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Biomedical subjects

L D Mirkin

Publications and source records attributed to L D Mirkin.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus in a 4-year-old child. A high-grade variant with lymph node metastasis.

A high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis occurred in the bronchus of a 4-year-old child. The tumor was pedunculated, obstructive, and invasive. Squamous and glandular elements were seen on light and electron microscopic examination. This is a very rare tumor in the pediatric age group. This is the first instance of this lesion associated with metastasis.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Medulloblastoma (?) with epithelioid features.

A midline cerebellar tumor in an 18-year-old male, on light microscopy composed of closely packed, small featureless cells with little cytoplasm, under electron microscopic examination showed distinct epithelial features. The cells were closely apposed and joined by zonula adherentes, puncta adherentia and classical desmosomes. The latter structure has not been described in unequivocal glial or neuronal tumors or in normal cells derived from the neural tube in vertebrates, not even in ontogenesis. In many areas the tumor cells abut on extensive basement membranes. Although the majority of the cells were undifferentiated, we occasionally observed elements containing dense core vesicles, microtubules and cilia. In addition, typical astrocytes were identified. The presence of these features strongly favors the neuroectodermal origin of this neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of altered functional differentiation of pancreatic tissue in sacrococcygeal teratomas.

The finding of teratomas with mature-appearing pancreatic tissue showing abnormal production of immunoreactive amylase appears to contradict earlier suggestions that somatic tissue in teratomas that appears mature also functions normally. It therefore seems judicious to study carefully both morphologic and functional characteristics of tissues in teratomas before utilizing them as experimental models of tissue differentiation, since at least in the case of human amylase, functional differentiation does not always follow morphologic differentiation.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

The effect of amniotic fluid aspiration on pulmonary function in the adult and newborn rabbit.

Aspiration of uncontaminated human amniotic fluid was investigated in adult and newborn rabbits and compared with three other experimental groups: 10% meconium solution, saline, and sham-injected controls. Fluids were injected into the trachea of adult animals (4 or 6 ml/kg body weight), newborn vaginally-delivered animals (a mean volume of 8 ml/kg), and cesarean-delivered animals before their first breath (a mean volume of 11 ml/kg). In adult animals aspirating amniotic fluid or saline, arterial PO2 measured over a 24-h period showed a mean difference between groups of less than 5% for both 4 and 6 ml/kg. Meconium aspiration produced a greater depression in PO2 than amniotic fluid aspiration (a mean difference of 16 and 31% for 4 and 6 ml/kg, respectively) and animals aspirating meconium showed a deteriorating trend over 24 h, whereas animals aspirating amniotic fluid improved. One of eight adult animals aspirating amniotic fluid died versus four of five aspirating meconium. All five animals aspirating saline 6 ml/kg survived. Lung weight and resting volume of adult animals aspirating amniotic fluid were not significantly different from animals aspirating saline or nothing. Lung pressure volume curves from adult animals aspirating amniotic fluid were nearly identical to controls. Histology showed significantly greater atelectasis in adult animals that received 6 ml/kg amniotic fluid than controls, but this was not different from saline. There was no association between the number of cells in amniotic fluid and arterial PO2 after aspiration or any other aspect of pulmonary function measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Supraventricular tachycardia with edema, ascites, and hydrops in fetal sheep.

Continuous supraventricular tachycardia was induced in 13 fetal sheep for 72 to 216 hours. The PaO2 decreased from 18.1 +/- 1.2 (SEM) to 15.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg and the PaCO2 increased from 41.5 +/- 1.2 (SEM) to 46.0 +/- 1.0 (SEM) mm Hg with pacing. The hematocrit, total protein, albumin, serum [Na+] and [K+], and osmolality remained unchanged throughout the study. All study fetuses showed signs of ascites (mean = 88 +/- 67.5 [SD] ml), and one was grossly hydropic. Six fetuses, all of which had greater than or equal to 50 ml of ascites, died as the results of pacing. Gross pathologic findings in 13 fetuses included: cardiomegaly in seven, cyanotic myocardium in two, hepatomegaly in seven, pulmonary congestion in two, generalized edema in three, and massive edema (hydrops) in one. None of these conditions was found in the 14 control animals. There was no correlation of the severity of effects upon the fetus and the induced heart rate, the duration of tachycardia, or the site of implantation of the pacemaker. The conclusion was that organomegaly, generalized edema, and hydrops fetalis were the direct result of supraventricular tachycardia in utero; the exact mechanism of production and the reasons for the variable manifestations of tachycardia remain unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Propagation of normal human epithelial cell populations using an in vivo culture system. Description and applications.

