[Treatment of testicular hydroceles with puncture and injection of fibrin glue (Tisseel)].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
L Christiansen
Publications and source records attributed to L Christiansen.
Sultamicillin--a new antibiotic in the treatment of persistent lower respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent cause of recurrent or chronic lower respiratory tract infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ampicillin and its derivatives are routinely used in treatment, but resistant strains producing beta-lactamase frequently necessitate the use of other antibiotics. Sultamicillin is a compound agent for oral use in which ampicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam are linked as a double ester. This combination is active in vitro against many beta-lactamase producing bacteria including ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. Eight CF children and ten children with other COPD suffering from chronic or recurrent H. influenzae infection of the lower respiratory tract were treated with sultamicillin orally, 25 mg/kg, 12-hourly, for two weeks. Nine infections were caused by ampicillin-resistant strains. At the end of the treatment 65% of the patients were free of H. influenzae. The only adverse reaction was diarrhoea which occurred in 14 patients, and necessitated withdrawal of one patient from the study.
Adolescent↗
Efficient site-directed mutagenesis by simultaneous use of two primers.
A rapid and efficient procedure for site specific mutagenesis is described. A double primed synthesis with a 17-mer mismatch primer and a "universal" 15-mer M13 sequencing primer was used to introduce a T to A transversion into an ompF signal peptide gene cloned in the M13mp8 vector. The two primers were annealed to the circular single stranded M13 template. After a short extension and ligation reaction, a double stranded restriction fragment containing the mismatch (ompF*/EcoR1-SalI) was cut out of the partly single stranded circular DNA and inserted into pBR322. 42% of the E.coli transformants harboured plasmid with the desired mutation, which could be detected by the appearance of a new restriction site (MboII) and by dot blot hybridization of plasmid DNA with the 32P-labeled 17-mer.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
Plasma catecholamine and serum gastrin concentrations during sham feeding.
Plasma adrenaline, plasma noradrenaline and serum gastrin concentrations were measured before and after sham feeding in eight patients with duodenal ulcer and in four normal subjects. No significant change in the concentrations was observed after sham feeding. In three patients with duodenal ulcer an insulin test resulted in a 25-fold rise in plasma adrenaline. The ulcer patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma adrenaline and plasma noradrenaline than the normal subjects both before and after sham feeding, and this difference was probably not caused only by age difference in the two groups. It is concluded that sympathetic nervous activity and serum gastrin concentrations are not influenced by sham feeding in contrast to the influence of insulin hypoglycemia.
Adult↗
Haemodynamics in patients undergoing porto-caval shunt operations.
Haemodynamic parameters, including cardiac output, blood volume, and blood pressures in the systemic and pulmonary circulations, were followed in eight patients undergoing porto-caval shunt operations because of portal hypertension. Measurements were performed in the awake patients before premedication, during operation immediately before clamping of the portal vein, and immediately after opening of the porto-caval shunt. Further measurements were performed 2-4 h, and 22-26 h postoperatively. Preoperatively, cardiac index and blood volume were increased, whereas the blood pressures in the systemic and pulmonary circulations were within normal accepted limits. After opening the porto-caval shunt, increases in pulmonary arterial mean pressure of between 35 and 80% and in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of between 40 and 200% were observed in the four patients in whom the pressure gradient between the caval vein and the portal vein was normalized, i.e. where a pressure gradient after opening the porto-caval shunt was measured between 0 and 0.67 kPa. Otherwise, the haemodynamic changes were only partly related to changes in the pressure gradient. The courses of the postoperative haemodynamic changes did not seem to be different from the courses in other categories of patients. The most important haemodynamic changes in patients undergoing porto-caval shunt operations seem to take place immediately after opening the shunt. To minimize the extent of changes in the pulmonary circulation, the shunt should be opened gradually.
Adult↗
Cloning, restriction endonuclease mapping and post-transcriptional regulation of rpsA, the structural gene for ribosomal protein S1.
Transducing lambda phages have been isolated that carry segments of the Escherichia coli chromosome in the aspC region, 20.5 min on the E. coli map. One of these phages, lambda aspC2, carries rpsA, the structural gene for the ribosomal protein S1. A three kilobase fragment from this phage, cloned into either the plasmid pACYC184 or the plasmid pBR322, was found to express S1. In cells carrying the rpsA gene on the high copy number plasmid pBR322 the rate of rpsA mRNA synthesis was increased 40-fold, whereas the rate of protein S1 synthesis was doubled, in comparison with these rates in an rpsA haploid.
