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Biomedical subjects

L D Olson

Publications and source records attributed to L D Olson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Anastomoses of intestinal tract as a sequela to rectal stricture in swine.

Rectal stricture with anastomoses of colon and/or small intestine to a spherical dilatation of the descending colon proximal to the stricture was observed in six swine. In three of these swine, feces bypassed most of the colon in passage from the small intestine to the dilated colon. Rectal stricture with an anastomosis of a loop of colon to the rectal stricture was observed in one pig where feces bypassed much of the stricture.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Epizootic of concurrent cutaneous streptococcal abscesses and swinepox in a herd of swine.

Concurrent cutaneous abscesses and swinepox were observed in a herd of swine. An ungroupable hemolytic streptococcus was isolated from the abscesses. Tests indicated that streptococci isolated from different swine were similar if not identical. Swinepox lesions were observed on swine only after weaning. Lice (Haematopinus suis) were numerous on the suckling and weaned swine and appeared to be resistant to lindane. Abscesses, swinepox, and lice were eliminated after the swine were treated with an organic phosphate insecticide and antibacterial agents were added to the rations.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Determination of corticosterone concentration in plasma of turkeys using raioimmunoassay.

A method of determining corticosterone concentration in turkey plasma was developed using radioimmunoassay. Compared to fluorometric analysis and competitive protein-binding radioassay, this method had the following advantages: 1) results were consistent, 2) the method was simple and rapid to perform, 3) only 20 lambda of plasma was required, 4) all procedures were performed using the same tube except for counting, and 5) unknown and standard samples were treated identically. The coefficient of variation with the 5 ng/ml standard sample between 14 sets of assays was 12.6% and the average coefficient of variation within duplicate assays of unknown samples randomly selected from each of the 14 series was 4%. Using this method, there was an increase in the average plasma corticosterone concentration in all groups of inoculated turkeys one day after inoculation of Pasteurella multocida which was significantly (P less than .05) greater than that of the noninoculated groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The postulated role of feeder swine in the perpetuation of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

Clinical, immunofluorescence and histopathological observations were found to be an efficient approach for the confirmation of the diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder swine. Two cases are reported to exemplify how feeder swine exposed to points of concentration such as holding areas, sales barns and auctions can play an important role in the epizootiology of transmissible gastroenteritis. A third field case is reported as an example of an outbreak of transmissible gastroenteritis beginning in feeder swine and then spreading to baby pigs on the farm. All baby pigs died that were born during the acute phase of the outbreak in the feeder swine. Baby pigs born shortly after the clinical signs had abated in the herd, and from sows that had been exposed orally to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus and vaccinated with a commercial transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine ten days before farrowing, survived. This was explained by a combination of a decrease in the amount of virus shed in the environment and the immunity induced in the sows. These observations of field outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis combined with recently reported experimental studies lend strong support to the hypothesis of a reservoir for transmissible gastroenteritis virus in feeder pigs. This reservoir would be based principally on the transmission of the virus on a continuous basis from the feces of recently infected pigs to susceptible pigs. Clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis in such pigs are difficult to recognize or absent and this contributes to the importance of the reservoir in the field.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of Rofenaid and a commercial bacterin for prevention of cranial form of fowl cholera in turkeys.

Rofenaid, a potentiated sulfadimethoxine at drug concentrations of 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01% in feed, a combination of vaccination with a commercial bacterin and 0.01% potentiated sulfadimethoxine (Rofenaid), and vaccination separately, significantly (P less than 0.05) increased livability of turkeys experimentally induced with the cranial form of fowl cholera as compared to that of the nonmedicated nonvaccinated exposed turkeys. Turkeys were exposed by the administration of Pasteurella multocida (isolate 8579) in the drinking water.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of Aureomycin for prevention of arthritic, pulmonary and cranial forms of fowl cholera in turkeys.

Aureomycin fed at concentrations of 55, 110, and 220 mg./kg. of feed significantly (P less than 0.05) increased livability as compared to that of the nonmedicated exposed and increased average body wieght gained per turkey as compared to that of both the nonmedicated exposed and nonmedicated nonexposed turkeys. The increase in survival was proportional to the increase in concentration of Aureomycin in the feed. Turkeys were exposed, in the drinking water, to three isolates of Pasteurella multocida which had inclinations for localizing in the joints, lungs, and air spaces of the head. There were no carriers of P. multocida in either the medicated or nonmedicated turkeys three weeks after exposure.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of virginiamycin in feed for treatment and retreatment of swine dysentery.

Virginiamycin, fed at a concentration of 110 mg/kg of feed for 2 weeks followed by concentrations of either 27.5 or 55 mg/kg for 3 weeks, was effective in treatment and control of experimentally induced swine dysentery. However, diarrhea recurred 4 days after withdrawal of medicated feed. Subsequently, the frequency of diarrhea decreased in 3 of 4 groups retreated with virginiamycin (110 mg/kg of feed) for 5 days. Feeding of virginiamycin (110 mg/kg) for 1 week after onset of diarrhea was of little value because of the development of a more severe (augmented) form of the disease after withdrawal of medicated feed. Feeding of virginiamycin (55 mg/kg) at the time of exposure and continuing for 3 weeks (followed by intermittent retreatments of 55 mg/kg) aided in treatment and control of swine dysentery. With this regimen, a few swine developed diarrhea during initial medication, but all developed diarrhea after withdrawal fo medicated feed. Frequency of diarrhea was less after each retreatment. This was attributed to the development of immunity from the recurring diarrhea.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Hypopituitarism: a complication of diabetes.

