity is unknown. No significantly meaningful correlation could be established between serum Poly (A) binding levels and clinical or x-ray parameters of disease.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mixed connective tissue disease - a subset with sequential clinical and laboratory features.

Twenty-three patients who lacked the full picture of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) initially, developed new findings or experienced regression of initial features with time. Each patient had at least 1 extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:10,000 composed exclusively of ribonucleoprotein; but variation in titer occurred in 9 and Sm antibody was transiently found in 3 patients. Four initially had other diagnoses and negative antinuclear antibody tests (ANA) before developing speckled ANAs. Eleven patients had consistently speckled ANAs. As suggested by earlier clinical observations, MCTD can change clinically and serologically. This study demonstrates the sequential development of the features of SLE, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and in addition emphasizes the serologic studies may also vary over time in these patients.

Adult↗