Biomedical subjects

L Chyczewski

Publications and source records attributed to L Chyczewski.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

The evaluation of murine pleural lavage fluid cellular composition in experimental hemorrhagic shock with special regard to mast cells morphometry.

In the course of a hemorrhagic shock, pathological changes occur, which result in intensifying the insufficiency of various vital organs. It can also lead to the development of the multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) that is the cause of high posthemorrhagic mortality. As a result of the ischemia in the lung there appear proinflammatory factors that mobilize and activate mast cells, inducing degranulation in them. The aim of the study was the analysis of cellular composition and cytomorphometric evaluation of mast cells present in the lavage fluid from the pleural cavity of rats in a sham operated group and in the group presenting hemorrhagic shock. The results revealed an increase of the total cell count in the lavage fluid from the pleural cavity. In the cytological smears a statistically significant accumulation of inflammatory cells was present, especially neutrophils. The increase in mast cells and eosinophils number was not statistically significant. There was not a change in the morphometric parameters of mast cells except the circularity index. A decline of the circularity index indirectly may suggest the degranulation of mast cells, which reflects an inflammatory process in the lungs.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of p53 and bcl-2 oncoprotein expression in precancerous lesions of the oral cavity.

The oral cavity is continually exposed to various traumas due to the effect of thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli, which when accompanied by inflammatory states may promote the growth of neoplastic changes. Numerous studies have revealed a correlation between the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins and the progression of neoplastic disease. It cannot be excluded that these proteins act as biomarkers of a neoplastic transformation threatening in precancerous states (including leukoplakia) or the already existing neoplastic transformation (e.g. in oral squamous cell carcinoma). The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in the proliferating epithelium in relation to leukoplakia degree and with regard to the lesions accompanied and not accompanied by squamous cell carcinomas. Fifty-five cases of proliferating changes in the oral epithelium (leukoplakia) were investigated. Group I contained 20 leukoplakias not accompanied by oral squamous cell carcinomas. Groups II, III and IV included 35 cases of changes in the vicinity of carcinomas on the lower lip (group II), in the front 2/3 of the tongue (group III) and in the oral floor (group IV). Staining was performed according to the immunohistochemical method with the use of monoclonal antibodies against human p53 protein (DAKO No M7001) and Bcl-2 (DAKO No M0887). A higher expression of p53 protein (54%) was found in leukoplakia changes coexisting with squamous cell carcinomas, compared with the non-accompanied ones (p53--45%). The results indicate a correlation between epithelial dysplasia degree and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression--severe dysplasia occurred with an increase in the expression of both proteins. Leukoplakias situated in the vicinity of squamous cell carcinomas showed higher expression of p53 and Bcl-2 compared with the non-accompanied alterations. A correlation was also revealed between the location and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expression degree in the non-accompanied changes; no such correlations were found in proliferating epithelial changes adjacent to neoplastic tumors.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2001

Endothelial cells and angiogenesis intensity in lung cancer.

We focused our studies on single endothelial cells (ECs) scattered in extracellular matrix in lung cancer tumors. Neovascularization was evaluated in 100 tumors obtained from patients operated for lung cancer, in relation to histological type, tumor differentiation and clinical stage of the disease. Angiogenic objects (single endothelial cells and microvessels) were identified by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against von Willebrand factor. The count of angiogenic objects per 1 mm2 in each section was determined in a "hot spot" located at the margin of the tumor. We used an arbitrary scale of angiogenesis intensity: 1 - 0-200, 2 - 201-400, 3 - >400 angiogenic objects/mm2. A majority (57%) of the examined cases belonged to the group 2. The angiogenesis intensity measured by the single EC numbers/mm2 correlates with the histological type and the differentiation of the tumors. There was no such a correlation when the angiogenesis intensity was measured by counting total angiogenic objects (microvessels + EC) number/mm2. Single EC number/mm2 in different histological types of cancer were as follows: 162+/-121 in squamous cell (SqCC), 194+/-71 in adenocarcinoma (AdC), 225+/-145 in large cell (LCC), 264+/-52 in small cell (SCC), 279+/-173 in combined cancer. The differences between the EC counts in the different histological types of lung cancers were statistically significant in the following pairs: SqCC vs SCC (p=0.0233) and AdC vs SCC (p=0.0409). The correlation between EC count in the "hot spot" and the grade of tumor differentiation was statistically significant for G1 vs G4 (p=0.0007) and G1 vs G2 (p=0.0411). Our results suggest that higher numbers of EC/mm2 may confirm rapid development of angioneogenesis. These relations should be examined in larger series of cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

[Allergic broncho-pulmonary tuberculosis--a case without bronchial asthma].