Cloning, Molecular↗
Increased transvascular escape rate of albumin during experimental portal and hepatic venous hypertension in the pig. Relation to findings in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
Transvascular escape rate of albumin [TERalb, i.e. the fraction of the intravascular mass of albumin (IVMalb) passing to the extravascular space per unit time] was determined from the disappearance of i.v. injected radioiodinated serum albumin in anaesthetized pigs during control conditions and during regional venous congestion in the infradiaphragmatic area. Balloon catheters were placed in the portal vein (infrahepatic portal congestion) and in the inferior vena cava above (suprahepatic caval congestion) and below (infrahepatic caval congestion) the outlets of the hepatic veins. TERalb was on the average 13% IVMalb.h-1 under basal pressure conditions. TERalb rose significantly (p less than 0.01) during suprahepatic caval and infrahepatic portal congestion to an average of 29 and 19% IVMalb.h-1, respectively. TERalb was positively correlated to the portal pressure (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Only a minor increment in TERalb was found during infrahepatic caval congestion. The hepatic share of the increased TERalb during stasis above the hepatic veins was estimated to be threefold that of the extrahepatic splanchnic area. Our results point to filtration of protein, predominantely through the lining of the sinusoids and perisinusoidal space of the liver into the interstitial space around the portal vessels and further into the lymphatics, as the main mechanism of the previously demonstrated marked increase in TERalb in patients with portal venous hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver.
Animals↗
Reversible colour vision defects in obstructive jaundice.
The ocular function of 14 non-alcoholic, high icteric patients with recent occlusion of the common bile duct and 3 patients with viral hepatitis with a cholestatic pattern was studied. By means of a colour vision test panel including the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, 12 patients were initially classified as colour defective with a pattern of acquired colour vision deficiency (ACVD), predominantly of a tritan type. Visual acuity, visual field, slit lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, ophthalmoscopy and tear secretion tests were normal, and all patients had normal levels of serum vitamin A. Retesting of 4 initially colour defective patients after disappearance of the obstructive jaundice showed a complete normalisation of the ACVD's. It is concluded, that the colour perception in patients with obstructive jaundice is related to the serum bilirubin level, and not to a deficiency of vitamin A.
Adult↗
A fully active, two-active-site, single-chain sucrase.isomaltase from pig small intestine. Implications for the biosynthesis of a mammalian integral stalked membrane protein.
Detergent-solubilized pig intestinal sucrase . isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48-EC 3.2.1.10) was purified 40 to 100 times with a yield of 10 to 20% by a rapid immunoadsorbent technique. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and was essentially free of other known brush border peptidases and disaccharidases. Intestinal sucrase . isomaltase isolated from pigs with intact pancreatic ducts consisted of two polypeptide chains with apparent molecular weights of 140,000 and 150,000, respectively. In contrast, the enzyme isolated from pigs in which the pancreas was completely disconnected from the duodenum 3 days before killing migrated in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulfate as a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular weight of 260,000. Treatment with pancreatic proteases in vitro converted the large polypeptide chain into bands with molecular weights equal to or somewhat larger than those of sucrase . isomaltase purified from normal pigs. No increase of enzymatic activity could be detected during this transformation. It is suggested that the single-chain sucrase . isomaltase represents a precursor, which is converted to the final sucrase . isomaltase in vivo by pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. This is one of the few examples in vertebrates of a single polypeptide chain carrying two enzymatically active sites. The significance of the result for the mechanism of the biosynthesis of sucrase . isomaltase is discussed.
Animals↗
Ethanol elimination kinetics in human liver and pig liver in vivo.
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Animals↗
Purification of different amphiphilic forms of a microvillus aminopeptidase from pig small intestine using immunoadsorbent chromatography.
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Aminopeptidases↗
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in diagnostic evaluation of 160 jaundiced patients. Results of an improved technic.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was carried out in 160 patients with jaundice in whom the diagnosis could not be established by means of conventional methods of investigation. In PTC, selective catheterization of the common bile duct was employed and cholangiograms of high quality were obtained. In patients with obstruction of the biliary passages, the catheter was left indwelling centrally in the biliary passages for external bile drainage. The investigation, thus, did not necessitate immediate operation in these patients. PTC was successful in 113 of the 115 patients with obstructive jaundice. In forty-five patients the suspicion of obstruction could be discharged. Normal biliary passages were demonstrated in twenty-six patients. In nineteen patients it was impossible to cannulate the biliary tree and this was tantamount to nonobstructive jaundice. Complications occurred in six patients, but were not exclusively due to PTC. PTC provides a possibility for differentiation between obstructive and nonobstructive jaundice and thereby laparotomy can frequently be avoided. The incidence of complications may be maintained at an acceptable, low level provided the technic is meticulously observed.
