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Biomedical subjects

L Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to L Cohen.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Evaluation of a pilot program for rheumatic disability in an urban community.

A program for the systematic detection and management of arthritis disability was developed for an urban population. A survey identified 601 persons with rheumatic disability in a population of 9,500-10,550. Seventy-eight persons were evaluated and given recommendations. An ombudsman assisted the clients in obtaining health services and coordinated care. An evaluation 6-8 months later showed increased utilization of and referrals to relevant services but, on the whole, little improvement in functional capacity was noted. However, the small numbers do not definite conclusions.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1981

A clinical experience with the NCGT graft.

A comparison of 130 grafts done in 101 patients included 47 veins, 25 Johnson & Johnson dialdehyde-starch-tanned collagen prostheses, and 58 NCGT grafts that had been followed for a 40-month period. This study had documented the fact that in spite of frequent poor runoff, a useful result is provided by the NCGT graft apparently due in part to its built-in nonthrombogenic structure providing a cumulative patency of 73%. The patency rate was even superior with venous bypasses. Therefore, we still feel that the autogenous vein provides the most useful bypass conduit available in vascular reconstruction. In situations where a vein could not be used or was not available the NCGT graft offers an equally useful nonthrombogenic surface to maintain prolonged patency. Thus, collagen appropriately modified can provide a useful prosthesis in vascular reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Constitutive gene expression in myeloid leukemia and cell competence for induction of differentiation by the steroid dexamethasone.

Regulation of the cytoplasmic protein changes during myeloid cell differentiation has been analyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differentiation-defective cell mutants. The cells studied include a clone of myeloid leukemia cells (clone 11) that can be induced to differentiate to macrophages by the protein inducer MGI and the steroid dexamethasone (Dex) and mutant clones that were inducible for differentiation to macrophages by MGI but not by Dex. The mutants were not defective in the specific binding of [3H]Dex to cytoplasmic receptors or in the transport and nuclear binding of the receptor--steroid complex. The protein patterns in the mutants showed both specific constitutive protein changes and nonresponding proteins. Twenty-one percent of the Dex-induced protein changes and 2% of the MGI-induced protein changes in clone 11 were constitutively expressed in the mutants. In addition, 28% of the proteins that responded to Dex in clone 11 did not respond to Dex in the mutants, whereas only 4% of the proteins that responded to MGI in clone 11 did not respond to MGI. The higher percentage of constitutive changes was thus associated with a larger defect in induction. The proteins with an abnormal response to Dex still showed a normal response to MGI, and the constitutive changes and nonresponding proteins were different for the two inducers. It is suggested that specific constitutive protein changes expressed by the mutants produced an asynchrony in the developmental program, resulting in a defective response to Dex and to MGI, and that this may apply to other inducers and developmental programs.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1981

Effects of feeding rats sucrose in a high fat diet.

Rats were fed ad libitum a 40% fat diet containing either 30% sucrose or 30% starch by weight for 8-9 weeks. Insulin levels during a meal tolerance test were significantly greater in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch, but serum glucose levels were not affected by diet and tended to decrease as time after the meal increased. Insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test were significantly greater in the rats fed sucrose. Serum glucose levels were not affected by diet. Body weights and epididymal and perirenal fat pad weights were higher in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not different. These results show that relatively low sucrose levels in a high fat diet can produce higher insulin levels than starch before and after either a glucose load or a meal. This relative insulin resistance is symptomatic of onset diabetes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Receptor-mediated regulation of superoxide production in human neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate.

Human neutrophils contain receptors for phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a complex lipid that induces them to generate superoxide (O (2)). Binding of PMA to these receptors displays specificity, reversibility, and high affinity. The receptor's apparent KD was approximately 0.29 nM and multiple copies (approximately 2.1 +/- 0.6 x 10(5)) were present per neutrophil. We found that the timing and magnitude of the neutrophil's respiratory burst were set independently. The onset of O (2) production occurred after a lag that was inversely proportional to the initial concentration of added PMA. The extent (rate) of O (2) production was directly proportional to the fractional occupancy of the receptor by PMA. Dual regulatory controls, such as those we noted when neutrophils were stimulated by PMA, could afford metabolic stability in the face of transient or low intensity stimuli without compromising quick and powerful responses to larger disturbances.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1981

Isolation and partial characterization of Fc gamma-binding proteins of human leukocytes.

We isolated and partially characterized three Fc-binding macromolecules from human leukocytes. Mononuclear cells from normal individuals and from five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and neutrophils from normal donors were surface radiolabeled by using 125I and lactoperoxidase. After detergent solubilization of the cells, Fc gamma-binding macromolecules were purified by repetitive affinity chromatography under a variety of conditions and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three radiolabeled macromolecules were isolated that retained specific ability to bind to Fc fragments. A 52,000-64,000-mol wt macromolecule was isolated from normal mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. A 43,000-mol wt band was characteristic of mononuclear cells, particularly from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A 33,000-mol wt molecule could be obtained from normal leukocytes under conditions that suggest it might be a proteolytic fragment.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1981

Heart block in Marfan's syndrome.

Marfan's syndrome is classified as a heritable disorder of connective tissue in which the supporting structure is involved in clinical and pathologic alterations. In its classic form the syndrome is associated with abnormalities of the eye, aorta, and the skeleton. Conduction disturbances and ventricular arrhythmias have rarely been described in this syndrome. In this brief case report a patient with symptomatic heart block, prolonged atrial-His interval and ventricular arrhythmia in whom a permanent ventricular pacemaker has been implanted, is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Incorporating care for the special patient into general dental practice.

The training of general dental practitioners in a program that emphasizes the care of the special patient is described. Each trainee donates one day a week to the Illinois Masonic Medical Center, which pays all practice expenses, and a referral network is being developed among those who have completed the course.

Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities↗