Hypopituitarism is a rarely reported accompaniment of diabetes mellitus. Autopsy studies suggest, however, that pituitary lesions are ten times more common in diabetics than in nondiabetics. Three cases of diabetes with hypopituitarism are reported. We believe that clinically important hypopituitarism may occur more commonly than is suspected in diabetes and that the diagnosis should be sought more aggressively.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Ipronidazole in the drinking water for treatment and prevention of experimental swine dysentery.

The addition of ipronidazole to drinking water at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L was effective for treatment of experimentally induced swine dysentery in swine because diarrhea receded in most swine within several days after the drug was added. Medicated swine given these concentrations of drug had fewer days of nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic diarrhea, higher feed and water consumption, greater body weight gain,and a more favorable feed efficiency than did the nonmedicated, exposed swine. Medicated swine given dosage of 25 mg/L of drinking water had greater frequency of nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic diarrhea than did those given the higher concentrations, and diarrhea in some swine did not subside during medication. All medicated swine survived; in contrast, 90% mortality occurred in the nonmedicated swine. In all groups of medicated exposed swine, occasionally there was recurrence of diarrhea.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of a new aminoglycoside (G-418) and gentamicin for the treatment of swine dysentery in swine naturally infected with Salmonella choleraesuis.

The addition of the aminoglycosidic antibiotic, G-418, to drinking water at the concentration of 37.5 mg/L for 3 days was effective in treatment of experimentally induced swine dysentery in swine. With this concentration, there was a recession of diarrhea during or immediately after withdrawal of medication. However, the diarrhea recurred approximately 2 weeks after medication was stopped. With the concentration of 12.5 mg of G-418/L given to swine for 3 days, the diarrhea did not recede during or after medication. With the concentration of 12.5 mg of gentamicin/L given to swine for 3 days, the diarrhea receded in some swine during and after medication, but more swine died in the medicated exposed groups than died in the nonmedicated exposed groups. Both drugs appeared to be effective against the concurrent spontaneous infection of Salmonella choleraesuis in the swine used in the study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of furazolidone and carbadox in the feed for treatment of Salmonella choleraesuis in swine.

Furazolidone and carbadox, as feed additives, were only partially effective for the treatment of experimentally induced infections of Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf in swine. There was little difference in mortality between the medicated exposed and the nonmedicated exposed swine, and medication did not markedly decrease rectal temperature. In experiment I, the mortality in groups fed furazolidone was lower than in those fed carbadox, but higher than in the nonmedicated exposed. In experiment II, there was little difference in mortality between the medicated and the nonmedicated exposed swine. In both experiments, however, exposed swine that survived had body weight gains significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in 3 of the 4 medicated exposed groups than in the nonmedicated groups. With the exception of the swine fed carbadox for 2 weeks, the feed and water consumption of the survivors in the medicated exposed groups during the recovery phase was higher (but not significantly (P greater than 0.05) higher) than that of the nonmedicated exposed groups. The problems with medicating in feed for treatment of S choleraesuis were that the infected swine frequently vomited the feed and became partially anorectic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Experimental induction of cervical lymphadenitis in guinea-pigs with group C streptococci.

Streptococcal lymphadenitis with macroscopic abscesses was induced in guinea-pigs when an isolate of Lancefield's group C streptococci of guinea-pig origin was sprayed orally. The disease was also produced in guinea-pigs when another isolate was injected sublingually but not when it was sprayed orally. Treatment with prednisolone did not increase the susceptibility to the latter isolant when sprayed orally. Abscesses could not be induced in the cervical lymph nodes of guinea-pigs exposed by injecting group E streptococci sublingually, although the organism was isolated from the cervical lymph nodes 2 days after inoculation. Neither could abscesses be induced by injecting these streptococci sublingually in guinea-pigs treated with prednisolone.

Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Prevention of swine dysentery with a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin and resistance of swine dysentery to tylosin and sodium arsanilate.

The addition of a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin to feed at the total concentrations of 44 and 77 mg/kg, beginning at the time of exposure and continuing for 8 weeks, prevented experimentally induced swine dysentery in swine. The disease did not develop after the medication was withdrawn. In contrast, swine dysentery, similar to that seen in the nonmedicated swine, did develop in simultaneously exposed swine treated with feed containing either 44 mg of tylosin or 99 mg sodium arsanilate/kg. The swine fed sodium arsanilate and which developed hemorrhagic diarrhea had a more severe form of this type of diarrhea than did the nonmedicated swine. After reexposure to inefective inoculum of swine dysentery 86 days after initial exposure, all remaining swine previously medicated with either tylosin or sodium arsanilate and all nonmedicated swine were immune; whereas 17 of the 24 swine fed the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin were susceptible to swine dysentery and developed diarrhea.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Influence of medication on development of serum antibody to swine dysentery as detected with indirect fluorescent antibody method.

Serums from 119 swine exposed to swine dysentery inoculum, and medicated with various drugs, were tested for antibodies to the large spirochete, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and were compared in tests with known positive serums from 18 nonmedicated swine which had recovered naturally. An inverse relationship existed between the efficacy of the drug and the serum antibody titer (highest dilution of the serum producing immunofluorescence of large spirochetes). The more efficacious drugs or doses resulted in lesser development of serum antibody. Diarrhea usually seemed necessary for the development of serum antibody. With the less efficacious drugs, there were more days of diarrhea. Some swine had diarrhea but did not develop an antibody titer, and a few swine had a titer but did not develop diarrhea. Swine which developed a titer were more immune against reexposure with infective inoculum. The medicaments, especially those given at higher concentrations, seemed to resolve the diarrhea or prevent the development of diarrhea, occurrences which were necessary for the development of immunity.

Animals↗