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Biomedical subjects

L Coyne

Publications and source records attributed to L Coyne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Psychiatric treatment of Roman Catholic religious patients: a pilot follow-up study.

The pilot follow-up study reported here was undertaken to determine the treatment outcome of Roman Catholic religious priests, sisters, and brothers treated at The Menninger Clinic during a 10-year period. The authors stress the importance of involvement by the religious community in treatment and follow-up, and of opportunities in treatment to address spiritual and vocational issues. The extremely low response rate requires that the findings be regarded as tentative and as a pilot study for further research. However, the data do suggest some general conclusions for treatment of this population.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1992

Optimal length of stay in child and adolescent psychiatric hospitalization: a study of clinical opinion.

Factors contributing to clinical recommendations for length of hospitalization for children and adolescents were investigated. Diagnosis, chronicity, severity of symptoms, response to prior treatment, and family resources were found to relate strongly to length-of-stay recommendations. Guidelines representing the consensus of experienced clinicians are proposed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Alterations in EEG amplitude, personality factors, and brain electrical mapping after alpha-theta brainwave training: a controlled case study of an alcoholic in recovery.

A controlled case study was conducted of effects of EEG alpha and theta brainwave training with a recovering alcoholic patient who experienced craving and fear of relapse after 18 months of abstinence. Training consisted of six sessions of thermal biofeedback to increase central nervous system (CNS) relaxation. Effects were documented with pretreatment and post-treatment personality testing, 20-channel digitized EEG evaluations both under relaxed conditions and under stress, minute-by-minute physiologic recordings of autonomic and EEG data during each training session, blood pressure, and heart rate indications taken both during relaxation and under stress, and by clinical observation. Results replicated those of a previous controlled study with chronic alcoholic patients not abstinent prior to treatment. New findings include post-treatment indications of more relaxed CNS functioning under stress, and of reduced autonomic activation both during relaxation and under stress. Brain-mapping indications of anxiety associated with painful cold-pressor stimulation were seen only in the pretest readings; at post-test the brain map indicated pain-associated EEG activity in the contralateral somatosensory area, but no apparent anxiety-associated EEG activity. At 4 months post-treatment the patient's wife and colleagues report the patient appears to function in a more relaxed way under the impact of stress, and he reports no longer experiencing craving for alcohol. Overall, support is provided for the possibility that alpha and theta brainwave training may be a useful intervention for the abstinent alcoholic experiencing stress-related craving and fear of relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Air oxidation of hydrazine. 1. Reaction kinetics on natural kaolinites, halloysites, and model substituent layers with varying iron and titanium oxide and O- center contents.

Air oxidation of hydrazine was studied by using a group of kaolinites, halloysites, and substituent oxides as models for the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. The rate was found to be linear with oxygen. The stoichiometry showed that oxygen was the primary oxidant and that dinitrogen was the only important nitrogen-containing product. The rates on kaolinites were strongly inhibited by water. Those on three-dimensional silica and gibbsite appeared not to be. That on a supposedly layered silica formed from a natural kaolinite by acid leaching showed transitional behavior--slowed relative to that expected from a second-order reaction relative to that on the gibbsite and silica but faster than those on the kaolinites. The most striking result of the reaction was the marked increase in the rate of reaction of a constant amount of hydrazine as the amount of clay was increased. The increase was apparent (in spite of the water inhibition at high conversions) over a 2 order of magnitude variation of the clay weight. The weight dependence was taken to indicate that the role of the clay is very important, that the number of reactive centers is very small, or that they may be deactivated over the course of the reaction. In contrast to the strong dependence on overall amount of clay, the variation of amounts of putative oxidizing centers, such as structural Fe(III), admixed TiO2 or Fe2O3, or O- centers, did not result in alteration of the rate commensurate with the degree of variation of the entity in question. Surface iron does play some role, however, as samples that were pretreated with a reducing agent were less active as catalysts than the parent material. These results were taken to indicate either that the various centers interact to such a degree that they cannot be considered independently or that the reaction might proceed by way of surface complexation, rather than single electron transfers.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1991

Perceived treatment difficulty and therapeutic alliance on an adolescent psychiatric hospital unit.