Aspergillus fumigatus can cause a number of lung diseases. One of them is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) characterized by pulmonary eozynophilia, asthma, an allergic type of immune response in the bronchi and proximal bronchiectases. ABPA was recognised in 28-years old man (round shadows in the lung, obturated bronchus with mucoid impaction, positive skin tests with aspergillin and presence of precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus, elevated serum IgE level). Patient was treated for 6 months with corticosteroids. After 2 years of regression there was an exacerbation of ABPA was recognised. The steroid therapy was repeated.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor FLK-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)--a preliminary report.

The assessment of tumour angiogenesis in NSCLC is presently a subject of intensive research with potential clinical applications. In this study, the expression of VEGF and FLK-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 67 archival tumour samples obtained from NSCLC patients treated by radical resection. Distribution of age, sex, tumour stage and histology was typical for patient population in Poland. VEGF expression (more than 25% of positive cells) was noted in 65% of tumour cells. FLK-1 expression was observed in 91% of tumour cells. Neither the number of positive cells nor the staining intensity correlated with the clinical variables (all p values >0.05, chi-square test). No correlation was noted between the expression of VEGF and FLK-1 (p=0.35, chi-square test). In survival analysis, neither the number of positive cells nor the staining intensity of both molecules was of prognostic significance. The expression of VEGF and FLK-1 in NSCLC cells was confirmed in this study. The relation to clinical variables and survival will be further assessed in a larger group of patients.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗

PubMed2001

CD44 glycoprotein as a prognostic factor in laryngeal cancer.

An association between cell adhesion molecules expression in neoplastic tissues and cancer progression has been the focus of many recent studies. In certain tumours down-regulation of CD44 expression has been linked to the poor prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate CD44 expression and to determine the correlation between CD44 expression and the clinicopathological features of laryngeal cancer. The group consisted of 80 patients with primary laryngeal cancer. Tissue samples were taken from removed tumour mass during surgical treatment, CD44 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical method. The down-regulation of CD44 expression significantly correlated with a shorter disease-free survival (p<0.05). Our results suggest that CD44 expression may be useful as a prognostic marker in laryngeal cancer.

Disease-Free Survival↗

PubMed2001

Proliferating activity, DNA ploidy changes of lung cancer cells before and after chemotherapy.

To assess proliferating activity, DNA ploidy changes of lung cancer cells before and after chemotherapy, we performed a flow cytometry analysis (FC) using fresh bronchoscopy specimens from 38 patients with lung cancer. Among 33 males and 5 females, squamous cell carcinoma (NSLC) was recognized in 12 males, 15 males had small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 6 males had lung cancer with no histological type (LC) defined. Three women had SCLC, 1 had NSCLC and one had LC. Control consisted of 11 COPD patients. The percentage of diploid cells was significantly lower and cells with hypoploid cells were significantly higher in study group before treatment. High percentage of G2M cells characterised NSCLC and LC groups, whether high number of S phase cells characterised NSCLC and SCLC group before treatment. The treatment lowered percentage of G2M cells in NSCLC and CA group, whether diploid, hypoploid and S phase cells did not differ than those from before treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2001

Circulating anti-p53 antibodies in esophageal cancer patients.

Circulating anti-p53 protein antibodies (p53-Abs) have been detected in some cancer patients. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of circulating anti-p53 protein antibodies and their clinical significance in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Serum specimens from 75 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinomas and 10 healthy subjects were studied. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA--Pharma Cell) was used to detect p53-Abs. At the time of diagnosis 20 (26.6%) of 75 analyzed patients had positive result in the p53-Abs test, but not any of the healthy subjects. The positive rate was 25% (1/4) cases in stage I, 41% (10/24) cases in stage IIA, 0% (0/8) cases in stage IIB, 28% (8/28) cases in stage III and 9% (1/11) cases in stage IV. In respect of tumour differentiation, cases graded as G1, G2 and G3 were positive in 28.5% (4/14), 25.9% (7/27) and 26.4% (9/34), respectively. There was no correlation between presence of p53-Abs and stage, rumour differentiation, lymph nodes metastases, tumour size, patient age and sex. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that serum p53-Abs did not correlate with cliniocopathologic feature of esophageal carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Detection of human papillomavirus in papillomas of oral cavity.

The oral cavity is exposed to many harmful factors among others: tobacco, alcohol and viral infection e.g. human papillomaviruses (HPV). HPV belongs to a family of tumorigenic viruses and induces cutaneous and mucosal proliferations of epithelial cells. The aim of our study was to estimate the frequency of HPV occurrence in papillomas of oral cavity in the Podlasie region. The study included 38 papillomas of oral cavity. HPV was found in 14 cases (36.8%). High risk HPV was present in 12 papillomas, while low risk HPV was detected in 2 papillomas.

