[Improvement of workers' health: the goal of Polish occupational medicine].
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Employment↗
Biomedical subjects
L Dawydzik
Publications and source records attributed to L Dawydzik.
[Reasons for difficulties encountered in diagnosing and certifying occupational disease reported by some regional centers of occupational medicine].
Observations about kinds of and reasons for difficulties encountered in diagnosing and certifying occupational diseases, made during the analysis of over 3,000 medical history files, were verified with the opinions of the personnel employed in the 14 selected regional centres of occupational medicine. The evaluation of the body of workers, the diagnostic basis, kinds of diagnostic and certification difficulties and their causes, the data on diagnosed occupational diseases, and appeals against certifications which negate the grounds for diagnosing occupational diseases were surveyed and the results presented. The results obtained indicate convergent causes of incorrect decisions taken by those involved in the Institute, and by directors of regional centres of occupational medicine. This provides the basis for developing measures aimed at eliminating the mistakes made in the process of diagnosing and certifying occupational diseases.
Certification↗
[Internal control of working conditions as a form of occupational health and safety management--experience of Western European countries and the situation in Poland].
Good occupational health and safety management not only protects workers from hazards and health impairment, but also contributes to the success of the enterprise as a whole. The internal control of working conditions in an enterprise, carried out by an employer, is one of the forms of occupational health and safety management implemented widely in many western countries, for example in Scandinavian countries and Ireland. This method may serve employers as an useful tool for stimulating and developing programmes aimed at improving working conditions and supporting workers' health protection against various hazards occurring in the work environment. The experience of the western countries in developing and implementing the internal control system, and the adaptation of the principles of this system to suit Polish conditions helped the authors to produce a set of general rules and guidelines addressed to employers who decide to use the method of internal control in their enterprises.
Employment↗
The present state of occupational medicine in Poland.
Occupational medicine in Poland has a long tradition, dating back to the establishment of the first health-care institutions for industrial workers at an early stage of Poland's industrialization. Legal foundations of the industrial health-care system, based on the Soviet model, were enacted in 1953. During its most dynamic period of development (1970s and 1980s) the industrial health-care system provided medical services to about 6 million workers. The process of the political and economic transition in Poland began in 1989, and since 1991 there have been numerous transformations in the structure and function of industrial health services. The present article describes the main stages of the transformation process, occupational health training, research, advisory bodies, and the system for setting of hygienic standards.
Education, Medical↗
[Section of occupational hygiene in the state sanitary inspection service--organizational situation-personnel and activities in 1993].
The authors discuss the organization, staff matters and activities of the occupational hygiene section of the Polish sanitary and epidemiological services in 1993. The analysis is based on reports produced by the Ministry of Health (form MZ-50), descriptive reports and inspections at occupational hygiene sections. The authors focused on these three components as they give rise to many problems and difficulties, particularly in regard to monitoring of working places. An attempt is also made to suggest solutions to certain problems. The need for training of persons involved in occupational hygiene as well as for developing different forms of upgrading professional qualifications among workers with secondary education is emphasized.
Environmental Monitoring↗
Present principles of workers' health care organization in Poland and directions of future changes.
The present-day legal regulations on workers' health care are far from satisfactory. The work on the modification of the occupational health service has been carried out for the last two years although the preparatory activities started much earlier. In May 1991, under the initiative of the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz, the bill on the Labor Code has been amended so that it would regulate the employer's responsibilities with respect to providing health care for workers and to participating in respective costs. These activities have overrun the more general ones pertaining to the reform of the national health service in Poland. Under conditions of the growing free market economy the previously operated organizational system of health care for workers has become out-of-date and needs immediate modification to adjust it to the new economic situation. Evidently, the trends and rate of the policy in this respect have been considerably influenced by the more general activities to make Poland associated with the European Community and hence to develop an occupational health care system which would take into consideration the principles of the Charter of Social Rights of the EEC as well as of the ILO Conventions.
Humans↗
[Necessity of changes and trends in the health care system for the workers in Poland].
Authors define current organizing conditions and work effects of the industrial health service in Poland. They indicate these elements of diagnosis which effect the poor effectiveness of this health care unit. They also discuss the tasks assigned for health service in plants which were imposed by the ILO compact No 161 in 1985, and declare prompt implementation of the tasks in Poland. Suggestions concerning health insurance operative for all economic subjects are presented. The implementation of this kind of insurance would be one of indispensable modifications in the health care system of the working population. The range of free medical services available within this insurance would include a complex of preventive measures and medical assistance in case of disasters and life-threatening circumstances.
Health Benefit Plans, Employee↗
[Assistant nurse].
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Administrative Personnel↗