On an 8-bed adolescent psychiatric unit, 69 patients were rated over the course of more than one year [corrected]. A set of rating scales was used to determine the relationships of treatment and therapeutic alliance difficulties with staff ratings of patient qualities, family issues, and treatment outcome. Findings underscore the clinical relevance of treatment difficulty and therapeutic alliance in conceptualizing the therapeutic action of the hospital treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of extended hospitalization: a one-year follow-up study.

The C. F. Menninger Memorial Hospital is conducting an ongoing follow-up study of the effects of extended hospitalization. The authors report key indicators of outcome at one year postdischarge for 110 patients hospitalized on extended care units for at least 180 days. Outcome is determined by postdischarge rates of rehospitalization, postdischarge suicide attempts, and occupational functioning at the time of the one-year follow-up interview. After comparing these areas with preadmission levels of symptomatology and functioning, the authors report significant improvement in each category at the time of follow-up.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Outcome at discharge for patients in an ongoing follow-up study of hospital treatment.

Methodological and practical difficulties have limited the growth of knowledge about outcome of psychiatric hospital treatment. The authors report on outcome at hospital discharge for 103 long-term and 93 short-term patients treated at the C. F. Menninger Memorial Hospital, part of an ongoing follow-up study of hospital treatment. Discharge outcome is based mainly on ratings of symptoms, global functioning, and therapeutic alliance as well as on patients' reports of satisfaction. At discharge both long- and short-term patients were found to have low levels of symptoms (based on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and a relatively adequate level of functioning (in the 51-to-60 range on the Global Assessment Scale) and to have been highly satisfied with treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Scales for assessing family intervention during psychiatric hospitalization.

Because ample evidence from both clinical and research realms has demonstrated that family intervention can be crucial for the process and outcome of psychiatric hospital treatment, greater attention should be given to assessing the extent and content of such interventions. The authors present their rating system for assessing the focus of family interventions during psychiatric hospitalization; they also provide results of a study of the interrater reliability of the scales and a factor analysis of the scales. These Family Intervention Scales are designed for application in hospitals that vary widely in structure, setting, staffing patterns, and program emphasis. The factor analysis yields four factors that make good clinical and conceptual sense: Information-Education, Family System Approach, Family Therapeutic Alliance, and Spouse Involvement.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Assessing difficulties in the hospital treatment of children and adolescents.

There are few studies of treatment difficulty with children and adolescents. The authors describe a preliminary phase of research in this area, specifically the development of a set of rating scales to assess factors in treatment difficulty, a study of interrater reliability, and factor analyses of the content of these scales. The next steps in this ongoing research project are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Skin-conductance orienting response in chronic schizophrenics: the role of neuroleptics.

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between neuroleptic treatment and skin-conductance orienting response (SCOR) nonresponding in chronic schizophrenics. In a design adapted to this purpose, we were unable to demonstrate a relationship between neuroleptics and nonresponding. Although inability to prove the null hypothesis precludes a claim that neuroleptic treatment and SCOR nonresponding are unrelated, internal evidence and prior studies strongly suggest that such a dissociation exists in most chronic schizophrenic nonresponders. We also found stable nonspecific and toxic skin conductance activity differences between SCOR "responders" and "nonresponders" on three occasions of testing. We interpret our results as bearing on state and trait issues in chronic schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An analysis of home practice patterns for non-drug headache treatments.

Regular home practice of non-drug training techniques is assumed essential for improved headache control. In numerous research studies on non-drug treatment efficacy, subjects have been routinely required to practice daily self-regulation techniques. This paper examines the relationship between amount of home practice and treatment outcome, and the extent to which subjects adhere to training requirements. A total of 42 subjects completed daily home practice records for 32 weeks. Fourteen subjects had randomly been assigned to an autogenic phases group, 17 to an electromyographic biofeedback group, and 11 to a thermal training group. All subjects charted frequency of practice, change of feeling in the target area, time required to bring about the change, and general body relaxation. Relationships between subject compliance and 11 selected variables including demographics, headache activity components, treatment group, and treatment outcome were evaluated. Results support home practice, but place greater emphasis on its quality rather than its quantity.