DNA, Viral↗

PubMed2001

PCNA and P53 expression in relation to clinicopathological features of oral papilloma.

Although papilloma is the most frequent benign epithelial tumour of oral cavity, its biological potential for malignant transformation is still to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to correlate PCNA and P53 expression in 55 oral papillomas with some clinicopathological variables. The tissue samples were stained with H+E and by immunohistochemistry for PCNA and P53 protein. Staining patterns were assessed semiquantitatively and correlated with each other and grade of tumour epithelial dysplasia, tumour size, localization well patient age and sex. PCNA immunostaining was positive 43 (78%) oral papillomas. P53 immunohistochemical reaction was positive in 38 (69%) out of 55 epithelial tumours. Positive relationship between PCNA and P53 expression was observed as well as between PCNA immunostaining and grade of epithelial dysplasia. There was no statistically significant relationships between PCNA, P53 immunohistochemical positivity and papilloma size, site, patient age and sex. The results of this study suggest that immunohistochemical P53 overexpression is valuable marker of early neoplastic transformation and together with PCNA are presumed predictors for malignant transformation of oral papillomas.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Detection of p16 abnormalities in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

We investigated the clinical significance of p16 abnormalities (mutations by sequencing and hypermethylation by methylation-specific PCR) in 52 radically resected stage I-II non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). P16 abnormalities were detected in 20 (38%) patents (point mutations in 4 (8%) and promoter hypermethylation in 16 (31%) cases. No correlation was found between p16 abnormalities and various clinicopathologic factors, including sex, histological type of tumor and TNM (I vs. II) stage. The multivariate analysis of survival was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. When the types of 16 inactivation were analyzed, p16 hypermethylation rather than point mutation was associated with poor Prognosis. The presented results prompt the conclusion that hypermethylation of p16 is the major mechanism for p16 gene inactivation in early stage NSCLC and could be a useful molecular marker for the prognosis.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗

PubMed2001

P16INK4a point mutations and promoter hypermetylation in bronchial preneoplastic lesions.

The aim of this study was to determine p16INK4a point mutations and promoter hypermethylation in tumour cells and bronchial preneoplastic lesions in 32 surgically resected lungs due to primary squamous cell carcinoma. P16 point mutations were detected in 1 (3%) and promoter hypermethylation in 12 (31%) of 32 squamous cell carcinomas. The status of p16 was further characterized in 38 premalignant lesions including squamous metaplasias without dysplasia, squamous metaplasias with mild, moderate and severe dysplasias and 4 carcinomas in situ. No p16 point mutations have been found in premalignant or CIS lesions. Methylation of p16 was detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) cases of squamous metaplasias without dysplasia, in 1 of 10 (10%) cases of squamous metaplasias with mild dysplasia, in 1 of 9 (11%) cases of squamous metaplasia with moderate dysplasia and in 2 of 7 (28.5%) cases of severe dysplasias, as well as in 1 of 4 (25%) carcinomas in situ. This investigation indicates that P16INK4a supressor gene point mutations are rather late event and inactivation of this gene by promoter hypermethylation is early and likely critical in bronchial cancerogenesis.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗

PubMed2001

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in physiology and pathology.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are scant and widespread within the pulmonary epithelium. The function they play is not fully known, more studies are needed to clearly define it. They have been implicated however, as either the culprit or victim of many pulmonary diseases. That is the reason, why so many scientists take interest in the pulmonary neuroendocrine system. This paper reviews current information regarding pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, their origin, morphology, ontogeny, role, neuroendocrine cell markers, dysplasia and hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in various conditions, diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small-cell lung carcinoma, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the unusual spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

K-ras codon 12 mutations detected with enriched PCR method in operable non-small cell lung cancer.

Activated point mutations of the K-ras gene are one of the most common genetic alterations found in human malignancies, including lung cancer, and are largely limited to adenocarcinomas. Using a highly sensitive assay for codon 12 K-ras mutation detection, called enriched PCR, we investigated 130 radically resected stage I-IIIa non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There were statistically less positive results for squamous cell carcinoma (1.3%) than for adenocarcinoma (42.4%) and large cell carcinoma (27.8%). No statistically significant association between results of K-ras mutations and TNM stage of disease was found. In stage I of adenocarcinoma patients the incidence of K-ras mutations was similar to that in stage II or IIIa (40%, 42.9% and 42.9%, respectively). The results of our study showed that K-ras mutations might play an important role in pathogenesis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma due to its high prevalence in the operable tumours.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

K-ras codon 12 mutations may be detected in serum of patients suffering from adeno- and large cell lung carcinoma. A preliminary report.