A new model using xenotransplanted human epithelia was developed for the study of toxic and carcinogenic effects of chemicals. Epithelial cells from the respiratory tract of 4 male and 3 female premature and fullterm fetuses were enzymatically removed and inoculated into deepithelialized rat tracheas. These were sealed at both ends and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. After 3-4 weeks, a normal mucociliary epithelium covered the tracheal lumen. At this stage the epithelial cells could be isolated again and transplanted into new denuded rat tracheas. This passaging could be repeated up to six times, each permitting an amplification factor of approximately 3. Tracheal transplants containing cells of human origin (in vivo Passages 2-4) were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias, and dysplasias were seen 1-8 weeks after initiation of treatment, indicating that the responses of human and rodent epithelial cells to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are similar. Initial experiments with skin and esophageal epithelia suggest that other covering epithelia could also be used in this fashion for evaluation of toxicants and carcinogens that are likely to come into contact with these tissues.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1979

Pancreatitis and Reye's syndrome.

A review of 18 cases of Reye's syndrome autopsied at Indiana University Hospital since 1970 was done to document pancreatic lesions associated with the syndrome. A spectrum of inflammatory lesions was identified and grouped into four categories: group 1, no changes; group 2, minimal microscopic changes; group 3, moderate changes, ie, focal necrosis, exudates, or congestion; and group 4, severe acute pancreatitis. Patients in group 4 often had clinical or laboratory data suggesting the onset of pancreatitis after hospitalization. Acute pancreatitis is associated with Reye's syndrome, and patients should be monitored for its development. Hypotension, hypocalcemia, and glucose lability may herald the onset of acute pancreatitis in these patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Acute disseminated aspergillosis during the neonatal period. Report of an instance in a 14-day-old infant.

We describe an infant who died with extensive lesions of disseminated aspergillosis on the 18th day of postnatal life. Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered from blood cultures. Initial clinical manifestations were suggestive of hepatitis, and steroids and antibiotics were used in the treatment. This therapy may have fostered the onset of an opportunistic mycosis. Advanced multisystemic aspergillotic lesions were seen at autopsy, especially prominent in lungs and gastrointestinal tract. The extent and magnitude of the lesions observed suggest inception of the disease very early in life, although no case of human aspergillosis has been known to be congenital. Neonatal aspergillosis is poorly characterized. Only four previously reported cases came to our notice in which the disease could be diagnosed in the first month of life. The ubiquitous nature of pathogenic Aspergillus, joined to aggresive treatments designed to achieve increased survivals in neonatology, could potentially result in greater numbers of cases of this and other uncommon mycoses.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternaria alternata infection of skin in a 6-year-old boy with aplastic anemia.

Although Alternaria is a very common soil saprophyte and plant pathogen fungus, human infections are rare. A 6-year-old boy with aplastic anemia presented with generalized erythematous papules. Skin biopsies revealed granulomas with fungal elements and grew Alternaria alternata. The lesions disappeared following 7 weeks of antifungal treatment.

Alternaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyaline cartilage at porta hepatis in extrahepatic biliary atresia.

Hyaline cartilage was found on microscopy of sections of the extrahepatic biliary tree in two infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). Respiratory epithelium was not present, and the cartilage did not seem to block the bile duct lumen. Hyperbilirubinemia was manifest in one infant on the second postnatal day, but clinical courses were otherwise unremarkable. In neither infant was the ductal plate malformation found on light microscopy of liver biopsy specimens, and in neither infant was visceral topography abnormal. Hyaline cartilage at the porta hepatis appears to be a novel finding in EHBA. Its significance remains to be defined.

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic↗