Headache↗
PubMed1989

Rorschach correlates of treatment difficulty in a long-term psychiatric hospital.

There are no studies of the use of the Rorschach test to predict possible treatment difficulties with hospitalized psychiatric patients. To explore this area, the authors assessed the Rorschach protocols of 114 patients using 19 example-anchored rating scales. They conducted a factor analysis of the scales and correlated the resulting factor scores with the extent and type of treatment difficulty. Although there were few significant findings, the Rorschach factors of Dysphoric Affect, Mirroring, and Depreciation may warrant further investigation of their predictive value for treatment difficulty. Rorschach measures of severity of psychological disturbance, inability to represent aggression in ideation, and depreciation may help treaters anticipate types of treatment difficulty.

Depression↗
PubMed1988

The effect of neuroleptics and tardive dyskinesia on smooth-pursuit eye movement in chronic schizophrenics.

We sought to determine whether such state-related factors as neuroleptic treatment and facio-oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) influence smooth-pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in chronic schizophrenics. The design involved 100 schizophrenics, 64 of whom showed "abnormal" eye tracking. Experimentally drug-withdrawn patients, some of whom were clinically relapsed, were compared with control patients who continued taking medication in prewithdrawal and postwithdrawal SPEM tests. All groups showed a slight worsening in eye-tracking performance on two postwithdrawal tests, but significant group-by-test session "interactions" were not demonstrable. We also determined that patients with TD tend to substitute large, nontracking saccades for SPEM to a significantly greater extent than nondyskinetic patients. Our findings strengthen the supposition that impaired SPEM is a trait in many schizophrenics but suggest that patients with TD be excluded in future studies of SPEM addressed to trait issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Scales to assess the emphasis of psychiatric hospital treatment.

There are few studies of psychiatric hospital treatment that include measures of the treatment process. Perhaps the greatest neglect exists in the failure to collect from the clinicians their observations about the treatment interventions they most emphasize in each patient's treatment. The purpose of this paper is to report the development of a set of rating scales that call on hospital clinical staff to assess the relative prominence of various forms of interventions, namely, degree of restriction, vocational and avocational activities, therapeutic and community groups, medication, degree of supportive versus expressive emphasis and individual psychotherapy. We present a study of interrater reliability in a variety of hospital settings and results of a factor analysis of a portion of the scales.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of therapeutic alliances in the psychiatric hospital milieu.

The authors developed scales to assess long-term hospital patients' collaboration in milieu treatment and their working relationships with various staff members. A factor analysis of patients' ratings of their collaboration in several areas of treatment yielded three dimensions: Goal Orientation, Involvement, and Use of Structure. While each dimension of collaboration correlated positively with working relationships and progress, Goal Orientation was the most substantial contributor. Patients' and staff members' perceptions of their working relationships corresponded to a statistically significant-but modest-degree. Only nurses' ratings of progress related significantly to patients' ratings. The authors highlight divergent perceptions of the treatment process, and advocate that different perspectives be openly discussed and clarified in the service of improved collaboration.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of therapist interventions on the therapeutic alliance with borderline patients.

The authors draw attention to the problems of establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance in the psychotherapy of the borderline patient. They elaborate an extensive methodology designed to study the manner in which shifts in collaboration occur in response to therapist interventions. This report demonstrates how one particular borderline patient increased his ability to collaborate with the therapist in response to a transference focus in the psychotherapy. Methodological problems are noted as are directions for future research. Only a series of patients studied with this or with similar methodology will allow for a sophisticated and empirical rationale for choosing a particular form of psychotherapy for a particular kind of borderline patient.

Adult↗