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Biomedical subjects

L D Scott

Publications and source records attributed to L D Scott.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Correlation of contractions and transit in rat small intestine.

A single strain gauge was implanted chronically in the proximal jejunum of the rat to record contractions. FAsted pentobarbital-anesthetized animals received glucagon, caerulein, or isotonic saline control infusions intravenously while contractions were recorded. In control animals, the distribution of contractions in time showed clusters, with peaks at intervals of 14.24 +/-5.6 (SD) min. Glucagon produced dose-related inhibition of contractions. Caerulein at two lower doses produced a more uniform distribution of contractions in time; a higher dose caused inhibition. In other fasted rats, an isotopically labeled bolus was given through a chronically implanted duodenal cathether, and its distribution along the small intestine was examined in animals receiving the same doses of glucagon, caerulein, and saline. Glucagon caused a dose-related delay in transit. Those doses of caerulein that produced a uniform distribution of contractions accelerated transit; the dose that inhibited contractions delayed transit. Doses of glucagon and caerulein known to affect both motility and transit did not significantly affect water movement. The fasted rat resembles the fasted go in respect to the temporal distributions of jejunal contractions at a single point. Both quantitative and qualitative changes in contractions induce changes in transit.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived needs of parents of critically ill children.

PURPOSE: To identify the needs of parents of critically ill hospitalized children as perceived by the parents and critical care nurses, and to identify any differences between the two groups. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a Midwestern hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A nonprobability convenience sample of parents or primary caregivers of critically ill children (n = 21) and pediatric critical care nurses (n = 17). OUTCOME MEASURES: Critical Care Family Needs Inventory modified for pediatrics and demographic questionnaires. RESULTS: Information, assurance, and proximity to the critically ill child were identified as priority needs of the PCGs in this study. Significant differences on specific needs were identified between PCG/nurse matched pairs; however, no significant differences were found in total scores between the two groups by a two-tailed paired t test. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the need to investigate interventions to better address parental needs of critically ill children. By consistent identification, prioritization, and incorporation of parental needs into the plan of care, nurses can assist the parents in the recognition and fulfillment of needs that have less perceived importance. Research-based interventions will facilitate improved parental adaptation to their child's critical hospitalization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of advanced cardiac life support written examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the quality of 2 advanced cardiac life support written examinations and the relationship between demographic variables and test performance. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Advanced cardiac life support courses held at 4 midwestern hospitals, one outpatient surgery center, and one community college. SUBJECTS: Nonprobability sample of 367 participants. OUTCOME MEASURE: Two versions of the American Heart Association advanced cardiac life support written examinations. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients of test A and test B were 0.45 and 0.54, respectively. Discrimination and difficulty indices calculated on both tests revealed that test B questions were more difficult, with better discriminators. Prior experience, sex of participant, and profession were identified as factors influencing test performance. CONCLUSION: Although test B surpassed the performance of test A, both examinations were problematic. Additional investigation and refinement of the advanced cardiac life support tests are warranted.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The similarities and differences of endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Pelvic inflammatory disease, a common gynecologic problem with an estimated 1 million cases annually, results in serious sequelae. Endometritis, a common obstetric problem occurring in more than 15% of all pregnancies, is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Risk factors are numerous. Diagnosis is not always definitive and relies heavily on the clinical judgment of the practitioner. Prompt initiation of empiric treatment regimens, close monitoring of the client, and client education result in positive health outcomes.

Aftercare↗