We investigated the presence of K-ras mutations in the serum of 40 patients with respectable stages of adeno- and large cell lung carcinomas. Mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras gene were examined by enriched PCR method in DNA extracts from surgical specimens and serum samples. K-ras mutations were detected in 20 (51%) of 39 analyzed tumours, and in 7 (35%) of 20 patients with K-ras gene mutation positive tumours, a mutation was found in the serum DNA. We also found K-ras mutation in two (10.5%) of 19 serum samples obtained from patients whose tumours were not found to harbor mutation and in one serum sample from patient without tumour sample available for investigation. All of the 14 control healthy persons were negative for serum DNA K-ras mutation assay. Although our results are preliminary they show that K-ras mutation may be detected in serum of patients suffering from adeno- and large cell lung carcinomas and confirm the suggestion that at least a part of a free-cell extracellular blood DNA in cancer patients has neoplastic origin and may become a noninvasive target for genetic investigations of lung cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Preliminary evaluation of mast cells in rats with an experimental fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of mast cells in experimental fibrosarcoma induced in the rats' skin. Experiments were carried out on 50 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: 1. The cancer was induced in 34 rats' by onefold subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg 3-methylcholanthrene in 0. 25 ml of olive oil; 2.--8 rats received subcutaneous injection of 0.25 ml olive oil; and 3.--8 rats, no treatment. The tumors developed after 14-35 weeks. The examined tumors had the mass of 1 g to 176 g--mean 15 g. Tissue material was fixed in Carnoy's or Bouin's fluid. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and using Azan methods. Mast cells were stained with alcjan blue+saphranin and with toluidine blue in pH 1.5. Immunohistochemical reactions detecting tryptase in mast cells and von Willebrand Factor in endothelial cells were also performed--using specific antibodies (DAKO) and ABC complex. We have found a very significant growth of the quantity of mast cells in the connective tissue of tumours. The distinct increase in immunostaining was found for tryptase in mast cells of the tumor periphery zone, where most areas of strong neoangiogenesis were found.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Lysosomal activity of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in acute experimental pancreatitis in rats with reference to positive PAF-antagonist (BN 52021) effect.

The activation of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM's), might play an important role in severe complications of acute pancreatitis. The aim of our study was to assess the labilization of macrophage lysosomal membranes and release of lysosomal cathepsin B (CB) and N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (NAH) into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during taurocholate acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats treated with PAF-antagonist--BN 52021. Total activity of CB increased by 374% after 6 h and by 237% after 12 h of AP in lysosomal enriched fraction of PAM's. Fractional free activity of CB increased to 40% after 6 h and to 38% after 12 h of AP. Free activity of CB was increased 5 fold in the supernatant of macrophage homogenate, and 10 fold in the supernatant of BALF after 6 h of AP. The values of NAH activity roughly paralleled that of CB. Treatment with BN 52021 (5 mg x kg(-1) every 6 h i.v.) partially normalized the measured parameters. Our results indicate that the PAF-antagonist BN 52021 reduced the increase of total and free activity of lysosomal hydrolases of PAM's and partly prevented the labilization of their lysosomal membranes. Therefore, an important mechanism of BN 52021 beneficial effect in pulmonary complications of acute pancreatitis could be dependent on the stabilization of PAM's lysosomes.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

Hemorrhagic shock activates mast cells in the rat stomach wall.

The activation of mast cells (MC) and liberation of their mediators can play an essential role in initiating and controlling inflammatory processes in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) due to ischemia. The role of MC in changes induced by hemorrhagic shock (HS) remains unknown. Heparin provided by MC seems to inhibit local inflammation and prevent DIC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric changes and biochemical activity of MC in the stomach wall after 75 minutes of hemorrhagic shock. The MC in mucosal, submucosal, muscular and serosal compartments of the various stomach wall regions were examined in shocked rats and in the control group. Additionally, the contents of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), measured as uronic acids concentration, as well as anticoagulative activity in the stomach wall were assessed. HS resulted in an evident increase in the number of mast cells detected in the stomach mucosa and serosa, in slight alterations in number of MC in the submucosal and muscular layers, a significant increase in size and changes of the shape of the MC. The elevation of the width, area, and circular shape of MC in all layers were noted. No clear and significant differences between various stomach regions in MC numbers and MC sizes could be shown. No reaction of other inflammatory cells at this stage of shock was observed. Highly significant increases in GAG concentration, and anticoagulative activity in the stomach wall due to shock were noted. The morphometric and biochemical data may indicate MC activation, especially in mucosa and serosa. The shock-induced migration of MC settled in the stomach wall seems to be possible. The results suggest an essential role of MC reaction in the stomach wall in the early phase of hemorrhagic shock.

Animals↗