Biliary Tract Diseases↗
[Letter: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography in diagnosis of icterus].
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Cholangiography↗
Ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli that stimulate stringent-factor-mediated pyrophosphoryl transfer in vitro.
Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate, (p)ppGpp, can be synthesized in vitro in a reaction containing only the enzyme (stringent factor), salts, and substrates (nonribosomal system). This reaction is greatly stimulated upon addition of methanol (methanol system) or by ribosomes, mRNA, and tRNA (ribosome system). Here we show that several ribosomal proteins alone stimulate the synthesis of (p)ppGpp in the presence of stringent factor (protein system). The optimal ionic conditions for the ribosome and protein systems are identical. The concentration of ribosomes or any stimulating ribosomal protein required for saturation of a given concentration of stringent factor is similar. Fifty of 54 ribosomal proteins were tested for stimulation in the protein system; 15 proteins showed high activity, seven of these from the 30S ribosomal subunit and eight from the 50S subunit. The physiological relevance of this finding is discussed.
Cell-Free System↗
Early complications in patients previously treated with corticosteroids.
A retrospective analysis is presented is presented of 205 major operations performed over a 10-year period on 95 previously steroid-treated patients with Crohn's disease (C.D.) or ulcerative colitis (U.C.). All patients had been treated both in the medical and in the surgical gastroenterological department. The incidence of early postoperative complications was high, but there was nothing to suggest a relationship between the complications and the intensity of the preoperative steroid therapy. However, mortality rate, duration of hospital convalescence as well as incidence of complications were found to be significantly lower in those patients who had undergone elective in preference to emergency surgery. The fear of an increased complication rate following intensive steroid treatment of patients with acute C.D. or U.C. is, in our opinion, unfounded.
Acute Disease↗
Predictive value of renography and i.v. urography for the outcome of reconstructive surgery in patients with hydronephrosis.
Intravenous urography and isotope renography studies were made in 54 patients with hydronephrosis. Thirty six of these patients underwent reconstructive surgery and were also studied postoperatively. Both studies gave more or less consistent results - that is to say evaluations of renal function and drainage from each individual study were similar - but no individual parameter was of any specific significance in the selection of patients for therapy. Points were allocated to each parameter, and after summing these points for each individual patient, 3 groupings became apparent: a low count group - patients with pelvectasia but normal renal function:a middle count group - patients with certain hydronephrosis; and a high count group with severe hydronephrosis, and markedly impaired renal function. Post-operatively, renal function was unaltered or mildly reduced in group 1, and improved in groups 2 and 3, though the differences were not statistically significant. It was hoped that the studied would allow differentiation between patients of the low count group, but the conundrum remains - which of them can be categorized as normal variants, and which were in fact displaying early pathological signs of essentially progressive disease.
Adolescent↗
Acute hemorrhagic gastritis--diagnosis and treatment.
Approximately 10-20% of patients admitted with acute gastrointestinal bleeding suffer from hemorrhagic erosive gastritis. A material of 36 patients is presented and the literature reviewed. The moderate bleeders stop bleeding within hours to a few days and the majority may safely be managed conservatively, i.e. with blood transfusions. The severe bleeders continue to bleed for a long time and surgery is often required. Different operative procedures have been suggested. The mortality in this group of patients is high--nearly 30%, and the frequency of postoperative rebleeding is also high. It is concluded that there is no absolute operative procedure of choice but vagotomy combined with subtotal gastrectomy offer the best protection against rebleeding. Treatment with selective application of vasoconstrictors is mentioned.
Adult↗
Congenital clubfoot.
A series of 58 children with 75 idiopathic congenital clubfeet is presented. Early soft tissue release was performed in 77 per cent. The main purpose of the study was to clarify the causes of postoperative relapse. The results were poor in 12 feet, 11 (19 per cent) were reoperated. On re-evaluation of the "poor" cases we found severe social problems involved, including parental neglect.
Child, Preschool↗