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Biomedical subjects

L Coles

Publications and source records attributed to L Coles.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Apnoea and brain swelling in non-accidental head injury.

AIMS: (1) To identify whether infants and young children admitted to hospital with subdural haematomas (SDH) secondary to non-accidental head injury (NAHI), suffer from apnoea leading to radiological evidence of hypoxic ischaemic brain damage, and whether this is related to a poor prognosis; and (2) to determine what degree of trauma is associated with NAHI. METHODS: Retrospective case series (1992-98) with case control analysis of 65 children under 2 years old, with an SDH secondary to NAHI. Outcome measures were presenting symptoms, associated injuries and apnoea at presentation, brain swelling or hypoxic ischaemic changes on neuroimaging, and clinical outcome (KOSCHI). RESULTS: Twenty two children had a history of apnoea at presentation to hospital. Apnoea was significantly associated with hypoxic ischaemic brain damage. Severe symptoms at presentation, apnoea, and diffuse brain swelling/hypoxic ischaemic damage were significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Eighty five per cent of cases had associated injuries consistent with a diagnosis of non-accidental injury. CONCLUSIONS: Coma at presentation, apnoea, and diffuse brain swelling or hypoxic ischaemia all predict a poor outcome in an infant who has suffered from SDH after NAHI. There is evidence of associated violence in the majority of infants with NAHI. At this point in time we do not know the minimum forces necessary to cause NAHI. It is clear however that it is never acceptable to shake a baby.

Apnea↗
PubMed1990

Gene expression in cells infected with gammaherpesvirus saimiri: properties of transcripts from two immediate-early genes.

During productive infections of cells with the gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), a polyadenylated RNA of 2.2-2.4 kb accumulates to form a large fraction of virus-specified RNA. This transcript is from the virus thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and its synthesis, like that of late mRNAs encoding the virus structural proteins, is sensitive to an inhibitor of virus DNA synthesis (phosphonoacetic acid, PAA). Transcription which is insensitive to PAA occurs from many parts of the HVS genome, including the EcoRI-D, EcoRI-E, EcoRI-I, and HindIII-G fragments. A 1.6-kb RNA from EcoRI-I/E and a 1.3-kb RNA from HindIII-G accumulate in HVS-infected cells incubated in the continuous presence of cycloheximide, and thus represent immediate-early (IE) class transcripts. The 1.3-kb message from HindIII-G is the predominant stable RNA under these conditions; accumulation of the 1.6-kb transcript from EcoRI-I/E (which encodes the previously characterized 52-kDa IE phosphoprotein) is markedly more dependent on the multiplicity of infection. The sequence of a 2.5-kbp region of the HindIII-G fragment has been determined and a single major open reading frame is present within the boundaries of the 1.3-kb IE RNA. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein (IE-G) with current databases of protein sequences failed to demonstrate significant similarities with herpesvirus proteins, but did detect a significant similarity with a region of the protein specified by an open reading frame in the LTR of mouse mammary tumor virus. The function of the IE gene in HindIII-G and the basis for the distinctive multiplicity dependence of IE transcription from the 52-kDa gene remain to be established.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Psychological treatment for atypical non-cardiac chest pain: a controlled evaluation.

Thirty-one patients with atypical non-cardiac chest pain which had persisted despite negative medical investigation were treated in a controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy. The average duration of pain was 4.7 years. Patients were randomized to either immediate treatment or as a control to assessment only. Treatment involved teaching patients how to anticipate and control symptoms, and modification of inappropriate health beliefs. The average number of sessions given was 7.2. There were significant reductions in chest pain. limitations and disruption of daily life, autonomic symptoms, distress and psychological morbidity in the treated group as compared with the control group who were unchanged. The assessment-only group were treated subsequently and showed comparable changes. Improvements were fully maintained by both treated groups at four- to six-months follow-up.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1970

Factors affecting the glycosphingolipid composition of murine tissues.

The effects of genetic strain, sex, age, and pathological state on the distribution and concentration of glycosphingolipids in mouse kidneys and livers were studied. The concentrations of glycosphingolipids and phospholipids in the kidneys and livers of different strains were compared. The major glycosphingolipid in the kidneys of male and female BALB/c, C3H/He, C57/BL, A, and C57xA (F(1) hybrid) mice was a sulfatide, monoglycosyl-(3-sulfate) ceramide; monoglycosyl ceramide was the major component in livers. The kidneys of males of all strains contained significant amounts of diglycosyl ceramide, but those of females contained, at most, only traces. Glycosphingolipid concentration in the male kidneys of C57/BL and C57xA (F(1) hybrid) was much higher than in the female and was also much higher than in the male kidneys of C3H/He, BALB/c, and A strains. The kidneys of "old" (36 wk) male and female C3H/He mice contained much higher proportions of monoglycosyl ceramide than 10-12-wk-old adults. The distributions of glycosphingolipids in kidneys of female C3H/He mice with BP8 ascites tumors and male C57xA (F(1) hybrid) mice with EL4 ascites tumors differed from those in the normal mice. An unknown lipid, present in all glycosphingolipid extracts from kidney and liver, was tentatively identified as cholesterol sulfate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1970

Fluorimetric determination of sphingosine and its application to natural mixtures of glycosphingolipids.

A sensitive estimation of sphingosine, by measurement of the fluorescence of a complex formed with 1-naphthylamino-4-sulfonic acid, is described. The practical range is 5-35 nmoles sphingosine. The method is used to estimate, in terms of sphingosine, amounts of ceramide and glycosphingolipids. The isolation of microamounts (5-30 micro g) of individual glycosphingolipids from a mixture, and their quantitative estimation is described. The percentage composition of a glycosphingolipid mixture from the kidneys of adult C57/BL male mice is given.

Amino Alcohols↗